In this work, we report the discovery of a candidate planetary-mass object with a photoevaporating protoplanetary disk, Proplyd. 133-353, which is near the massive star theta(1) Ori C at the center of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The object was known to have extended emission pointing away from theta(1) Ori. C, indicating ongoing external photoevaporation. Our near-infrared spectroscopic data and the location on the H-R diagram suggest that the central source of Proplyd. 133-353 is substellar (similar to M9.5) and has a mass probably less than 13 Jupiter mass and an age younger than 0.5 Myr. Proplyd. 133-353 shows a similar ratio of X-ray luminosity to stellar luminosity to other young stars in the ONC with a similar stellar luminosity and has a similar proper motion to the mean one of confirmed ONC members. We propose that Proplyd. 133-353 formed in a very low-mass dusty cloud or an evaporating gas globule near theta(1) Ori C as a second generation of star formation, which can explain both its young age and the presence of its disk.

O presente trabalho apresenta um plano de substituição de tubulações do sistema de distribuição de água da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), utilizando um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), que permitiu o relacionamento de dados do cadastro físico das tubulações com informações de reparos de vazamentos. Foram criados grupos de tubulações de mesmo material e, em alguns casos, de um mesmo período de implantação, para a definição de taxas anuais de substituição a partir da previsão de quebras futuras e da determinação do tempo ótimo de substituição das tubulações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a vida média das tubulações apresenta um valor inferior ao verificado em países desenvolvidos. Assim, a taxa anual de substituição de tubulações, devendo oscilar entre 1,25 e 2%, será superior à média dos países desenvolvidos, que gira em torno de 0,5 a 1%, considerando que a idade média das tubulações varie entre 100 e 200 anos. / The following study presents a pipes replacement plan for the water distribution system of the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo (MRSP), using a geographic information system (GIS), which allowed the relation between the data of the water mains and the information about leakage repairs. Water main groups of the same material were created and, in some cases, of the same installation period, for the definition of yearly replacement rates based on the future breaks forecast and determination of the water mains optimal replacement timing. The results obtained suggest that the water mains average life, show a lower value than the one verified in developed countries. Thus, the water mains year replacement rate, witch should range from 1.25 to 2%, will be higher than the average in developed countries, witch is about 0.5 and 1%, considering that water mains mean age varies between 100 and 200 years.

Neste estudo, objetivou-se caracterizar áreas queimadas em todo o Estado do Tocantins, durante o ano de 2014, por meio de análise exploratória e de componentes principais. Esta última foi empregada para estabelecer a relação das áreas queimadas com dados territoriais e socioeconômicos dos municípios tocantinenses. Por meio da análise do histórico de focos de calor no Estado, foram utilizadas imagens de satélite referentes aos meses de julho a outubro, período crítico de ocorrência. Foram utilizadas imagens TM do satélite Landsat-8, por meio do download das bandas referentes ao visível: infravermelho médio (1,57–1,65 μm), infravermelho próximo (0,85–0,88 μm) e vermelho (0,64-0,67 μm), na composição de bandas 6R5G4B (Red –vermelho, Green-verde, Blue-azul), com resolução espacial de 30 metros e resolução temporal de 16 dias. Foi realizado o processamento e interpretação visual das imagens, com a vetorização (digitalização) das áreas queimadas e incêndios. Os dados vetoriais das áreas queimadas foram cruzados com sete base de dados (precipitação média anual, pedologia, temperatura média anual, bacia hidrográfica, declividade, unidades de conservação, e o uso da terra), disponibilizadas pela Secretaria de Planejamento e Orçamento do Tocantins, e os dados territoriais e socioeconômicos dos municípios tocantinenses. Estes últimos foram utilizados na análise de componentes principais (CP), que extraiu cinco CP que explicam 81,74% da variância dos dados. Esta análise, ainda, indicou que a cicatriz apresentou maior relação linear positiva com a área do município, quantidade de focos de calor, e áreas de pastagens naturais e florestas. Pela análise espacial, com uso da função K de Ripley e Índice Global de Moran, nos locais de maior ocorrência de queimadas (regiões do Jalapão e da Ilha do Bananal), bem como no Estado todo, a ocorrência de queimadas pôde ser considerada de padrão agregado por toda a escala. Foi possível concluir, através deste trabalho, que além das condições ambientais intrínsecas do Cerrado, municípios com maiores áreas queimadas, que estão inseridos nestas duas regiões, estiveram associados com maiores PIB da agropecuária e menores PIB de serviços e indústria e menor número de habitantes. / This study objected to characterize the burned areas in the Tocantins State, 2014 season, by the exploratory and principal component analysis. This one used for knowledge the relationship of burned area with territorial and socioeconomically data of Tocantins cities. By historical analysis of heat spots in Tocantins, they were used satellite images between July and October. They were used the following bands, of sensors of Landsat-8 satellite: shortwave infrared (1.57–1.65 μm), near infrared (0.85–0.88 μm) and red (0.64-0.67 μm), in the RGB composition, with a spatial-temporal resolution of 30 meters and 16 days. It was conducted the processing and visual interpretation of the images, for the vectorization of the burned areas. These data were crossed with seven database (annual average precipitation, pedology, annual average temperature, watershed, slope, protected area and land use), available on Secretariat of Planning and Budget of Tocantins, and with the territory and socioeconomic data of the Tocantins cities. These last data were used in principal component analysis (PCA) that were extracted five PCA (data variance explained was 81.74%). These analyses revealed that burned area had shown highest positive relationship with city area, number of heat spots, natural pasture and forest areas. By the spatial analysis, K Ripley’s function and Moran’s index, the burned area occurrence, in the Tocantins State (include regions with highest burned area, as Jalapão and Bananal island), cannot be considered aleatory. It was possible to conclude, beyond environment conditions of Cerrado, the cities with highest burned area related with high agricultural GDP and low GDP of services and industry and low population.

O presente trabalho apresenta um plano de substituição de tubulações do sistema de distribuição de água da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), utilizando um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), que permitiu o relacionamento de dados do cadastro físico das tubulações com informações de reparos de vazamentos. Foram criados grupos de tubulações de mesmo material e, em alguns casos, de um mesmo período de implantação, para a definição de taxas anuais de substituição a partir da previsão de quebras futuras e da determinação do tempo ótimo de substituição das tubulações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a vida média das tubulações apresenta um valor inferior ao verificado em países desenvolvidos. Assim, a taxa anual de substituição de tubulações, devendo oscilar entre 1,25 e 2%, será superior à média dos países desenvolvidos, que gira em torno de 0,5 a 1%, considerando que a idade média das tubulações varie entre 100 e 200 anos. / The following study presents a pipes replacement plan for the water distribution system of the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo (MRSP), using a geographic information system (GIS), which allowed the relation between the data of the water mains and the information about leakage repairs. Water main groups of the same material were created and, in some cases, of the same installation period, for the definition of yearly replacement rates based on the future breaks forecast and determination of the water mains optimal replacement timing. The results obtained suggest that the water mains average life, show a lower value than the one verified in developed countries. Thus, the water mains year replacement rate, witch should range from 1.25 to 2%, will be higher than the average in developed countries, witch is about 0.5 and 1%, considering that water mains mean age varies between 100 and 200 years.

ABSTRACT Downtown Revitalization Strategy Report for Glenrock, WY Mary E. Phillips The following project submitted for the Master of City and Regional Planning Professional Project is the Downtown Revitalization Strategy Report for Glenrock, WY completed November 25, 2009. At the onset of the project, the Town of Glenrock, WY was recognized as an Aspiring Main Street Community, and sought guidance to become a Certified Main Street Community. This Strategy Report was prepared to provide an implementation plan for revitalization of the downtown following the Main Street Approach, as well as for achievement of a Certified Main Street Community status by the year 2014. The project included an interactive process, directly involving key representatives and stakeholders in the community. This included a public workshop and on-site strategy sessions with Town staff and the Glenrock Downtown Development Committee. The Strategy Report includes a basic assessment of existing conditions in downtown Glenrock based on information gathered at these meetings. From this initial assessment, issues, goals and objectives for downtown were identified. An overall strategy was then developed, in accordance with the Main Street Approach, which outlines the plan of action for the downtown revitalization and Main Street certification. The implementation section of the plan then takes the identified actions and prioritizes them based on a 5-year implementation schedule. The development and prioritization of these actions was based on the following factors: Requirements for the Wyoming Main Street Community certification status Community goals for development in the downtown Feasibility of implementation of plan components Access to resources (of all types) for implementation Players in the implementation of the plan The result of this methodology was a plan that addressed the community’s needs, with an implementation program specifically tailored for the community’s available resources.

Investigation of catalytic main-group bond forming reactions is the basis of this dissertation. Coupling of group 14 and 15 elements by several different methods has been achieved. The influence of Si–N heterodehydrocoupling on the promotion of α-silylene elimination was realized. Efficient Si–N heterodehydrocoupling by a simple, earth abundant lanthanide catalyst was demonstrated. Significant advances in hydrophosphination by commercially available catalysts was achieved by photo-activation of a precious metal catalyst. Exploration of (N3N)ZrNMe2 (N3N = N(CH2CH2NSiMe3)33–) as a catalyst for the cross-dehydrocoupling or heterodehydrocoupling of silanes and amines suggested silylene reactivity. Further studies of the catalysis and stoichiometric modeling reactions hint at α-silylene elimination as the pivotal mechanistic step, which expands the 3p elements known to engage in this catalysis and provides a new strategy for the catalytic generation of low-valent fragments. In addition, silane dehydrocoupling by group 1 and 2 metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amide complexes was investigated. Catalytic silane redistribution was observed, which was previously unknown for d0 metal catalysts. La[N(SiMe3)2]3THF2 is an effective pre-catalyst for the heterodehydrocoupling of silanes and amines. Coupling of primary and secondary amines with aryl silanes was achieved with a loading of 0.8 mol % of La[N(SiMe3)2]3THF2. With primary amines, generation of tertiary and sometimes quaternary silamines was facile, often requiring only a few hours to reach completion, including new silamines Ph3Si(nPrNH) and Ph3Si(iPrNH). Secondary amines were also available for heterodehydrocoupling, though they generally required longer reaction times and, in some instances, higher reaction temperatures. By utilizing a diamine, dehydropolymerization was achieved. The resulting polymer was studied by MS and TGA. This work expands upon the utility of f-block complexes in heterodehydrocoupling catalysis. Stoichiometric and catalytic P–E bond forming reactions were explored with ruthenium complexes. Hydrophosphination of primary phosphines and activated alkenes was achieved with 0.1 mol % bis(cyclopentadienylruthenium dicarbonyl) dimer, [CpRu(CO)2]2. Photo-activation of [CpRu(CO)2]2 was achieved with a commercially available UV-A 9W lamp. Preliminary results indicate that secondary phosphines as well as internal alkynes may be viable substrates with this catalyst. Attempts to synthesize ruthenium phosphinidene complexes for stoichiometric P–E formation have been met with synthetic challenges. Ongoing efforts to synthesize a ruthenium phosphinidene are discussed. The work in this dissertation has expanded the utility of metal-catalyzed main-group bond forming reactions. A potential avenue for catalytic generation low-valent silicon fragments has been discovered. Rapid Si–N heterodehydrocoupling by an easily obtained catalyst has been demonstrated. Hydrophosphination with primary phosphines has been achieved with a commercially available photocatalyst catalyst, requiring only low intensity UV light.

Dans cette thèse sont présentées deux méthodes visant à obtenir automatiquement une description tridimensionnelle des mouvements d'une main étant donnée une séquence vidéo monoculaire de cette main. En utilisant l'information fournie par la vidéo, l'objectif est de déterminer l'ensemble des paramètres cinématiques nécessaires à la description de la configuration spatiale des différentes parties de la main. Cet ensemble de paramètres est composé des angles de chaque articulation ainsi que de la position et de l'orientation globale du poignet. Ce problème est un problème difficile. La main a de nombreux degrés de liberté et les auto-occultations sont omniprésentes, ce qui rend difficile l'estimation de la configuration des parties partiellement ou totalement cachées. Dans cette thèse sont proposées deux nouvelles méthodes qui améliorent par certains aspects l'état de l'art pour ce problème. Ces deux méthodes sont basées sur un modèle de la main dont la configuration spatiale est ajustée pour que sa projection dans l'image corresponde au mieux à l'image de main observée. Ce processus est guidé par une fonction de coût qui définit une mesure quantitative de la qualité de l'alignement de la projection du modèle avec l'image observée. La procédure d'ajustement du modèle est réalisée grâce à un raffinement itératif de type descente de gradient quasi-newton qui vise à minimiser cette fonction de coût.Les deux méthodes proposées diffèrent principalement par le choix du modèle et de la fonction du coût. La première méthode repose sur un modèle de la main composé d'ellipsoïdes et d'une fonction coût utilisant un modèle de la distribution statistique de la couleur la main et du fond de l'image.La seconde méthode repose sur un modèle triangulé de la surface de la main qui est texturé est ombragé. La fonction de coût mesure directement, pixel par pixel, la différence entre l'image observée et l'image synthétique obtenue par projection du modèle de la main dans l'image. Lors du calcul du gradient de la fonction de coût, une attention particulière a été portée aux termes dûs aux changements de visibilité de la surface au voisinage des auto-occultations, termes qui ont été négligés dans les méthodes préexistantes.Ces deux méthodes ne fonctionnement malheureusement pas en temps réel, ce qui rend leur utilisation pour l'instant impossible dans un contexte d'interaction homme-machine. L'amélioration de la performance des ordinateur combinée avec une amélioration de ces méthodes pourrait éventuellement permettre d'obtenir un résultat en temps réel.

Le mouvement de préhension est un mouvement très complexe qui a fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches, non seulement dans le domaine ergonomique mais aussi dans le domaine clinique, en neurophysiologie, en robotique ou dans l'animation. Dans le contexte ergonomique, il est de plus en plus usuel d'utiliser un mannequin numérique pour reproduire et simuler des mouvements de préhension. Un tel outil, MAN3D, a été développé à l'INRETS. MAN3D permet la représentation des sujets humains (homme et femme) dans un environnement, ainsi que des interactions entre ces sujets et leur environnement. Cependant, dans l'état actuel de développement, les mouvements au niveau de la main sont peu réalistes et certaines postures réelles sont impossibles à reproduire. Cette limite est principalement liée à la modélisation trop simplifiée du modèle cinématique de la main. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc en premier lieu de développer un modèle cinématique de la main, intégré dans le mannequin numérique MAN3D, capable de reproduire et de simuler, de la manière la plus réaliste possible, des postures de préhension. Un second objectif est d'exploiter ce modèle pour réaliser une base de données de postures de préhension adoptées naturellement lors de la prise et la manipulation de plusieurs types d'objets.

We have chosen several types of festival (rock/pop, classic and jazz) in Scandinavian region (Sweden, Denmark and Finland), selected the biggest music events in each of the regions and marked the main factors affecting the revenue of the festival, why some of festivals occurring every year and some just have lack of visitors, as we suppose. Purpose is to define the main factors which influence revenues of festivals of classic, rock/pop and jazz genre. Methodology is to determine these factors. Quantitative analysis was used in order to collect necessary data. Organizers of festivals in Sweden, Finland and Denmark took part in the survey; they answered and gave information to main research questions, primary data. Secondary data was sourced from music events web-pages and articles. The collected data was analyzed by means of the statistical programs. We conclude that the research showed that the share of international artists, number of sponsors, the number of volunteers, the length of the music event, the music genre of a festival and government grants for the classic festivals affect festival revenues.

Dissertation--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Würzburg, 1998. / Résumé en anglais.