Studies to compare and elucidate some of the surface chemical characteristics of chromium dioxide and barium ferrite magnetic particles have been performed. These investigations primarily involved using the technique of flow microcalorimetry to look at the interaction of molecular probes (pyridine, 4-nitrophenol) and various components present in a magnetic ink (dispersants and model binder compounds) with the particles. The interactions were measured in terms of heats of adsorption and adsorption density. Ancillary experiments using FTIR and XPS were also performed. Both electrophoretic measurements and calorimetric studies showed that stabilized CrO₂ was less acidic than un-stabilized CrO₂. Similar measurements showed that un-doped barium ferrite was more acidic than Co and Ti doped barium ferrite. The interactions of dispersants and model binder components with barium ferrite were found to be very exothermic; heats of interaction of greater than -20 kcal/mole were not uncommon. Subsequent analysis of barium ferrite particles treated with dispersants and binder compounds using FTIR and XPS suggested that these compounds formed chemical complexes on the surface of the ferrite particles.

No description available.

chemical partitioning of Cobalt-containing soft magnetic amorphous and nanocomposite materials has been investigated with particular focus on its consequences on these materials’ nanostructure and electrical resistivity. Theory, models, experiment, and discussion in this regard are presented on this class of materials generally, and are detailed in particular on alloys of composition, (Fe65Co35)79.5+xB13Si2Nb4-xCu1.5, for X={0- 4at%}, and Co-based, Co76+YFe4Mn4-YB14Si2Nb4, for Y={0-4at%}. The context of this work is within the ongoing efforts to integrate soft magnetic metal amorphous and nanocomposite materials into electric motor applications by leveraging material properties with motor topology in order to increase the electrical efficiency and decrease the size, the usage of rare-earth permanent magnets, and the power losses of electric motors. A mass balance model derived from consideration of the partitioning of glass forming elements relates local composition to crystal state in these alloys. The ‘polymorphic burst’ onset mechanism and a Time-Temperature- Transformation diagram for secondary crystallization are also presented in relation to the partitioning of glass forming elements. Further, the intrinsic electrical resistivity of the material is related to the formation of virtual bound states due to dilute amounts of the glass forming elements. And lastly, a multiphase resistivity model for the effective composite resistivity that accounts for the amorphous, crystalline, and glass former-rich amorphous regions, each with distinct intrinsic resistivity, is also presented. The presented models are validated experimentally on the Co-containing alloys by Atom Probe Tomography performed through collaboration with Pacific Northwestern National Laboratory.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos um metodo baseado no formalismo lmto-asa (combinacao linear de orbitais muffin-tin na aproximacao de esfera atomica) e no metodo de recorrencia, que possibilita calculos autoconsistentes de primeiros principios com polarizacao de spin no espaco direto. Para testar o metodo, calculamos a estrutura eletronica dos sistemas FENI IND.5 (ferromagnetico) e FEMN (antiferromagnetico). Os resultados mostraram boa concordancia com os obtidos por outros metodos. A fim de ilustrar o metodo aplicado a um sistema nao-periodico, calculamos a estrutura eletronica e a distribuicao local de momentos magneticos para um sistema constituido de uma impureza substitucional de FE numa matriz CU. Nossos resultados para momento magnetico e densidade de estados local para o sitio de impureza, concordam bem com resultados via metodo kkr-funcao de gren e experimentais, da literatura. O metodo aqui descrito e bastante flexivel e e muito util na obtencao de momentos magneticos locais em sistemas complexos / In this work we present an approach based on the linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) formalism in the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) and on the recursion method which allows us to perform first principies calculations in real space. To test the method, we obtain the electronic structure of ferromagnetic FeNi3 e antiferromagnetic FeMn. The results compare well with those obtained by others methods. To illustrate the scheme applied to a non-periodic system, we calculate the electronic structure and local magnetic moments for a substitutional impurity of Fe in a Cu host. Our results for the magnetic moment and local density of states at the Fe site, agree well with KKR-Green functions and experimental results in the literature. The scheme described here is extremely flexible and is very useful to obtain local distribuition of magnetic moments in complex metallic systems.

A criacao de uma textura periodica por acao de um campo magnetico na fase nematica calamitica de um cristal liquido liotropico, usando a teoria elastica do continuo e estudada. O periodo (p) desta distorcao permite a obtencao da grandeza K IND.3/X IND.ALFA, onde K IND.3 e a constante elastica bend e X IND.ALFA e a anisotropia de susceptibilidade diamagnetica. A existencia de um campo magnetico critico de fredericskz, permite a determinacao de K IND.2/X IND.ALFA, onde K IND.2 e a constante elastica twist. Dopando a amostra com ferrofluido e comparando os resultados de medidas nestas amostras com medidas em amostras sem dopagem, determina-se o valor de X IND.ALFA. A biaxialidade induzida por um agente quiral e medida na transicao de fase colesterica uniaxial-colesterica biaxial no sistema liotropico: laurato de potassio, 1-decanol, agua e um dopante quiral. As medidas mostram que esta transicao e continua mas nao de segunda ordem, como ocorre na transicao nematica uniaxial-nematica biaxial. Esta mudanca e interpretada como um efeito do campo elastico quiral presente nas fases colestericas. / The creation of periodic distortion by the action of a magnetic fields in a nematic calamitic lyotrop liquid crystal using the continuum elastic theory is discussed. The wavelength (P) of that distortion allows the measurement of k3/a, where k3 is the bend elastic constant and a the anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility. The existence of a Fredericskz critical magnetic field allows the measurement of k2/a, where k2 is the twist ferrofluid and comparing the measurements in this new sample with those in samples without doping the value of a is obtained. The chirality-induced biaxility is measured at the uniaxial to biaxial cholesteric phase transition of the lyotropic system: potassium laurate, 1-decanol, water and some chiral agent. The measurements show that the uniaxial to biaxial cholesteric phase transition is continuous but not second order as the uniaxial to biaxial nematic phase transition. This change is interpreted to be an effect of the chiral elastic field present in the cholesteric phases.

Investigamos os fenômenos de reorientação de spins em diversos compostos intermetálicos com a estrutura tipo ThMn IND. 12. Foram estudadas as ligas pseudoternárias (Dy IND. XGd IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti, (Dy IND. XEr IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti e (Tb IND. XGd IND. 1-X)Fe IND. 11Ti e o composto ternário DyFe IND. 10Si IND. 2. As técnicas utilizadas neste trabalho foram: suscetibilidade AC em campos baixos, dependência angular da magnetização em amostras orientadas, e espectroscopia Mössbauer. Todas as ligas sofrem uma reorientação de spins do tipo axial-cônico ao abaixar-se a temperatura. Além disto, (Dy IND. XGd IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti, (Dy IND. XEr IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti exibem uma reorientação cônico-planar a baixas temperaturas, mas somente para um intervalo limitado de concentrações de Gd ou Er, (Tb IND. XGd IND. 1-X)Fe IND. 11Ti, por outro lado, sofre uma transição axial-planar para x > 0,6, e nenhuma transição para x < 0,6. A partir de um modelo a um íon para as interações de troca e de campo cristalino, calculamos diagramas de fase magnéticos, que apresentaram boa concordância com os dados experimentais. Finalmente, estudamos a reorientação de spins em DyFe IND. 10Si IND. 2 por meio de uma análise detalhada da variação dos parâmetros hiperfinos do ANTPOT. 57 Fe com a temperatura. Dessa forma, determinamos com precisão o intervalo de temperaturas da transição axial-cônica e confinamos a ausência de uma transição cônica-planar neste composto. / We have investigated spin reorientation phenomena in various rare earth-iron intermetallic compounds with the ThMnl2 structure. Pseudoternary (DyxGdl-x)Fe11Ti, (DyEr1-x)Fe11Ti and (TbxGd1-x)Fe11Ti alloys and the ternary compound DyFe10Si2 were studied. The experimental techniques used in this work were: low-field AC susceptibility, oriented-powder magnetization angular dependence, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. All alloys studied undergo an axial-conical spin reorientation on cooling. In addition, (DyxGdl-x)Fe11Ti and(DyEr1-x)Fe11Ti exhibit a conical-planar reorientation at lower temperatures, but on1y for a small Gd or Er concentration range. (TbxGd1-x)Fe11Ti alloys, on the other hand, undergo a single axial-planar transition for x > 0.6, and no reorientation at all for x < 0.6. Theoretical magnetic phase diagrams were calculated with a single-ion model for exchange and crystal-field interactions, showing good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the DyFe10Si2 reorientation was studied by means of a detailed analysis of the 57Fe hyperfine parameters temperature dependence; in this way the axial-conical transition temperature interval was accurately determined, and the absence of a further conical-planar transition for this compound was confirmed.

by Yu, Chak Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-133). / by Yu, Chak Chung. / PREFACE --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iv / ABSTRACT --- p.v / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Barkhausen effect --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Magnetoacoustic emission --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Methods of measurements --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Magnetization of a sample --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Signal detection --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Signal processing --- p.9 / Figures for chapter1 --- p.11 / References --- p.14 / Chapter 2 --- MAGNETIC PHENOMENA AND THEORIES --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1 --- Magnetostriction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Spontaneous magnetostriction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Saturation magnetostriction --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Field induced magnetostriction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Magnetostriction at an angle θ to the magnetic field --- p.21 / Figures for section 21 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Domain theory --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Magnetic domains --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Magnetostatic energy --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Magnetization process --- p.29 / Figures for section 22 --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Domain walls and domain processes --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Properties of domain walls --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- "180° and non-180° domain walls, and closure domains" --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Domain wall motion --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Reversible and irreversible domain processes --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Barkhausen emission and magnetoacoustic emission --- p.38 / Figures for section 23 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Hindrances to wall motion --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Residual stress --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- Dislocation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Magnetostriction --- p.45 / Chapter 2.4.1.3 --- Plastic deformation --- p.46 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Inclusions --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- "Domain nucleation, annihilation, and wall motion" --- p.48 / Figures for section 24 --- p.50 / References --- p.55 / Chapter 3 --- MEASUREMENT OF BARKHAUSEN EMISSION AND MAGNETOACOUSTIC EMISSION FROM A FRACTURED STEEL BAR --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experiments --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussions --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- BE and MAE profiles --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Defects --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Elongated grains --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of annealing --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.64 / Figures and table for chapter3 --- p.66 / References --- p.70 / Chapter 4 --- NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF A FRACTURED NICKEL BAR BY BARKHAUSEN AND MAGNETOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2 --- Experiments --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussions --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Barkhausen emission --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Magnetoacoustic emission --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Comparison of nickel and mild steel --- p.77 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.78 / Figures and table for chapter4 --- p.81 / References --- p.83 / Chapter 5 --- DETERMINATION OF THE ROLLING DIRECTION OF ELECTROLYTIC ZINC-COATED STEEL PLATE BY BARKHAUSEN EMISSION --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experiments --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.86 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussions --- p.87 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- BE profiles 、 --- p.87 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Effects of hardness and defects --- p.89 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions --- p.90 / Figures for chapter5 --- p.91 / References --- p.97 / Chapter 6 --- MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS MADE ON A NICKEL PLATE WITH HIDDEN HOLE --- p.98 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.98 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experiments --- p.99 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results and discussions --- p.100 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Barkhausen emission --- p.100 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Magnetoacoustic emission --- p.102 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusions --- p.103 / Figures for chapter6 --- p.105 / Chapter 7 --- CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES --- p.114 / APPENDIX --- p.118 / Chapter A1 --- Experimental setup for BE measurement --- p.118 / Chapter A2 --- Experimental setup for MAE measurement --- p.119 / Chapter A3 --- Specifications and models of the equipment used in the experiments --- p.120 / Chapter A4 --- List of figures --- p.121 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.129

A criacao de uma textura periodica por acao de um campo magnetico na fase nematica calamitica de um cristal liquido liotropico, usando a teoria elastica do continuo e estudada. O periodo (p) desta distorcao permite a obtencao da grandeza K IND.3/X IND.ALFA, onde K IND.3 e a constante elastica bend e X IND.ALFA e a anisotropia de susceptibilidade diamagnetica. A existencia de um campo magnetico critico de fredericskz, permite a determinacao de K IND.2/X IND.ALFA, onde K IND.2 e a constante elastica twist. Dopando a amostra com ferrofluido e comparando os resultados de medidas nestas amostras com medidas em amostras sem dopagem, determina-se o valor de X IND.ALFA. A biaxialidade induzida por um agente quiral e medida na transicao de fase colesterica uniaxial-colesterica biaxial no sistema liotropico: laurato de potassio, 1-decanol, agua e um dopante quiral. As medidas mostram que esta transicao e continua mas nao de segunda ordem, como ocorre na transicao nematica uniaxial-nematica biaxial. Esta mudanca e interpretada como um efeito do campo elastico quiral presente nas fases colestericas. / The creation of periodic distortion by the action of a magnetic fields in a nematic calamitic lyotrop liquid crystal using the continuum elastic theory is discussed. The wavelength (P) of that distortion allows the measurement of k3/a, where k3 is the bend elastic constant and a the anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility. The existence of a Fredericskz critical magnetic field allows the measurement of k2/a, where k2 is the twist ferrofluid and comparing the measurements in this new sample with those in samples without doping the value of a is obtained. The chirality-induced biaxility is measured at the uniaxial to biaxial cholesteric phase transition of the lyotropic system: potassium laurate, 1-decanol, water and some chiral agent. The measurements show that the uniaxial to biaxial cholesteric phase transition is continuous but not second order as the uniaxial to biaxial nematic phase transition. This change is interpreted to be an effect of the chiral elastic field present in the cholesteric phases.

Investigamos os fenômenos de reorientação de spins em diversos compostos intermetálicos com a estrutura tipo ThMn IND. 12. Foram estudadas as ligas pseudoternárias (Dy IND. XGd IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti, (Dy IND. XEr IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti e (Tb IND. XGd IND. 1-X)Fe IND. 11Ti e o composto ternário DyFe IND. 10Si IND. 2. As técnicas utilizadas neste trabalho foram: suscetibilidade AC em campos baixos, dependência angular da magnetização em amostras orientadas, e espectroscopia Mössbauer. Todas as ligas sofrem uma reorientação de spins do tipo axial-cônico ao abaixar-se a temperatura. Além disto, (Dy IND. XGd IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti, (Dy IND. XEr IND. 1-x)Fe IND. 11Ti exibem uma reorientação cônico-planar a baixas temperaturas, mas somente para um intervalo limitado de concentrações de Gd ou Er, (Tb IND. XGd IND. 1-X)Fe IND. 11Ti, por outro lado, sofre uma transição axial-planar para x > 0,6, e nenhuma transição para x < 0,6. A partir de um modelo a um íon para as interações de troca e de campo cristalino, calculamos diagramas de fase magnéticos, que apresentaram boa concordância com os dados experimentais. Finalmente, estudamos a reorientação de spins em DyFe IND. 10Si IND. 2 por meio de uma análise detalhada da variação dos parâmetros hiperfinos do ANTPOT. 57 Fe com a temperatura. Dessa forma, determinamos com precisão o intervalo de temperaturas da transição axial-cônica e confinamos a ausência de uma transição cônica-planar neste composto. / We have investigated spin reorientation phenomena in various rare earth-iron intermetallic compounds with the ThMnl2 structure. Pseudoternary (DyxGdl-x)Fe11Ti, (DyEr1-x)Fe11Ti and (TbxGd1-x)Fe11Ti alloys and the ternary compound DyFe10Si2 were studied. The experimental techniques used in this work were: low-field AC susceptibility, oriented-powder magnetization angular dependence, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. All alloys studied undergo an axial-conical spin reorientation on cooling. In addition, (DyxGdl-x)Fe11Ti and(DyEr1-x)Fe11Ti exhibit a conical-planar reorientation at lower temperatures, but on1y for a small Gd or Er concentration range. (TbxGd1-x)Fe11Ti alloys, on the other hand, undergo a single axial-planar transition for x > 0.6, and no reorientation at all for x < 0.6. Theoretical magnetic phase diagrams were calculated with a single-ion model for exchange and crystal-field interactions, showing good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the DyFe10Si2 reorientation was studied by means of a detailed analysis of the 57Fe hyperfine parameters temperature dependence; in this way the axial-conical transition temperature interval was accurately determined, and the absence of a further conical-planar transition for this compound was confirmed.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos um metodo baseado no formalismo lmto-asa (combinacao linear de orbitais muffin-tin na aproximacao de esfera atomica) e no metodo de recorrencia, que possibilita calculos autoconsistentes de primeiros principios com polarizacao de spin no espaco direto. Para testar o metodo, calculamos a estrutura eletronica dos sistemas FENI IND.5 (ferromagnetico) e FEMN (antiferromagnetico). Os resultados mostraram boa concordancia com os obtidos por outros metodos. A fim de ilustrar o metodo aplicado a um sistema nao-periodico, calculamos a estrutura eletronica e a distribuicao local de momentos magneticos para um sistema constituido de uma impureza substitucional de FE numa matriz CU. Nossos resultados para momento magnetico e densidade de estados local para o sitio de impureza, concordam bem com resultados via metodo kkr-funcao de gren e experimentais, da literatura. O metodo aqui descrito e bastante flexivel e e muito util na obtencao de momentos magneticos locais em sistemas complexos / In this work we present an approach based on the linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) formalism in the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) and on the recursion method which allows us to perform first principies calculations in real space. To test the method, we obtain the electronic structure of ferromagnetic FeNi3 e antiferromagnetic FeMn. The results compare well with those obtained by others methods. To illustrate the scheme applied to a non-periodic system, we calculate the electronic structure and local magnetic moments for a substitutional impurity of Fe in a Cu host. Our results for the magnetic moment and local density of states at the Fe site, agree well with KKR-Green functions and experimental results in the literature. The scheme described here is extremely flexible and is very useful to obtain local distribuition of magnetic moments in complex metallic systems.