In the summer of 2007, magnetic and electromagnetic conductivity surveys were performed on the third (front) terrace of Monks Mound, Cahokia, 6 miles (~10 km) east of St Louis in Illinois. A 17 m by 40 m rectangular grid was established on the third terrace of the 850 year old mound surface. Readings were taken on the rectangular grid at one meter spacing. A Geometrics G-856 proton precession magnetometer and a Geonics EM38 conductivity meter were used for the survey. The survey was designed and executed to detect anomalous features within the very shallow subsurface (one to two meters deep). It was hoped to delineate and categorize the sources of the anomalies. The causes are known to be natural (in this case limited to lightning strikes), prehistoric (pottery, kilns, hearths), historic (metal, fire pits, structure remnants), or modern (metal). The larger, better-defined anomalies were numbered and discussed. Magnetic anomaly interpretations include a root cellar (4), outhouse (10), house (6), and metal features (7, 8, 14, 15). The certainty of the interpretations varied and there was often multiple interpretations possible. The EM anomaly interpretations proposed include metal, pit, grave, and animal burrowing. Good correlation is observed between some of the anomalies for the magnetic and electromagnetic methods, while other anomalies were observed using only one method. Further testing suggested to confirm the interpretations is outlined in the thesis.

<P> The Baie Verte Peninsula of Northern Newfoundland has a long history of mining and extraction. This area, which plays host to some of the oldest mines in the province, has a geologic setting favorable for Volcanogenic Massive Sulphides and is still considered to be one of the best exploration targets in Newfoundland. As less near-surface discoveries are made the requirement to look for deeper deposits becomes apparent and thus the role of geophysical modeling becomes progressively more important. This thesis examines the task of geologically supported geophysical modeling as a means to predict subsurface geological distributions and structure. Three case studies of modeling on the Baie Verte Peninsula are presented. A fourth study addresses the role of gamma attenuation for rapid density measurements in building physical property databases to be used as modeling constraint. </p> <P> A case study of the Betts Cove Ophiolite Complex along the western margins of Notre Dame Bay demonstrates the use of magnetic modeling to provide insight into the 3D nature of an area of previously significant ore extraction. While prior models have interpreted this feature to consist of a series of imbricate thrust slices, this new model suggests that the Betts Cove Ophiolite Complex is a doubly plunging syncline segmented by a several normal and high angle reverse faults. On a larger scale, this segmentation comprises a half-graben structure responsible for the morphology of Notre Dame Bay. Supported by petrophysics and a detailed structural dataset 2D forward geophysical models form the basis in the construction of a 3D geologic model of the Betts Cove Ophiolite and its cover series. </P> <P> An alternative approach to the conventional method of density measurement is presented in chapter three. Modifying an industrial gamma-gamma meter, a portable device has been constructed capable of providing rapid density measurements on bore-core. The device can be calibrated using a suite of metal alloy standards. It is possible to derive secondary empirical calibration based on a one-to-one gamma-gamma to specific gravity technique correlation. This study is one of only a very small fraction implementing this technology in an ocean-floor hard rock geologic setting. </p> <p> The second modeling case study focuses on the Rambler property in the upper Pacquet Harbour Group of the central Baie Verte Peninsula. The Rambler rhyolite is a felsic dome feature within the upper portions of an incomplete ophiolite. Ore deposits are found in association with contact between the felsic volcanics of the rhyolite and the mafic volcanic cover. 3D magnetic and gravity inversions are performed implementing the University of British Columbia Geophysical Inversion Facility's (UBC-GIF) code. A large physical property database has been constructed and used in the development of a reference model of known geologic distributions. The subsurface distribution of the Rambler rhyolite has been revealed through gravity inversions while additional structural information has been provided from magnetics. The results demonstrate the strengths of including geologic constraint within the inversion process and the ability of geophysical inversions to supplement and support current understanding and exploration techniques </p> <p> In the final case study, modeling is performed on a broader perspective in order to provide a regional geologic framework of the Baie Verte Peninsula. 2D forward models of magnetics and gravity profiles are constructed with multiple intersection points in order to enforce continuity in distribution and structure throughout. New geologic maps and a regional physical rock property database have been implemented in modeling while unconstrained 3D magnetic inversions are used as additional support. In addition to addressing such issues as regional basement morphology, the depth extent of the Cape Brule porphvry, and the nature of the Baie Verte Line, several prospective exploration targets have been revealed through this study. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Very low voltage, high current output requirement have necessitated improvements in power supply's density and efficiency. Existing power conversion techniques cannot meet very stringent size and efficiency requirements. By applying the proposed magnetic integration procedure, new integrated magnetic circuits featuring low loss, simple structure, and ripple cancellation technique are then developed to overcome the limitations of prior art. Both cores and windings are integrated. Consequently, the power loss and the size of the integrated magnetic device are greatly reduced. Detailed analysis and design considerations of the proposed circuits are presented. As a result of applying the proposed technique, very high density, high efficiency, low voltage, high current power modules were developed. A typical example features an isolated 3.3V/30A power module with a power density of 130W/in3 and an efficiency of 90% at 500 KHz switching frequency. / Ph. D.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2004. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The research in this thesis has examined the use of texture and shape analysis to characterise Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of peripheral nerves in order to provide a potential quantitative tool for better diagnosis and treatments. Texture and shape can be considered as inherent properties of all surfaces and have the potential to provide sensitive information which cannot be quantitatively perceived by human vision. Texture analysis has been successfully used in image classification of aerial and satellite imagery and the diagnosis and prognosis of several types of cancer. However, to date, it has never been used in investigating peripheral nerve damage. In this thesis, we study the application of texture and shape analysis to the peripheral nerves in the upper extremities of patients suffering from Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). Specifically, quantitative texture analysis was performed on MR images of the carpal tunnel which contains the median nerve. The median nerve was studied to identify differences in textural patterns. Texture methods such as: first order features; co-occurrence matrices; run-length matrices and autocorrelation function were applied and their performance was assessed. Texture analysis was also performed to investigate nerve damage in the MR images of the brachial plexus, both in controls and patients. Further, spatial domain shape metrics were used to quantify and study the morphological differences of the median nerve in controls and patients. This highlighted that some significant differences exist between groups and thus could potentially be reliably used in combination with clinical scale metrics to identify possible nerve damage. As MR images contain noise, locating the median nerve accurately to perform image analysis is very important. Therefore, we further investigated the application of an enhanced correlation filtering method that could be trained on images of the median nerve and then applied to detect the median nerve in test images. The Optimal Trade-off Maximum Average Correlation Height (OT-MACH) filter includes the expected distortions in the target in the construction of the filter reference function. The OT-MACH filter was tuned in a bandpass to maximize the correlation peak and thereby successfully locate the position of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. This study has successfully demonstrated that texture and shape analysis can be used to investigate possible peripheral nerve damage. Further research is required using larger datasets to establish a quantitative image analysis tool to support clinical decision making and thereby improve patient care and treatment outcome.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-75).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Albert E. Stiegman, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 24, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2003. / Advisor: H. deBruin. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-169). Also available via World Wide Web.

L’innovation dans sa définition la plus générale est un moyen pour les industriels de préserver et créer de la valeur par rapport aux concurrents. Principalement technologique, l’innovation est également présente dans l’usage. Une nouvelle façon d’utiliser un produit ou un service pour répondre aux besoins du marché. Cette thèse est une innovation dans le domaine du design assisté par ordinateur des composants passifs pour l’électronique de puissance.Le domaine de l’électronique de puissance est sujet aux mêmes objectifs que toutes les recherches actuelles, c.à.d. augmenter l’efficacité énergétique des systèmes en réduisant leurs coûts et leurs temps de développement. Parmi les multitudes de solutions proposées ces dernières années, les structures multi-niveaux et multi-bras, les composants grands gaps SiC ou GaN ou les stratégies de régulation, le choix est cornélien pour le designer. Le besoin d’assistance au choix est donc clairement formulé dans le milieu industriel.Pour répondre à cette problématique, ces travaux proposent la mise en œuvre de dimensionnement par optimisation des composants passifs simulés par des modèles précis et discrets basés sur la réalité industrielle. C’est-à-dire un dimensionnement s’appuyant sur les catalogues de fournisseurs pour les dimensions et les matériaux, mais également un dimensionnement contraint par la faisabilité industrielle des solutions trouvées.Dans un premier temps le manuscrit de thèse introduit les principaux algorithmes d’optimisation ainsi que les stratégies associées. L’expérience du G2Elab ainsi que celle de Schneider Electric nous ont conduit au choix d’une stratégie adaptée au besoin défini par un cahier des charges. Les avantages et inconvénients de cette stratégie mais également des autres choix possibles sont présentés sur des exemples simples.Dans un second temps des modèles de composants passifs répondant aux besoins des algorithmes stochastiques choisis sont développés. Un important effort est fait sur la modélisation des inductances car leur dimensionnement est prépondérant comparé à celui des condensateurs. Ces efforts sont faits sur la modélisation des pertes et du comportement magnétique des matériaux poudreux et amorphes principalement utilisés chez Schneider Electric. L’expérience montre également qu’avec ces matériaux à faible densité de pertes, l’efficacité des inductances se gagne sur les conducteurs. Les modèles existant d’homogénéisation ne répondent pas au besoin de précision et de modélisation de nouveaux concepts. C’est pourquoi un nouveau modèle semi-analytique est proposé afin de rivaliser avec les méthodes de types intégrales ou éléments finis en termes de précision tout en les surpassant en termes de rapidité de calcul.Les modèles de composants présentés, le manuscrit se focalise ensuite sur la modélisation des filtres dans les structures de conversion AC/DC, DC/AC et DC/DC utilisées dans les Alimentations Sans Interruptions. Cette modélisation doit tenir compte de tous les modes de fonctionnement des ASI qui impactent fortement le comportement des filtres. Enfin les filtres utilisant des inductances couplées sont étudiés.Finalement des exemples d’applications développées pour Schneider Electric sont présentés. La mise en œuvre des méthodes d’optimisation discrète utilisant les modèles choisis sont employées pour fournir des outils d’aide à la décision lors du dimensionnement des convertisseurs. Les résultats sont validés par des mesures faites sur les prototypes issus des optimisations. / Innovation in its whole definition is a way for industrial groups to preserve and create value over competitors on the market. Mainly technologic, innovation is also of use, a new way of using a product or service to answer market or user requirements. This work is an innovation for component design in power electronic systems, both in tools and user customs.Power electronic is subject to same research goals as any modern system, i.e. cost and time to market reduction, efficiency increase in the global energy save world concern and modularity of solution to answer maximum customer needs. Among the multitude of proposed solutions during the last decade, multi-legs and multi-levels converters, new SiC and GaN semiconductors or new control strategies, the choice is cornelian for the designer. The need of tool to help designers in their choices is clearly identified in industry. To answer this problem, this work proposes the implementation of passive component sizing using discrete optimization methods. The choice of accuracy and industrial constraints is done to get already purchasable solution from optimization results to suppliers.In the first part of the PhD dissertation the main optimization algorithms are introduced with the optimization strategies. G2Elab experience and Schneider electric one lead to privileged discrete optimization using stochastic algorithms and libraries of components and materials. In the second part the models for passive components are developed to match stochastic algorithms requirements. Focus is done on magnetics because their sizing is dominant compare to capacitor. The effort is done on losses computation and magnetic behavior of powder alloy and amorphous materials widely used in Schneider Electric applications. With these low loss density materials, the gain on efficiency is achieved on conductors. Thus a new semi-analytic model is developed to overcome standard models issues and to compete with integral or finite element method in terms of accuracy and overcoming them in terms of calculation speed.In the third part, filter modeling approach is introduced for AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC converters. This modeling takes into account all working cases of UPS impacting passive components design. Interleaved and coupled solutions are investigated.Finally some examples of developed applications for Schneider Electric are presented. The sizing of passive component using discrete optimization methods are implemented with success. Measures are achieved on prototypes to validate our approach.

The objectives of this thesis are to design planar magnetic devices based on accurate electromagnetic analysis and miniaturize magnetics within desired low profile as well as small footprint. A novel methodology based on FEM simulation is proposed. By introducing Maxwell 2D simulator, optimal interleaving structures can be found to reduce AC losses that cannot otherwise be accounted for by conventional method. And 3D simulator is employed to make the results more realistic. Thus, high-efficiency high-power density magnetics is achieved.