As paradas planejadas gerais nas indústrias papeleiras, normalmente realizadas anualmente, são fundamentais devido ao processo produtivo e estratégicas para a competitividade no setor. Face à sofisticação dos equipamentos e instalações, denotando intervenções complexas e de grande porte, altos custos e riscos potenciais de acidentes e danos ambientais, procura-se uma caracterização desses eventos como grandes empreendimentos. Esses, fazem parte da estratégia de manutenção definida para a planta fabril, sendo gerenciados pela equipe de manutenção que atua voltada a disponibilidade, confiabilidade, qualidade e produtividade. Neste sentido, este trabalho desenvolve uma sistemática de manutenção para o gerenciamento e controle das paradas planejadas gerais em processos de produção de celulose e papel, com a finalidade de facilitar e promover o sucesso na execução de todas as atividades e etapas envolvidas. Para isso, contextualiza-se o setor e as paradas planejadas; são revisados os principais conceitos, técnicas, práticas e ferramentas características à gestão da manutenção, qualidade e conhecimento; são estudadas abordagens específicas voltadas aos processos de produção contínua; é verificada uma prática empresarial do setor e; finalmente, é proposta uma sistemática fundamentada nestas pesquisas. Como principais benefícios observam-se: a sinergia entre as equipes de manutenção e operação; a valorização da manutenção na gestão do processo produtivo; a competitividade do negócio; a otimização dos recursos e as alavancagens de produtividade. / The general planned stops within the paper industries, once in the year as a rule, are due to the productive process and competitiveness strategies in that business sector. Current sofistified equipments and facilities call for complex and significant interventions. Because high costs involved and potential risks of both accidents and environmental nature damage, those events are characterized as important projects. They are part of the strategy defined for the manufacturing plant, thus being managed by the maintenance team focusing availability, reliability, quality and productivity. In view of such scenario, this paper develops a maintenance system addressing the management and control of planned stops within the cellulose pulp and paper production processes. The scope is to facilitate and promote the success when carrying out all the activities involved. Therefore, the context of the sector and planned stops is discussed; the main concepts, techniques, practices and tools specific to the management of maintenance, quality and knowledge are reviewed; approaches specific to the continuous production processes are studied; business practices within the sector are analyzed, and, finally, a systemic approach proposal is made grounded on the preceding research. The most important benefits observed were: the achievement of synergy among the maintenance and production teams; the true understanding of the maintenance value in the productive process; the business competitiveness; resources optimization as well as productivity boosting.

As paradas planejadas gerais nas indústrias papeleiras, normalmente realizadas anualmente, são fundamentais devido ao processo produtivo e estratégicas para a competitividade no setor. Face à sofisticação dos equipamentos e instalações, denotando intervenções complexas e de grande porte, altos custos e riscos potenciais de acidentes e danos ambientais, procura-se uma caracterização desses eventos como grandes empreendimentos. Esses, fazem parte da estratégia de manutenção definida para a planta fabril, sendo gerenciados pela equipe de manutenção que atua voltada a disponibilidade, confiabilidade, qualidade e produtividade. Neste sentido, este trabalho desenvolve uma sistemática de manutenção para o gerenciamento e controle das paradas planejadas gerais em processos de produção de celulose e papel, com a finalidade de facilitar e promover o sucesso na execução de todas as atividades e etapas envolvidas. Para isso, contextualiza-se o setor e as paradas planejadas; são revisados os principais conceitos, técnicas, práticas e ferramentas características à gestão da manutenção, qualidade e conhecimento; são estudadas abordagens específicas voltadas aos processos de produção contínua; é verificada uma prática empresarial do setor e; finalmente, é proposta uma sistemática fundamentada nestas pesquisas. Como principais benefícios observam-se: a sinergia entre as equipes de manutenção e operação; a valorização da manutenção na gestão do processo produtivo; a competitividade do negócio; a otimização dos recursos e as alavancagens de produtividade. / The general planned stops within the paper industries, once in the year as a rule, are due to the productive process and competitiveness strategies in that business sector. Current sofistified equipments and facilities call for complex and significant interventions. Because high costs involved and potential risks of both accidents and environmental nature damage, those events are characterized as important projects. They are part of the strategy defined for the manufacturing plant, thus being managed by the maintenance team focusing availability, reliability, quality and productivity. In view of such scenario, this paper develops a maintenance system addressing the management and control of planned stops within the cellulose pulp and paper production processes. The scope is to facilitate and promote the success when carrying out all the activities involved. Therefore, the context of the sector and planned stops is discussed; the main concepts, techniques, practices and tools specific to the management of maintenance, quality and knowledge are reviewed; approaches specific to the continuous production processes are studied; business practices within the sector are analyzed, and, finally, a systemic approach proposal is made grounded on the preceding research. The most important benefits observed were: the achievement of synergy among the maintenance and production teams; the true understanding of the maintenance value in the productive process; the business competitiveness; resources optimization as well as productivity boosting.

The objective of conducting primary research for the Summit Place Apartment Homes is to create a profile of people that are presently living in Summit Place. When dealing with apartment properties, marketing plans are definitely a necessity, as well as a good crisis plan. The residents' main concerns were safety and better customer service.

Die Nutzung von Umgebungsenergie ermöglicht bei einer zunehmenden Anzahl von Anwendungen drahtloser Sensorknoten eine autarke Energieversorgung. Wartungseingriffe sowie unvorhergesehene Energieengpässe begrenzen den autarken Einsatz derartiger Sensorknoten oder erfordern eine deutliche Überdimensionierung der Energy Harvester und Energiespeicher. Anwendungen, wie der Einsatz in unzugänglichen Bereichen, Sensornetzwerken mit einer großen Anzahl von Knoten oder sehr kleinen Knoten / Smart Dust, können unwirtschaftlich werden, wenn kein wartungsfreier Betrieb gewährleistet werden kann. Erreicht ein drahtloser Sensorknoten einen energetisch niedrigen Zustand, ist es für einen erneuten Start erforderlich, dass zusätzlich zu einer ausreichenden Spannung genügend Energie für den Startvorgang zur Verfügung steht. Bei zu zeitiger Aktivierung wird der Startvorgang aufgrund der einbrechenden Spannung nicht abgeschlossen und verhindert die Aufnahme des Betriebs. Ein Voltage Supervisor wird benötigt, um den Startvorgang so lange zu verzögern, bis ausreichend Energie für diesen zur Verfügung steht. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Voltage Supervisor für das Energiemanagement umgebungsenergieversorgter Sensorknoten vorgeschlagen. Die Herausforderungen liegen in der Realisierung einer definierten Abschalt- und Startcharakteristik, auch bei langsamen oder variablen Spannungsanstiegen, in der Implementierung einer Kaltstartfähigkeit und im zuverlässigen Schaltverhalten unter widrigen Umgebungsbedingungen oder niedrigem Energieeintrag. Für eine hohe Effizienz wird bei jeder Spannung ein geringer Eigenleistungsverbrauch gefordert. Im Ergebnis wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, welches einen zuverlässigen wartungsfreien Betrieb ermöglicht. Funktionen, wie die Abschaltung des Mikrocontrollers nach Erledigung der Aufgabe, ermöglichen darüber hinaus, weniger Energie als im Schlafmodus zu verbrauchen. Mit dieser Methode kann ein intermittierender Betrieb in Abhängigkeit der verfügbaren Energie realisiert werden. Simulation, experimentelle Untersuchung und die Einbettung in einen umgebungsversorgten drahtlosen Sensorknoten validieren die Funktionsfähigkeit unter allen gestellten Anforderungen. Der mittlere Eigenleistungsverbrauch der vorgeschlagenen Schaltung liegt bei 5,58 µW. Bei niedrigen Spannungen von 0 V – 1,4 V werden lediglich 568 nW benötigt. / The use of ambient energy enables an autonomous energy supply for an increasing number of wireless sensor node applications. Maintenance interventions or unforeseen energy input drops limit the autonomous use of such sensor nodes or require significantly oversized energy harvesters and energy storages. Applications such as the use in inaccessible areas, sensor networks with a large number of nodes or very small nodes / Smart Dust can become uneconomical, if no maintenance-free operation can be guaranteed. If a wireless sensor node reaches an energetically low state, it is necessary for a restart, that sufficient voltage and in addition sufficient energy is available for the starting process. In the case of too early activation, the starting process will not be completed due to the voltage drop and will prevent the start of operation. A Voltage Supervisor is required to delay the start until sufficient energy is available. Within the scope of this thesis, a voltage supervisor for the energy management of environmental-powered wireless sensor nodes is proposed. The challenges are in the realization of a defined switch-off and start characteristic even with slow or variable voltage slopes, a cold start capability and in reliable behaviour under adverse environmental conditions or low energy input. For high efficiency, a low power consumption is required at every voltage. As result, a concept is presented which enables reliable maintenance-free operation. In addition, the microcontroller can switch itself off completely after completion of the task and thus consume even less energy than in sleep mode. With this method, intermittent operation depending on the available energy, can be realized as well. Simulation, experimental investigation and inclusion in an energy harvesting supplied wireless sensor node validate the functionality under all given conditions. The average power consumption of the proposed circuit is 5.58 µW. At low voltages in the range 0 V - 1.4 V only 568 nW are required.