O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da implantação dos métodos do modelo de gestão denominado mentalidade enxuta em processo de colheita mecanizada, transferência e transporte de cana de açúcar e da colheita mecanizada e transporte de eucalipto. As avaliações foram realizadas em duas usinas de cana de açúcar, localizadas no Estado do Paraná e São Paulo e em Unidade Florestal para fornecimento de matéria prima à indústria de produção de placas de fibras a partir do eucalipto. O estudo foi desenvolvido com o mapeamento de processo, levantamento de dados para modelagem em sistema computacional para simulação de eventos discretos, mapeamento do fluxo de valor nos estados presente e em cenário proposto com melhorias denominado estado futuro, o qual é simulado para avaliação. Foi identificada a possibilidade de obtenção de melhor desempenho em termos de eficiência e produtividade fazendo uso da avaliação seguindo os conceitos da metodologia, conforme resultados das simulações. Concluiu-se que o emprego dos métodos pode contribuir para obtenção de melhores resultados nas atividades analisadas por meio da redução dos desperdícios. / This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the implementation of methods from management model called lean thinking in mechanical harvesting, transfer and transport of sugar cane and mechanical harvest and transport of eucalyptus processes. The evaluations were carried out in two sugar cane mills, located in the state of Paraná and São Paulo and Forestry Unit to supply raw material from eucalyptus to fiberboards production industry. The study was performed by process mapping, data collection for modeling in computer system for discrete event simulation, value stream mapping in present state and proposed improved scenario called future state, which was simulated for evaluation. It has been identified the possibility of obtaining better performance in terms of efficiency and productivity, according to the results of the simulations, making use of the methodology concepts. It has been concluded that the use of the methods could help to achieve better results in the activities analyzed by the waste reduction.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-161). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-161). Also available on the Internet.

Agricultural intensification has contributed to the degradation of freshwaters in the UK, through enhanced delivery of fine sediment and associated contaminants, leading to sedimentation and eutrophication. European legislation (Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC) and subsequent UK government initiatives such as Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF) and Demonstration Test Catchments (DTC), aim to improve the quality of freshwaters. The DTC programme aims to find cost-effective ways to reduce agricultural diffuse water pollution. This study aimed to monitor rivers in the Hampshire Avon DTC with existing and planned mitigation measures, to measure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures, and to develop an experimental design for wider application for pollution mitigation. The methods used and tested in this study were a combination of affordable, replicable and sustainable methods (in-stream sediment collection and water quality monitoring), more complicated, expensive, analytical laboratory methods (particle size, loss-on-ignition, geochemistry, mineral magnetism, environmental radionuclides), and sediment source fingerprinting. The mitigation measures were: improvement to farm infrastructure, a wooded and a grassed riparian buffer, and a constructed wetland and in-stream pond treatment train. The improved farm infrastructure (resurfacing of a farm track, installation of a retention pond, improvements to a drainage ditch) effectively reduced inputs of sediment and associated contaminants to the river, however, this had little positive impact on the river due to greater importance of inputs from other sources. The riparian buffers were reducing fine sediment and associated contaminant inputs laterally and from upstream, however, the effectiveness of the riparian buffers was undermined by a lack of riparian buffers upstream and by sub-surface field drains. Combined analysis of the river from the farm infrastructure in the headwaters (farm scale) to the wooded riparian buffer downstream (sub-catchment scale) showed a change in the dominant source of sediment. This highlighted that an experimental design would require monitoring at varying spatial scales, as individual farm scale mitigation measures may have little impact on an entire sub-catchment due to the importance of other sources from a larger drainage area. The constructed wetland and instream pond were not effective at reducing longitudinal delivery of fine sediment and associated contaminants due to issues related to maintenance and design, emphasising the importance of appropriate targeting, design, and maintenance of mitigation measures. The results from this study showed that the methods used would be suitable as part of an experimental design for wider application. Although complex and expensive, sediment source fingerprinting is essential for determining appropriate and cost-effective mitigation at farm and sub-catchment scales. Monitoring of the sediment and water quality using the affordable, replicable and sustainable methods could be managed by farmers and landowners across a dense spatial area, at a high temporal frequency, to ensure sustainable effectiveness of mitigation. There is a need for more co-working between policy makers and scientists to ensure appropriate funding and timescales for research are provided, and with farmers and landowners to improve understanding and vested interest in the contribution of agriculture to the degradation of water quality.

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da implantação dos métodos do modelo de gestão denominado mentalidade enxuta em processo de colheita mecanizada, transferência e transporte de cana de açúcar e da colheita mecanizada e transporte de eucalipto. As avaliações foram realizadas em duas usinas de cana de açúcar, localizadas no Estado do Paraná e São Paulo e em Unidade Florestal para fornecimento de matéria prima à indústria de produção de placas de fibras a partir do eucalipto. O estudo foi desenvolvido com o mapeamento de processo, levantamento de dados para modelagem em sistema computacional para simulação de eventos discretos, mapeamento do fluxo de valor nos estados presente e em cenário proposto com melhorias denominado estado futuro, o qual é simulado para avaliação. Foi identificada a possibilidade de obtenção de melhor desempenho em termos de eficiência e produtividade fazendo uso da avaliação seguindo os conceitos da metodologia, conforme resultados das simulações. Concluiu-se que o emprego dos métodos pode contribuir para obtenção de melhores resultados nas atividades analisadas por meio da redução dos desperdícios. / This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the implementation of methods from management model called lean thinking in mechanical harvesting, transfer and transport of sugar cane and mechanical harvest and transport of eucalyptus processes. The evaluations were carried out in two sugar cane mills, located in the state of Paraná and São Paulo and Forestry Unit to supply raw material from eucalyptus to fiberboards production industry. The study was performed by process mapping, data collection for modeling in computer system for discrete event simulation, value stream mapping in present state and proposed improved scenario called future state, which was simulated for evaluation. It has been identified the possibility of obtaining better performance in terms of efficiency and productivity, according to the results of the simulations, making use of the methodology concepts. It has been concluded that the use of the methods could help to achieve better results in the activities analyzed by the waste reduction.

This study attempts to capture the role and limits of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana state in implementing a set of reforms directed at the contradictions of uneven development, created by itself. This was undertaken on the basis of an internal hegemony perpetrated upon the rural masses, political patronage, and the role of the land-grabbing elite in supporting the regime on the basis of the resilience of its power. The realization that the Bophuthatswana state lacked the legitimacy, politically required to meet the aspirations of the majority of the people, in respect to sustained development on a democratic basis and, owing to a lack of popular support, resulted in a state which suffered from a fiscal, administrative and discontinuity crisis.The agrarian crisis was characterized in its objective and subjective dimensions in terms of sharply uneven development among the rural power base and in terms of massive rural poverty and political tensions. On this basis the study attempted to look at the management and role of general agriculture, extension, state veterinary services, training, and the failure of rural development initiatives within the former Bophuthatswana. The research hypothesis of the study was that efficient and effective management of veterinary services in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana were flawed due to the legitimacy crisis in state power. An urgent need thus exists and existed for a unifying framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to explain the fact of underdevelopment, and yet simple enough to provide a set of guidelines that can and could be more specific in historical, geographical and ideological contexts, in order to serve as a basis for policy formulation and political action in an emerging new South Africa.The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of subjecting them to analysis and, in so doing qualitative open-ended interview schedules were utilized. In addition, discussion by the process of interview with personnel within specific organizations in the agricultural sector and other state departments within the administrative services were conducted overtime. In further validating the hypothesis and research objectives, quantitative structured questions were constructed with the study leader and tested with a pilot group. Field work was conducted at selected sites within the erstwhile Bophuthatswana. The collection and use of statistical data made available by government institutions at the time was also utilized. These methodologies lent themselves to validating the hypothesis and research objectives. The research findings highlight the outcomes of the research and verify the assertions made in this study. Amongst others, it was found that the Bophuthatswana state, entered into a fiscal administrative and discontinuity crisis from the very beginning of its so-called independence.Land reform and rural development programmes can be effective mechanisms in the creation of social articulation and mass based democratic regimes and that; this was not possible in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana; owing to a host of factors which were articulated and confirmed in the study.The study confirms that extension and training within agricultural development can play a pivotal role in accommodating change through the effective development of human resources. The study further confirms the view that non-formal education, extension, training and agricultural development must be pursued and coordinated, in the interest of a more acceptable society. Finally, the contradictions of the agrarian question and unequal development, against the equation of food and massive poverty, can only be expected to deepen in this region of South Africa. The study concludes with a host of recommendations for veterinary services reform, and for further research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

A presente dissertação constitui-se num estudo de caso que versa acerca da utilização da tecnologia GIS (Geographic Information System) no processo de inspeção agrícola. A pesquisa teve o caráter exploratório com metodologia qualitativa, tendo como técnicas de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica, a fim de identificar os conceitos atinentes ao tema, análise documental, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação de campo. O significativo e constante crescimento da citricultura paulista no cenário mundial do agronegócio reforça a necessidade de se criar mecanismos para controle e desenvolvimento da atividade. Dessa forma, o referido estudo apresenta a compreensão e análise da utilização de uma tecnologia baseada em sistema de informação geográfica (software livre), desenvolvido por um centro nacional de pesquisa agropecuária, aplicada ao processo de inspeção citrícola de um instituto de pesquisa em citros, localizado na cidade de Araraquara, no Estado de São Paulo. / This work is based on a study of case about the use of the GIS (Geographic Information System) at the process of agricultural inspection. The research was an exploration using the qualitative methodology based on the bibliography review in order to identify the concepts of the theme, documental analyses, semi structured interviews and environmental research. A constant fairly increasing of the paulista citriculture worldwide reinforces the necessity of the creation of a mechanism to control and develop the activity. This way, the mentioned study presents comprehension and analyses of the technology utilization based on a geographic information system (free software), developed by a national center of agropecure research, applied to the process of citric inspection in an institute of research in citric placed in Araraquara in São Paulo state, Brazil.

This study attempts to capture the role and limits of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana state in implementing a set of reforms directed at the contradictions of uneven development, created by itself. This was undertaken on the basis of an internal hegemony perpetrated upon the rural masses, political patronage, and the role of the land-grabbing elite in supporting the regime on the basis of the resilience of its power. The realization that the Bophuthatswana state lacked the legitimacy, politically required to meet the aspirations of the majority of the people, in respect to sustained development on a democratic basis and, owing to a lack of popular support, resulted in a state which suffered from a fiscal, administrative and discontinuity crisis.The agrarian crisis was characterized in its objective and subjective dimensions in terms of sharply uneven development among the rural power base and in terms of massive rural poverty and political tensions. On this basis the study attempted to look at the management and role of general agriculture, extension, state veterinary services, training, and the failure of rural development initiatives within the former Bophuthatswana. The research hypothesis of the study was that efficient and effective management of veterinary services in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana were flawed due to the legitimacy crisis in state power. An urgent need thus exists and existed for a unifying framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to explain the fact of underdevelopment, and yet simple enough to provide a set of guidelines that can and could be more specific in historical, geographical and ideological contexts, in order to serve as a basis for policy formulation and political action in an emerging new South Africa.The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of subjecting them to analysis and, in so doing qualitative open-ended interview schedules were utilized. In addition, discussion by the process of interview with personnel within specific organizations in the agricultural sector and other state departments within the administrative services were conducted overtime. In further validating the hypothesis and research objectives, quantitative structured questions were constructed with the study leader and tested with a pilot group. Field work was conducted at selected sites within the erstwhile Bophuthatswana. The collection and use of statistical data made available by government institutions at the time was also utilized. These methodologies lent themselves to validating the hypothesis and research objectives. The research findings highlight the outcomes of the research and verify the assertions made in this study. Amongst others, it was found that the Bophuthatswana state, entered into a fiscal administrative and discontinuity crisis from the very beginning of its so-called independence.Land reform and rural development programmes can be effective mechanisms in the creation of social articulation and mass based democratic regimes and that; this was not possible in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana; owing to a host of factors which were articulated and confirmed in the study.The study confirms that extension and training within agricultural development can play a pivotal role in accommodating change through the effective development of human resources. The study further confirms the view that non-formal education, extension, training and agricultural development must be pursued and coordinated, in the interest of a more acceptable society. Finally, the contradictions of the agrarian question and unequal development, against the equation of food and massive poverty, can only be expected to deepen in this region of South Africa. The study concludes with a host of recommendations for veterinary services reform, and for further research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

A presente dissertação constitui-se num estudo de caso que versa acerca da utilização da tecnologia GIS (Geographic Information System) no processo de inspeção agrícola. A pesquisa teve o caráter exploratório com metodologia qualitativa, tendo como técnicas de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica, a fim de identificar os conceitos atinentes ao tema, análise documental, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação de campo. O significativo e constante crescimento da citricultura paulista no cenário mundial do agronegócio reforça a necessidade de se criar mecanismos para controle e desenvolvimento da atividade. Dessa forma, o referido estudo apresenta a compreensão e análise da utilização de uma tecnologia baseada em sistema de informação geográfica (software livre), desenvolvido por um centro nacional de pesquisa agropecuária, aplicada ao processo de inspeção citrícola de um instituto de pesquisa em citros, localizado na cidade de Araraquara, no Estado de São Paulo. / This work is based on a study of case about the use of the GIS (Geographic Information System) at the process of agricultural inspection. The research was an exploration using the qualitative methodology based on the bibliography review in order to identify the concepts of the theme, documental analyses, semi structured interviews and environmental research. A constant fairly increasing of the paulista citriculture worldwide reinforces the necessity of the creation of a mechanism to control and develop the activity. This way, the mentioned study presents comprehension and analyses of the technology utilization based on a geographic information system (free software), developed by a national center of agropecure research, applied to the process of citric inspection in an institute of research in citric placed in Araraquara in São Paulo state, Brazil.

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