Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / The USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG-81) shock trial was conducted in May and June of 2001 off the coast of Naval Station Mayport, Florida. Because the USS Winston S. Churchill best represented the new line of Flight II-A Arleigh Burkes, it was chosen to undergo ship shock trials for its class. These trials are necessary in order to evaluate the vulnerability and survivability of the hull and the mission essential equipment in a "combat shock environment". However, shock trials are very expensive, require extensive planning and coordination, and represent a potential hazard to the marine environment and its mammals. Computer modeling and simulation are showing themselves to be a plausible alternative in investigating the dynamic response of a ship under these shock trials conditions. This thesis investigates the use of computer ship and fluid modeling, coupled with underwater explosion simulation and compares it to actual shock trial data from the USS Winston S. Churchill. Of particular concern in this study is the amount of fluid that must be modeled to accurately capture the structural response of a full ship finite element model. Four fluid meshes were constructed and used to study the ship's response to an underwater explosion. Each simulation data was analyzed to determine which mesh best represented the actual ship shock trial results. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Student Number : 99112152G - MA dissertation - School of Human and Community Development - Faculty of Humanities / Aviation maintenance is an area where better efficiency is needed to cope with ever increasing workloads. However aviation maintenance has also been identified as one of the major causes of accidents and also where maintenance personnel can sustain injuries. Consequently, if further efficiencies are to be achieved, they cannot come at the cost of reduced safety margins. The present study was concerned with identifying the reasons and attributions of injury incidents in major maintenance operations. Moreover compare team leaders and technicians and also investigate whether human error contributes to injury incidents. Much of previous research in this area has employed human error theory. In the present research the researcher tapped into the mainstream psychological theories to help clarify the mechanism underlying the links between the injury incidents and behaviour. The present study employed attribution theory and the theory of reasoned action to share light on explaining behaviour. The sample consisted of 17 participants, five team leaders and twelve aircraft technicians from different departments in major maintenance. Results of the study indicate that participants experienced different injury incidents in major maintenance. These injury incidents occurred as a result of various contributory factors. Contributory factors cited were equipment deficiencies, pressure, slippery and dirty floors and stands. Team leaders and technicians had similar and different responses towards the research questions asked. Types of errors that contributed to these injury incidents were slips, skill-based, knowledge-based errors and most importantly, violations. Participants made external attributions towards injury incidents. Explanations using reasoned action theory with regard to the reasons and actions that lead to injury incidents were related more subjective norm and also associated with violations and pressure.

Le cadre générale du mémoire s’articule autour de la gestion de la maintenance intégrée à la production en tenant compte de la contrainte de sous-traitance. Notre recherche traite particulièrement la gestion économique du soutient productique d’un ou de plusieurs sous-traitants qui diffèrent par leurs disponibilités et leurs coûts unitaire de production. L’étude économique consiste à minimiser un coût total intégrant la production, l’inventaire et la maintenance. Notre étude sera menée suivant deux axes. Dans un premier axe, nous considérons une demande constante sur un horizon de temps infini. Une étude analytique est menée afin d’établir la politique de maintenance à adopter et le choix entre plusieurs sous-traitants. Dans un deuxième axe, nous avons considéré une demande aléatoire à satisfaire sur un horizon de temps fini. Cette demande doit être satisfaire sous un niveau de service exigé en faisant appel à la sous-traitance tout en assumant que le taux de panne de la machine principale varie avec l’usage et le temps. L’objectif a été de proposer un plan optimal de maintenance et de production satisfaisant le niveau de service et tenant compte de la dégradation de la machine tout en minimisant les coûts de production, d’inventaire et de maintenance. Les modèles analytiques établis dans les deux axes sont validés par des exemples numériques et interprétés à travers des études de sensibilités / The general study framework is built around the maintenance management integrated with the production, taking into account the constraint of subcontracting. Our research specifically addresses the economic management of the production delivery from one or more subcontractors that differ in their availability and cost per unit of production. The economic study consists in minimizing the total cost including production, inventory and maintenance. Our study will be conducted along two axes. In a first axis, we consider a constant demand on an infinite time horizon. An analytical study is conducted to determine the maintenance policy to be adopted and the choice between several subcontractors. In a second axis, we considered a random request to accommodate over a finite time. This application must be met in a required level of service by using outsourcing while assuming that the failure rate of the main machine varies with use and time. The objective was to propose an optimal production maintenance plan that satisfies the level of service and taking into account the deterioration of the machine while minimizing production, inventory and maintenance costs. The analytical models developed in the two axes are validated by numerical examples and interpreted through sensitivity studies

The objective of this thesis is to develop a maintenance approach that fulfills the requirements of Industry 4.0. It explores the role and importance of maintenance activities in today’s industry. Then, it develops the features and tasks required to be performed by maintenance to fulfill the demands of Industry 4.0. Finally, it develops a reference model to be used in designing maintenance system for Industry 4.0. To perform these studies, real data were collected and applied as well as a typical scenario was implemented. The results achieved in the papers of this thesis are 1) a mathematical representation and application of a model that identifies, analyses and prioritizes economic weakness in working areas related to production, 2) a model that analyses, identifies and prioritizes failures that impact the competitive advantages and profitability of companies, 3) characterization of a suitable maintenance technique for Industry 4.0 and 4) a reference model i.e. a framework, that could be utilized to develop a maintenance approach for Industry 4.0. The conclusion of this thesis confirms that maintenance has a significant impact on companies’ competitive advantages, other working areas and profitability. To achieve a suitable maintenance technique for Industry 4.0, this technique must be able to monitor, diagnose, prognosis, schedule, assist in execution and present the relevant information. In order to perform these tasks several features must be acquired, the most important features are to be: digitized, automated, intelligent, able to communicate with other systems for data gathering and monitoring, openness, detect deviation in the condition at an early stage, cost- effective, flexible for adding new CM techniques, provide accurate decisions and scalable. The developed framework could be used as a base to design a maintenance system for Industry 4.0. This study contributes to our understanding of the maintenance importance in today’s industry and how to develop a maintenance approach for Industry 4.0.

No description available.

acase@tulane.edu / Influenza is a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that occurs in annual outbreaks. Activity levels for the 2017-2018 influenza season reached heights not seen since the 2009 pandemic. This was partly due to the inefficiency of the vaccine (25% effective) against the predominant circulating strain, H3N2. To make matters worse, current antiviral therapies must be given within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. This is often well outside the window of opportunity for hospitalized patients. Developing a therapy that promotes repair of the extensive damage that occurs in severely infected patients is vital for their recovery. Our lab focuses on the innate immune response, more specifically the IL-22 pathway, and the mechanisms involved in repair following pulmonary injury and infection. IL-22 is important in cell proliferation, wound healing, maintaining epithelial barriers and innate pathogen defense. In the lung, its receptor, IL-22Ra1, is only found on epithelial cells and is rapidly induced in response to damage of the lung epithelium. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that IL-22Ra1 is induced during influenza infection on pulmonary epithelial and progenitor cells, allowing for enhanced sensitivity to IL-22. We have found this induction to be TLR3 and STAT1 dependent. In vivo, bronchial brushings from H1N1 infected mice (PR/8/34) mice demonstrate that Il-22ra1 is rapidly induced in the airways following infection. This occurs in a STAT1 dependent manner as upregulation does not occur in STAT1-/- mice in vivo or following STAT1 inhibition in vitro. This pathway is important as IL-22 treatment induces expression of tight junction transcripts both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we believe this induction of IL-22Ra1 is critical for the survival of lung progenitor cells as we have data showing that over 80% of basal cells express Il-22ra1 in the naïve lung. Furthermore, we have developed a lung organoid model and upon treatment with IL-22, organoid size was significantly increased after seven days as evidenced by measurement and BrdU incorporation. Overall, our data shows that IL-22Ra1 is highly induced after injury and subsequent treatment with IL-22 is essential for altering tight junctions and promoting lung repair. / 1 / Kelly Douglas Hebert II

Methadone is the foremost, long-standing pharmacological treatment for opioid addiction. It has been shown to have considerable cost benefit to the community and to decrease mortality. Despite methadone's decades-long use, much is still unknown regarding its clinical pharmacology, particularly during the induction phase of Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT). Contrary to previous reports, I found systemic methadone clearance does not increase significantly between induction and steady state phases of MMT, and did not approach the previously reported 3-fold increase. Clinical dose prescription based on the premise of metabolism auto-induction could increase risk of respiratory depression. Significant differences between R- and S-methadone pharmacokinetics showed the importance of stereoselective measurement in a clinical situation and significant plasma concentration-effect relationships demonstrated their potential influence on induction pharmacodynamics. Small increases in CYP3A4 activity as measured by the Erythromycin Breath Test from Day 1 to Day 40 of MMT were not correlated with changes in methadone clearance. CYP3A4 activities were informative but would be insufficient for use as a sole predictor of methadone clearance during MMT. Clinically significant respiratory depression occurred in 20% of subjects, at times of peak plasma R-methadone concentrations, after reports of withdrawal symptoms at pre-dose sampling times, and irrespective of illicit opioid use. Utilisation of both respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation measurements provided a good indication of respiratory risk for individuals. Although prior opioid use was a strong predictor of continued use during MMT, adoption of a new equation ("abc") and comprehensive documentation of each individual's MMT may increase prediction of MMT success. Even in light of recent advances in opioid substitution therapies, MMT's advantages ensure it is still at the forefront of addiction treatment. Careful choice of methodology enabled narrowing of this investigation to those factors most relevant in methadone pharmacology and most responsible for MMT success or failure, and therefore extending previous knowledge of this area. Such data might be utilised to develop a clinically applicable model for MMT, and help provide clients with a safe and uncomplicated transition from heroin use to methadone induction in the future. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1269301 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- School of Medical Sciences, 2007

Most companies today are working in a global environment where competition is hard. In order to be able to survive it is essential that the companies utilise their resources as much as possible in order to keep the production cost low. Maintenance plays a crucial role because of its impact on availability, reliability, quality and life cycle cost (LCC). However, being able to use maintenance proactively so as to increase the utilisation of the production process resources requires access to proper tools and methods for deciding on what maintenance to use and to follow up maintenance impact. Consequently, the overall research problem discussed in the thesis is: How to select a maintenance policy and follow up its performance with respect to cost-effectiveness in order to improve company profitability. In order to solve this overall research problem it has been broken down into four research questions R1: How can different approaches intended for maintaining or improving production process performance assist in the identification, analysis, elimination and prevention of recurrence of problems in a production process?, R2: How should maintenance be selected on the basis of cost-effectiveness?, R3: How should the technical and financial performance of maintenance be measured in order to enable cost-effective improvements? and R4: How to access relevant data required for cost-effective decisions in maintenance?. The philosophical basis applied in the work presented in this thesis is systems theory. When looking at maintenance, it is necessary to have a wide perspective and also see the interaction between maintenance and other relevant working areas. The major contributions that have been achieved and reported in the thesis are: 1. A literature review regarding current approach abilities to identify, analyse and prevent the recurrence of problems, 2. The development of a conceptual model for measuring the maintenance impact through a set of key performance indicators indicating where and how much to invest in maintenance., 3. The development of a maintenance support system for measuring the economic/financial impact of maintenance on both operative and strategic levels, 4. The development of a model for selecting and improving maintenance policies based on cost-effectiveness. The model presented is characterised by being flexible, in the meaning that it is possible to make a selection among any types of maintenance policies., 5. The definition and description of a common database containing relevant data for maintenance management and 6. Results from an exploratory study regarding IT maturity within maintenance management in Swedish industry are presented. The main conclusion of the thesis is that the tools and methods described in this thesis can represent important elements in a system to continuously and cost-effectively improve maintenance performance and thereby better utilise the resources in the production process.

The present dissertation examined the language use, proficiency and beliefs of child heritage language learners (HLLs) from Spanish and Chinese heritage language (HL) backgrounds exposed to English as a second language (L2) upon school entry (N=63). Data were collected via HL and L2 proficiency measures and a semi-structured interview and pictorial measure, during the primary years, a period noted for HL loss (Wong Fillmore, 1991). Study 1 focused on patterns of language input and use in children’s lives. Children mostly used L2 in their activities and in their interactions with siblings, cousins and peers. With parents, grandparents and older relatives, children mostly used HL. Study 2 investigated children’s proficiency and changes in proficiency across HL and L2 language and literacy domains. Children appraised their HL oral language skills at low to moderate levels, and viewed their HL literacy skills as very low. Contrarily, their appraisals of L2 skills were uniformly high across all domains. Children demonstrated limited HL proficiency, whereas they demonstrated moderate L2 skills in all domains. Concordance between perceived and demonstrated proficiency was low, with only one in three children accurate in their self-evaluations. While children indicated loss, stability and growth in their HL skills equally, most children indicated growth in L2 skills since beginning school. Children demonstrated growth in HL oral language and reading and in all L2 domains. Qualitative analysis indicated that children overwhelmingly referenced markers of language and literacy skill in explanations of their appraisals. Other attributions for proficiency and changes in proficiency included assistance from others, different learning approaches, the influence of language environments, and feedback received from others. Study 3 investigated children’s affects and beliefs in relation to HL and L2 situations. Positive affect was associated with listening and speaking HL in the home context, and with L2 across all domains and contexts. Skill in the domain or language was a common rationale for children’s affective responses to language and literacy situations. Children also associated their affect with interest in the target domain/language, availability of assistance, membership in language groups and the influence of language environments. Considerations for further research with this population and recommendations for relevant parties are discussed.

The present dissertation examined the language use, proficiency and beliefs of child heritage language learners (HLLs) from Spanish and Chinese heritage language (HL) backgrounds exposed to English as a second language (L2) upon school entry (N=63). Data were collected via HL and L2 proficiency measures and a semi-structured interview and pictorial measure, during the primary years, a period noted for HL loss (Wong Fillmore, 1991). Study 1 focused on patterns of language input and use in children’s lives. Children mostly used L2 in their activities and in their interactions with siblings, cousins and peers. With parents, grandparents and older relatives, children mostly used HL. Study 2 investigated children’s proficiency and changes in proficiency across HL and L2 language and literacy domains. Children appraised their HL oral language skills at low to moderate levels, and viewed their HL literacy skills as very low. Contrarily, their appraisals of L2 skills were uniformly high across all domains. Children demonstrated limited HL proficiency, whereas they demonstrated moderate L2 skills in all domains. Concordance between perceived and demonstrated proficiency was low, with only one in three children accurate in their self-evaluations. While children indicated loss, stability and growth in their HL skills equally, most children indicated growth in L2 skills since beginning school. Children demonstrated growth in HL oral language and reading and in all L2 domains. Qualitative analysis indicated that children overwhelmingly referenced markers of language and literacy skill in explanations of their appraisals. Other attributions for proficiency and changes in proficiency included assistance from others, different learning approaches, the influence of language environments, and feedback received from others. Study 3 investigated children’s affects and beliefs in relation to HL and L2 situations. Positive affect was associated with listening and speaking HL in the home context, and with L2 across all domains and contexts. Skill in the domain or language was a common rationale for children’s affective responses to language and literacy situations. Children also associated their affect with interest in the target domain/language, availability of assistance, membership in language groups and the influence of language environments. Considerations for further research with this population and recommendations for relevant parties are discussed.