[by] J.M. Luttinger and L. Tisza. / "Reprinted from the Physical review, vol. 70, nos. 11 and 12, 954-964, Dec. 1 and 15, 1946." / Includes bibliographical references. / Contract OEMsr-262.

The Fermilab Tevatron is currently the world’s highest energy colliding beam facility. Its counter-rotating proton and antiproton beams collide at 2 TeV center-of-mass. Delivery of such intense beam fluxes to experiments has required improved knowledge of the Tevatron’s beam optical lattice. An oscillating dipole magnet, referred to as an AC dipole, is one of such a tool to non-destructively assess the optical properties of the synchrotron. We discusses development of an AC dipole system for the Tevatron, a fast-oscillating (f∼20 kHz) dipole magnet which can be adiabatically turned on and off to establish sustained coherent oscillations of the beam particles without affecting the transverse emittance. By utilizing an existing magnet and a higher power audio amplifier, the cost of the Tevatron AC dipole system became relatively inexpensive. We discuss corrections which must be applied to the driven oscillation measurements to obtain the proper interpretation of beam optical parameters from AC dipole studies. After successful operations of the Tevatron AC dipole system, AC dipole systems, similar to that in the Tevatron, will be build for the CERN LHC. We present several measurements of linear optical parameters (beta function and phase advance) for the Tevatron, as well as studies of non-linear perturbations from sextupole and octupole elements. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Direction finding plays a crucial role in various civilian and military applications, related to either radionavigation or radiolocation. Most of the direction finding antennas operate over a wide frequency band, but only a minority of them enable the direction of arrival estimation of an incoming electromagnetic field over a 3-D angular coverage (i.e., estimation of both azimuth and elevation angles). An original approach to obtain a 3-D angular coverage consists in measuring the six components of the incident electromagnetic field through a so-called vector antenna. The aim of this Ph.D. is to design a passive, compact and wideband vector antenna in order to cover a maximum of applications. Two vector antennas have been designed, manufactured and experimentally characterized. Unlike conventional topology, they enable the measurement of the components of an incoming electromagnetic field thanks to the radiation pattern reconfigurability of an original arrangement of Vivaldi antennas. The first prototype is mounted over a finite metallic support and enables the direction of arrival estimation of vertically-polarized electromagnetic fields over a 1.69:1 bandwidth while the second one can be used regardless of the polarization of the incoming electromagnetic fields over a 8:1 bandwidth. Moreover, the direction finding performances of these vector antennas have been improved in terms of estimation accuracy, sensitivity, robustness to angular ambiguity and polarization mismatch by synthesizing new radiation patterns in the estimation process. A method based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound has been proposed to select efficiently and rapidly the additional radiation patterns

abstract: There is a pervasive need in the defense industry for conformal, low-profile, efficient and broadband (HF-UHF) antennas. Broadband capabilities enable shared aperture multi-function radiators, while conformal antenna profiles minimize physical damage in army applications, reduce drag and weight penalties in airborne applications and reduce the visual and RF signatures of the communication node. This dissertation is concerned with a new class of antennas called Magneto-Dielectric wire antennas (MDWA) that provide an ideal solution to this ever-present and growing need. Magneto-dielectric structures (μr>1;εr>1) can partially guide electromagnetic waves and radiate them by leaking off the structure or by scattering from any discontinuities, much like a metal antenna of the same shape. They are attractive alternatives to conventional whip and blade antennas because they can be placed conformal to a metallic ground plane without any performance penalty. A two pronged approach is taken to analyze MDWAs. In the first, antenna circuit models are derived for the prototypical dipole and loop elements that include the effects of realistic dispersive magneto-dielectric materials of construction. A material selection law results, showing that: (a) The maximum attainable efficiency is determined by a single magnetic material parameter that we term the hesitivity: Closely related to Snoek's product, it measures the maximum magnetic conductivity of the material. (b) The maximum bandwidth is obtained by placing the highest amount of μ" loss in the frequency range of operation. As a result, high radiation efficiency antennas can be obtained not only from the conventional low loss (low μ") materials but also with highly lossy materials (tan(δm)>>1). The second approach used to analyze MDWAs is through solving the Green function problem of the infinite magneto-dielectric cylinder fed by a current loop. This solution sheds light on the leaky and guided waves supported by the magneto-dielectric structure and leads to useful design rules connecting the permeability of the material to the cross sectional area of the antenna in relation to the desired frequency of operation. The Green function problem of the permeable prolate spheroidal antenna is also solved as a good approximation to a finite cylinder. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2013

Orientador: Luiz Otávio Saraiva Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T05:25:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gasparoto_HenriqueFagundes_M.pdf: 20120157 bytes, checksum: 1a0b108d3b6380d0ca446e17b2bc749b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Motivado pelo projeto de dispositivos magnetomecânicos, este trabalho consiste na modelagem e simulação macroscópicas de corpos constituídos de materiais magnéticos, em frequência nula, representados por arranjos de dipolos magnéticos elementares em interação mútua, baseando se no método das fontes equivalentes (ESM, Equivalent Source Methods). O objetivo de modelagem e simulação se divide basicamente: na determinação do campo magnético - inclusive com o traçado das linhas de indução magnética; na determinação da força magnética e na obtenção do torque magnético sobre os corpos. A solução da força magnética e do torque magnético garante o elo de interação do magnetismo com a mecânica, permitindo assim o estudo de dispositivos magnetomecânicos tais como acoplamentos e mancais magnéticos passivos. Os corpos contemplados no estudo são do tipo ímã permanente ferromagnético mole paramagnético ou diamagnético. Um simulador denominado DipMag foi implementado em MATLAB®. Casos de sistemas magnetostáticos foram reproduzidos para a validação do simulador. Foram considerados sistemas com modelos algébricos, um sistema com modelo fenomenológico, e sistemas com modelos numéricos, inclusive com o uso do software FEMM. Constam casos como a determinação da força e torque magnético entre ímãs paralelepipedais, atração entre ímã e corpos ferromagnético mole e paramagnéticos, e a repulsão entre ímã e corpo diamagnético. Em especial, na modelagem e simulação para comparação com o caso experimental, onde um ímã paralelepipedal foi utilizado, obteve-se a polarização magnética equivalente com o uso de um medidor de campo magnético (Gaussmeter ou Teslameter) juntamente com formulação analítica (modelo de Coulomb). Diante das comparações o simulador DipMag foi bem sucedido na determinação do campo magnético externamente aos corpos, na obtenção da força magnética e do torque magnético sobre os corpos. Tendo em vista a forma adotada de representação magnética dos corpos, com a discretização em dipolos magnéticos dispostos em esferas, espera-se que o simulador DipMag possa evoluir da simulação estática para a simulação dinâmica, inclusive com acoplamento a métodos de partículas (por exemplo o DEM, Discrete Element Method). Contudo, espera-se ainda que, no futuro, o desempenho do DipMag seja melhorado com o uso do FMM (Fast Multipole Method) e com o processamento paralelo em GPU's / Abstract: Aiming magnetomechanical devices projects, this master thesis approaches the modeling and macroscopic simulation of bodies composed by basic magnetic materials at null frequency, represented by arrays of elementary magnetic dipoles in mutual interaction, based on the equivalent sources method (ESM). The objectives are: determination of the magnetic field - including mapping of magnetic induction lines, and computation of force and magnetic torque on bodies. The solution of force and magnetic torque ensures the interaction bond between magnetism and mechanics, allowing the study of magnetomechanical devices such as passive magnetic bearings and couplings. The kinds of materials included in this study are: permanent magnets, soft ferromagnetic, paramagnetic or diamagnetic. A simulator called DipMag was implemented in MATLAB®. Cases of magnetostatic systems were reproduced to validate the simulator. Were considered: systems with algebraic models, phenomenological models and numerical models, including the use of the FEMM simulator. Were studied the determination of force and magnetic torque between parallelepipedal magnets, the attraction between a magnet and a soft ferromagnetic and a paramagnetic bodies, and repulsion between a magnet and a diamagnetic body. When in modeling and simulating for comparing our method to the experimental case where a parallelepipedal magnet was used, its equivalent magnetic polarization was calculated from measumerents using a magnetic field meter (Teslameter or Gaussmeter) together with analytical formulation (Coulombian model). Our DipMag simulator was successful on determining magnetic field outside the bodies, obtaining the magnetic force and torque on the magnetic bodies. The method used for representing the magnetic bodies by magnetic dipoles in spheres, opens a pathway for DipMag simulator evolution, from static simulation to dynamic simulation, including the coupling with particle methods like DEM (Discrete Element Method). And it is expected that the DipMag simulator performance can be improved by using FMM (Fast Multipole Method) with parallel processing on GPU's (Graphics Processing Unit) / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Alberto Vazquez Saa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_VanessaPachecode_M.pdf: 1200814 bytes, checksum: 8b3bfadc5901d2f7c992d013c3957d07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Podemos utilizar o conhecido m'etodo "Deslocar, cortar e refletir¿ para construir soluc¿oes exatas das Equac¿oes de Einstein correspondentes 'a espacos-tempo com distribuic¿oes discoidais de materia. Esse metodo consiste na introduc¿ao de uma descontinuidade na primeira derivada do tensor metrico. O resultado é uma soluc¿ao com uma singularidade do tipo delta de Dirac na hipersuperficie z = 0. Nosso estudo se restringiu a discos finos estaticos utilizando as soluc¿oes de Schwarzschild e Gutsunaev-Manko, sendo esta a representac¿ao de um objeto massivo com configurac¿ao de campo magnetico com simetria dipolar. Incluiu-se tambem o estudo da estabilidade da orbita de particulas-teste no disco, generalizando os criterios de estabilidade de Rayleigh e uma segunda analise para testar a estabilidade do disco atraves de uma perturbac¿ao no tensor energia-momento. / Abstract: We can use the well-known "Displace, cut and reflect¿ method to construct exact solutions of Einstein Equations that correspond to space-times with disklike distribution of matter. This method consists on the introduction of a discontinuity in the first-order derivative of the metric tensor. The result is a solution with a singularity of the Dirac delta type in the hypersurface Z = 0. Our study was restricted to static thin disks using Schwarzschild and Gutsunaev-Manko solutions, being the last the representation of a massive object with magnetic field configuration with dipolar symmetry. We include also the stability study of test-particles orbits at the disk, generalizing the Rayleigh criteria of stability and a second analysis to test the stability of the disk through a perturbation in the energy-momentum tensor / Mestrado / Física / Mestra em Física

La radiogoniométrie joue un rôle crucial dans diverses applications, aussi bien civiles que militaires, liées soit à la radionavigation ou à la radiolocalisation. La plupart des antennes de goniométrie opèrent sur une large bande de fréquences, mais seule une minorité d’entre elles permettent l'estimation de la direction d’arrivée d’un champ électromagnétique incident sur une couverture angulaire 3-D (c.-à-d., l’estimation à la fois des angles d’azimut et d’élévation). Une approche originale permettant d’obtenir une couverture angulaire 3-D consiste à mesurer les six composantes d’un champ électromagnétique incident à l’aide d’une antenne dite vectorielle. L'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir une antenne vectorielle passive, compacte et large bande afin de couvrir un maximum d'applications. Deux antennes vectorielles ont été conçues, fabriquées et caractérisées expérimentalement. \`A la différence d'une topologie conventionnelle, elles permettent de mesurer les composantes d'un champ électromagnétique incident grâce à la reconfigurabilité en diagramme de rayonnement d'un arrangement original d'antennes Vivaldi. Le premier prototype est monté sur un support métallique fini et permet l'estimation de la direction d'arrivée de champs électromagnétiques polarisés verticalement sur une bande passante de 1.69:1 tandis que le second peut être utilisé quelle que soit la polarisation des champs électromagnétiques incidents sur une bande passante de 8:1. De plus, les performances de goniométrie de ces antennes vectorielles ont été améliorées du point de vue de la précision, de la sensibilité, de la robustesse face aux ambiguïtés angulaires et aux erreurs de dépolarisation en synthétisant de nouveaux diagrammes de rayonnement dans le processus d'estimation. Une méthode basée sur la borne de Cramer-Rao a été élaborée afin de sélectionner efficacement et rapidement les diagrammes de rayonnement supplémentaires. / Direction finding plays a crucial role in various civilian and military applications, related to either radionavigation or radiolocation. Most of the direction finding antennas operate over a wide frequency band, but only a minority of them enable the direction of arrival estimation of an incoming electromagnetic field over a 3-D angular coverage (i.e., estimation of both azimuth and elevation angles). An original approach to obtain a 3-D angular coverage consists in measuring the six components of the incident electromagnetic field through a so-called vector antenna. The aim of this Ph.D. is to design a passive, compact and wideband vector antenna in order to cover a maximum of applications. Two vector antennas have been designed, manufactured and experimentally characterized. Unlike conventional topology, they enable the measurement of the components of an incoming electromagnetic field thanks to the radiation pattern reconfigurability of an original arrangement of Vivaldi antennas. The first prototype is mounted over a finite metallic support and enables the direction of arrival estimation of vertically-polarized electromagnetic fields over a 1.69:1 bandwidth while the second one can be used regardless of the polarization of the incoming electromagnetic fields over a 8:1 bandwidth. Moreover, the direction finding performances of these vector antennas have been improved in terms of estimation accuracy, sensitivity, robustness to angular ambiguity and polarization mismatch by synthesizing new radiation patterns in the estimation process. A method based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound has been proposed to select efficiently and rapidly the additional radiation patterns