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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hard habits to break : investigating coastal resource utilisations and management systems in Sulawesi, Indonesia : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science at the University of Canterbury /

Idrus, Muhammad Rijal. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-239). Also available via the World Wide Web.
2

Nongovernmental organizations role in the establishment of resource management areas in Richmond County and Mathews County /

Cook, Stephen T. January 1991 (has links)
Major paper (M.U.A.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60). Also available via the Internet.
3

Indivíduos, instituições e natureza : princípio epistêmico e marco analítico-conceitual para a gestão de recursos pesqueiros

Soares, Ana Luísa de Souza January 2014 (has links)
Apesar dos esforços para a gestão e manejo quanto ao uso e apropriação dos recursos pesqueiros, observa-se que a maioria das populações pesqueiras encontra-se em estado de sobre-explotação. Consequentemente, questiona-se a adequação dos princípios norteadores de gestão pesqueira, propostos pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO). Dada a complexidade de conexões e interações firmadas entre elementos ecossistêmicos e socioeconômicos, propõe-se o estabelecimento do princípio epistêmico da complexidade e um marco analítico-conceitual que reintegre o indivíduo à natureza, como um conhecimento pelo qual se tenha uma forma alternativa de interpretação e compreensão da institucionalização do pensamento e de práxis sobre o ambiente, e das mudanças em processo, dos mesmos, quanto ao uso e apropriação de recursos naturais. Incorporando a consciência reflexiva e crítica, por desdobramentos dialéticos, e pelo exercício no uso dos princípios: dialógico, recursivo e hologramático; construiu-se um arcabouço teórico no qual se atribui significado ao indivíduo, as instituições e a natureza sustentada por argumentos de natureza filosófica, especificamente na ontologia do tempo de Henri Bergson. Daí se conclui que a unidade e conformidade dos comportamentos individuais e a manutenção da práxis sobre a natureza se registra na institucionalização do conhecimento, dos significados e seus simbolismos, nos modelos representativos da natureza que são aprendidos e transmitidos através da cultura, enquanto “simbologia aglutinadora”. Enquanto que a mudança em processo, que se expressa na criatividade e na inovação dos comportamentos individuais, resulta da atualização dos significados atribuídos ao real, apreendido pelo tempo experienciado, que atualiza a memória histórico-cultural pela percepção e apreensão de que o fenômeno presente se diferencia do passado por uma multiplicidade que lhe confere qualidades distintas daquele, tornando-os não semelhantes apenas equivalentes. / Despite efforts to improve management and handling of the use and appropriation of fish as a resource, most sources are over exploited. As a result, the validity of the principles guiding fishing management that were put forward by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is called into question. Given the complexity of the connections and interactions that exist between ecosystemic and socioeconomic elements, this doctoral dissertation proposes the establishment of the epistemic principle of complexity and an analytical-conceptual framework that reinstate the individual in nature, as a knowledge through which there is an alternative form of interpretation and understanding of the institutionalization of thinking and praxis around the environment, and of the changes underway, concerning the use and appropriation of natural resources. In integrating the reflective and critical conscious, through dialectical unfoldings and the use of the dialogic, recursive and holographic principles; a theoretical framework is set up in which meaning to the individual, institutions and nature is assigned, these three being supported by arguments of philosophical nature, specifically based on the ontology of time of Henri Bergson. From this it can be concluded that the unity and conformity of individual behaviors and the continued effects of praxis on nature are registered in the institutionalization of knowledge, of meanings and its symbolisms, and in the representative models of nature that are learned and transmitted through culture, as "unifying symbology". Whereas the change that is underway, which expresses itself in the creativity and innovation of individual behaviors, results from updated meanings that are attributed to the real, and learned from time experienced, which updates the historical and cultural memory through the perception and understanding that the present phenomenon differentiates itself from the past by a multiplicity that gives the former distinct qualities from the latter, making them not similar but rather equivalent.
4

Indivíduos, instituições e natureza : princípio epistêmico e marco analítico-conceitual para a gestão de recursos pesqueiros

Soares, Ana Luísa de Souza January 2014 (has links)
Apesar dos esforços para a gestão e manejo quanto ao uso e apropriação dos recursos pesqueiros, observa-se que a maioria das populações pesqueiras encontra-se em estado de sobre-explotação. Consequentemente, questiona-se a adequação dos princípios norteadores de gestão pesqueira, propostos pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO). Dada a complexidade de conexões e interações firmadas entre elementos ecossistêmicos e socioeconômicos, propõe-se o estabelecimento do princípio epistêmico da complexidade e um marco analítico-conceitual que reintegre o indivíduo à natureza, como um conhecimento pelo qual se tenha uma forma alternativa de interpretação e compreensão da institucionalização do pensamento e de práxis sobre o ambiente, e das mudanças em processo, dos mesmos, quanto ao uso e apropriação de recursos naturais. Incorporando a consciência reflexiva e crítica, por desdobramentos dialéticos, e pelo exercício no uso dos princípios: dialógico, recursivo e hologramático; construiu-se um arcabouço teórico no qual se atribui significado ao indivíduo, as instituições e a natureza sustentada por argumentos de natureza filosófica, especificamente na ontologia do tempo de Henri Bergson. Daí se conclui que a unidade e conformidade dos comportamentos individuais e a manutenção da práxis sobre a natureza se registra na institucionalização do conhecimento, dos significados e seus simbolismos, nos modelos representativos da natureza que são aprendidos e transmitidos através da cultura, enquanto “simbologia aglutinadora”. Enquanto que a mudança em processo, que se expressa na criatividade e na inovação dos comportamentos individuais, resulta da atualização dos significados atribuídos ao real, apreendido pelo tempo experienciado, que atualiza a memória histórico-cultural pela percepção e apreensão de que o fenômeno presente se diferencia do passado por uma multiplicidade que lhe confere qualidades distintas daquele, tornando-os não semelhantes apenas equivalentes. / Despite efforts to improve management and handling of the use and appropriation of fish as a resource, most sources are over exploited. As a result, the validity of the principles guiding fishing management that were put forward by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is called into question. Given the complexity of the connections and interactions that exist between ecosystemic and socioeconomic elements, this doctoral dissertation proposes the establishment of the epistemic principle of complexity and an analytical-conceptual framework that reinstate the individual in nature, as a knowledge through which there is an alternative form of interpretation and understanding of the institutionalization of thinking and praxis around the environment, and of the changes underway, concerning the use and appropriation of natural resources. In integrating the reflective and critical conscious, through dialectical unfoldings and the use of the dialogic, recursive and holographic principles; a theoretical framework is set up in which meaning to the individual, institutions and nature is assigned, these three being supported by arguments of philosophical nature, specifically based on the ontology of time of Henri Bergson. From this it can be concluded that the unity and conformity of individual behaviors and the continued effects of praxis on nature are registered in the institutionalization of knowledge, of meanings and its symbolisms, and in the representative models of nature that are learned and transmitted through culture, as "unifying symbology". Whereas the change that is underway, which expresses itself in the creativity and innovation of individual behaviors, results from updated meanings that are attributed to the real, and learned from time experienced, which updates the historical and cultural memory through the perception and understanding that the present phenomenon differentiates itself from the past by a multiplicity that gives the former distinct qualities from the latter, making them not similar but rather equivalent.
5

Indivíduos, instituições e natureza : princípio epistêmico e marco analítico-conceitual para a gestão de recursos pesqueiros

Soares, Ana Luísa de Souza January 2014 (has links)
Apesar dos esforços para a gestão e manejo quanto ao uso e apropriação dos recursos pesqueiros, observa-se que a maioria das populações pesqueiras encontra-se em estado de sobre-explotação. Consequentemente, questiona-se a adequação dos princípios norteadores de gestão pesqueira, propostos pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO). Dada a complexidade de conexões e interações firmadas entre elementos ecossistêmicos e socioeconômicos, propõe-se o estabelecimento do princípio epistêmico da complexidade e um marco analítico-conceitual que reintegre o indivíduo à natureza, como um conhecimento pelo qual se tenha uma forma alternativa de interpretação e compreensão da institucionalização do pensamento e de práxis sobre o ambiente, e das mudanças em processo, dos mesmos, quanto ao uso e apropriação de recursos naturais. Incorporando a consciência reflexiva e crítica, por desdobramentos dialéticos, e pelo exercício no uso dos princípios: dialógico, recursivo e hologramático; construiu-se um arcabouço teórico no qual se atribui significado ao indivíduo, as instituições e a natureza sustentada por argumentos de natureza filosófica, especificamente na ontologia do tempo de Henri Bergson. Daí se conclui que a unidade e conformidade dos comportamentos individuais e a manutenção da práxis sobre a natureza se registra na institucionalização do conhecimento, dos significados e seus simbolismos, nos modelos representativos da natureza que são aprendidos e transmitidos através da cultura, enquanto “simbologia aglutinadora”. Enquanto que a mudança em processo, que se expressa na criatividade e na inovação dos comportamentos individuais, resulta da atualização dos significados atribuídos ao real, apreendido pelo tempo experienciado, que atualiza a memória histórico-cultural pela percepção e apreensão de que o fenômeno presente se diferencia do passado por uma multiplicidade que lhe confere qualidades distintas daquele, tornando-os não semelhantes apenas equivalentes. / Despite efforts to improve management and handling of the use and appropriation of fish as a resource, most sources are over exploited. As a result, the validity of the principles guiding fishing management that were put forward by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is called into question. Given the complexity of the connections and interactions that exist between ecosystemic and socioeconomic elements, this doctoral dissertation proposes the establishment of the epistemic principle of complexity and an analytical-conceptual framework that reinstate the individual in nature, as a knowledge through which there is an alternative form of interpretation and understanding of the institutionalization of thinking and praxis around the environment, and of the changes underway, concerning the use and appropriation of natural resources. In integrating the reflective and critical conscious, through dialectical unfoldings and the use of the dialogic, recursive and holographic principles; a theoretical framework is set up in which meaning to the individual, institutions and nature is assigned, these three being supported by arguments of philosophical nature, specifically based on the ontology of time of Henri Bergson. From this it can be concluded that the unity and conformity of individual behaviors and the continued effects of praxis on nature are registered in the institutionalization of knowledge, of meanings and its symbolisms, and in the representative models of nature that are learned and transmitted through culture, as "unifying symbology". Whereas the change that is underway, which expresses itself in the creativity and innovation of individual behaviors, results from updated meanings that are attributed to the real, and learned from time experienced, which updates the historical and cultural memory through the perception and understanding that the present phenomenon differentiates itself from the past by a multiplicity that gives the former distinct qualities from the latter, making them not similar but rather equivalent.
6

Conservation discourses related to natural resource use : local communities and Kruger National Park conservation officers Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Curtayne, Carmen 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a shift by conservation authorities in post-apartheid South Africa away from management strategies based on law enforcement towards strategies aimed at facilitating local community participation in the management of natural resources. South African National Parks has established community forums in order to facilitate better communication with the communities neighbouring it parks, especially around issues of natural resource consumption. However, at its largest Park, the Kruger National Park, a pervasive miscommunication between the Park and the communities appears to exist despite the ongoing activities of its forums. This study attempted to identify what miscommunication, if any, was occurring between three groups of participants in the Conservation Discourse related to the Kruger National Park environment. The participants were (i) South African National Parks (SANParks) conservation managers, (ii) Kruger Park community outreach officials, and, (iii) members of local communities settled on the borders of the Kruger Park. Specifically, the study was interested in how different perceptions of various participants, who also represent different cultural communities, were foregrounded in relation to different communicative goals. It is suggested that an understanding of where the different Discourses diverge can help identify where possible misunderstandings are occurring which may be resulting in communicative problems. My primary research questions were: (1) how do different communities of practice take part in and construct Conservation Discourse related to the Kruger Parks conservation goals, in particular, those related to the use of natural resources; and, (2) how do members of at least three interest groups construct their own identities in relation to conservation matters in the course of various discursive events where SANParks conservation programmes, particularly those related to the use of natural resources, are topicalised. My assumption was that the Parks conservation officers would have a common Conservation Discourse, and that the local communities would have a common discourse but one which deviates entirely from that of the Parks. From 23 September 2008, I conducted three semi-structured interviews with the Parks conservation officers, I was an observer of a Park departmental meeting as well as a Park Forum, and I conducted a focus group with eight members from one of the local communities. This approach enabled me to collect data from a number of different types of communicative events in order to collate a multidimensional picture of the complete Discourse on Conservation. A number of different Conservation Discourses were identified, some of which present significant discrepancies, and which, as in the case of the two of the departments, may be contributing towards what appears to be a serious breakdown in communication. The communities show that while they are supportive of the populist concept of nature conservation, they are completely unaware of the Parks conservation policies. This lack of awareness indicates a failure of the existing communication between the Park and its neighbouring communities despite the Park Forums having been set-up. Finally, the different discourses also appear to be resulting in misunderstandings and feelings of animosity between the different participants. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In post-apartheid Suid-Afrika beweeg bewaringsliggame weg van bestuurstrategieë wat op wetstoepassing gebaseer is, na strategieë wat daarop gemik is om die plaaslike gemeenskap se deelname in die bestuur van natuurlike hulpbronne, te fasiliteer. Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Parke het gemeenskapsforums in die lewe geroep om beter kommunikasie met die gemeenskappe wat aan sy parke grens, te bewerkstellig, veral rakende kwessies rondom die verbruik van natuurlike hulpbronne. By die grootse Park, te wete die Kruger Nasionale Wildtuin, kom dit egter voor asof miskommunikasie endemies is tussen die Park en sy aangrensende inheemse gemeenskappe, ten spyte van die forums se aktiwiteite. Hierdie studie het nagegaan watter miskommunikasie, indien enige, tussen drie groepe deelnemers aan die Bewaringsdiskoerse rondom die Krugerpark, plaasgevind het. Die deelnemers was (i) Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale Parke (SANParke)-bewaringsbestuurders, (ii) Krugerpark Gemeenskapsuitreikbeamptes, en (iii) lede van plaaslike gemeenskappe wat op die grense van Krugerpark gevestig is. Die studie het spesifiek gekyk na hoe verskillende persepsies van die onderskeie deelnemers, wat ook verskillende kulturele gemeenskappe verteenwoordig, in die diskoerse op die voorgrond geplaas is afhangende van verskillende kommunikatiewe doelwitte. Daar word voorgestel dat begrip van waar die verskillende diskoerse uiteenloop, kan help om te identifiseer waar moontlike misverstande wat tot kommunikasie-probleme lei, ontstaan. My primêre navorsingsvrae was: (1) hoe neem verskillende gemeenskappe wat rondom gedeelde praktyke gevestig is deel aan Bewaringsdiskoerse wat die Krugerpark se bewaringsoogmerke (en veral daardie oogmerke wat met die gebruik van natuurlik hulpbronne te make het) en hoe konstrueer hulle daardie Diskoerse; en (2) hoe konstrueer lede van ten minste drie belangegroepe hul eie identiteite vis à vis bewaringskwessies in die loop van verskeie diskursiewe gebeurtenisse waar SANParke se bewaringsprogramme, veral daardie wat met die gebruik van natuurlike hulpbronne te doen het, bespreek word. My aanname was dat die Park se bewaringsbeamptes 'n gemeenskaplike Bewaringsdiskoers sou hê, en dat die plaaslike gemeenskappe 'n gemeenskaplike Diskoers sou hê wat heeltemal van die Park s'n verskil. Ek het van 23 September 2008 drie semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met die Park se bewaringsbeamptes gevoer, ek was 'n nie-deelnemende waarnemer by een van die Park se departementele vergaderings asook by 'n Park Forum, en ek het 'n fokusgroep met agt lede van een van die plaaslike gemeenskappe gelei. Hierdie benadering het my daartoe in staat gestel om data van verskeie tipes kommunikatiewe gebeurtenisse in te samel, om sodoende 'n multi-dimensionele beeld van die volledige Bewaringsdiskoers saam te stel. 'n Aantal verskillende Bewaringsdiskoerse is geïdentifiseer, waarvan party noemenswaardige diskrepansies toon en wat, soos in die geval van die twee departemente, moontlik bydra tot wat lyk na 'n ernstige breuk in kommunikasie. Die gemeenskappe toon dat, hoewel hulle die algemene konsep van natuurbewaring ondersteun, hulle heeltemal onbewus is van die Park se formele bewaringsbeleid. Hierdie gebrek aan 'n bepaalde soort bewussyn dui op mislukking van die bestaande kommunikasiestrukture tussen die Park en aangrensende gemeenskappe, ten spyte van die instelling van die Park Forums. Uiteindelik blyk dit dat die verskillende Diskoerse ook lei tot misverstande en gevoelens van vyandiggesindheid tussen die verskillende deelnemers.
7

Mudanças climáticas futuras simuladas pelos modelos regionais Eta-HadGEM2-ES e Eta-MIROC5 para o estado do Tocantins

Sousa, Rhonan Martins de 26 August 2017 (has links)
O bioma Cerrado está presente em 91% do Estado do Tocantins. Este bioma apresenta elevada riqueza biológica e nele ocorrem importantes mananciais brasileiros. Com o aumento da emissão de gases do efeito estufa por fontes antrópicas, possíveis mudanças climáticas representam uma ameaça para a diversidade biológica e recursos hídricos deste ambiente. Neste âmbito, uma das principais demandas científicas e ambientais da atualidade consiste da estruturação de modelos climáticos que subsidiem a tomada de decisão, visando a atenuação ou mesmo a mitigação de possíveis impactos decorrentes de mudanças climáticas. Tendo-se em vista as incertezas sobre a concentração futura de GEEs, o IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) estruturou diferentes trajetórias para o forçamento radiativo ao longo do século XXI, sendo denominadas RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways). Os RCPs abordam desde futuros otimistas, nos quais a forçante radiativa decorrentes de ações antrópicas é reduzida (RCP 2.6), até situações pessimistas (RCP 8.5), sendo o RCP 4.5 uma situação considerada intermediária. Assim, Modelos Climáticos Globais (MCGs) vem sendo aplicados para a simulação das mudanças climáticas inerentes aos diferentes RCPs ao longo do século XXI. Entretanto, para a análise regional das mudanças climáticas torna-se necessária a regionalização das informações de macro escala geradas pelos MCGs, através de modelos climáticos regionais, com destaque para o modelo Eta no Brasil. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação de cenários climáticos simulados pelos modelos climáticos regionais Eta-HadGEM2-ES e Eta-MIROC5 para o Estado do Tocantins. O presente estudo foi estruturado em dois capítulos com objetivos específicos, sendo: (1) avaliar a qualidade estatística do clima presente ou baseline (1961-2005) projetado pelos modelos climáticos para a localização de cinco estações meteorológicas que dispõe de dados observados (precipitação total anual, precipitação máxima diária anual, temperatura máxima diária anual, temperatura média anual, temperatura mínima diária anual e umidade relativa anual), sendo: Araguaína, Pedro Afonso, Peixe, Porto Nacional e Taguatinga; (2) mapeamento das mudanças climáticas simuladas para o Estado do Tocantins pelos modelos climáticos Eta-HadGEM2-ES e Eta-MIROC5 nos RCPs 4.5 e 8.5, nos períodos seco e chuvoso, para os intervalos de 2007 a 2040 e 2041 a 2070, abrangendo as seguintes variáveis: precipitação, evapotranspiração real, temperatura máxima, temperatura média, temperatura mínima e umidade relativa. Os resultados mostraram necessidade de realização da remoção dos erros sistemáticos dos modelos climáticos previamente à utilização das projeções futuras. Quanto à simulação do clima presente, o modelo Eta-MIROC5 obteve melhor desempenho para a precipitação total anual e umidade relativa anual, enquanto que o modelo Eta-HadGEM2-ES obteve melhor desempenho para a temperatura (máxima diária anual, média anual e mínima diária anual). Na simulação climática futura, de maneira geral, ambos modelos apresentaram prognósticos mais severos para o RCP 8.5 no segundo período futuro avaliado (2041 a 2070) para o Estado do Tocantins. As projeções do modelo Eta-HadGEM2-ES apresentaram maior grau de severidade para a precipitação, temperatura (máxima, média e mínima), evapotranspiração real e umidade relativa, quando comparadas às projeções do Eta-MIROC5. O modelo Eta-HadGEM2-ES projetou para o período de 2041 a 2070 (RCP 8.5) aumento da temperatura média de até 4,9 ºC, enquanto que para o mesmo período e RCP simulado pelo Eta-MIROC5 o aumento projetado foi de 2,9 ºC. Ainda para este período e RCP as reduções simuladas para a precipitação chegou a 462,1 e 383,1 mm, pelos modelos Eta-HadGEM2-ES e Eta-MIROC5, respectivamente. Foram simuladas regiões do Estado com mudanças climáticas mais severas. Destaca-se a região Centro-Sul, nas proximidades da UHE Peixe/Angical para o regime de chuvas e a região Sul da Ilha do Bananal e APA dos Meandros do rio Araguaia para a temperatura. / The Cerrado biome is present in 91% of the State of Tocantins. This biome presents high biological wealth and in it occur important Brazilian springs. With increasing greenhouse gas emissions by anthropic sources, possible climatic change poses a threat to the biological diversity and water resources of this environment. In this context, one of the main scientific and environmental demands of today consist in the structuring of climatic models that subsidize decision making, aiming the attenuation or even mitigation of possible impacts due to climatic change. Given the uncertainties about the future concentration of GHGs, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has structured different paths for radiative forcing throughout the XXI century, being called RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways). The RCPs approach from optimistic futures, in which the radiative forcing due to anthropic actions is reduced (RCP 2.6), to pessimistic situations (RCP 8.5), with RCP 4.5 being considered as an intermediate situation. Thus, Global Climatic Models (MCGs) have been applied to the simulation of the climatic changes inherent in different CPRs throughout theXXI century. However, regional analysis of climate change requires the regionalization of macro-scale information generated by MCGs through regional climate models, with emphasis on the Eta model in Brazil. In this context, the objective of this work was the evaluation of climatic scenarios simulated by the regional climatic models Eta-HadGEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5 for the State of Tocantins. The present study was structured in two chapters with specific objectives, being: (1) to evaluate the statistical quality of the present or baseline climate (1961-2005) projected by the climatic models for the location of five meteorological stations with observed data (annual total precipitation, annual maximum daily precipitation, annual maximum daily temperature, average temperature Annual, annual minimum daily temperature and annual relative humidity), being: Araguaína, Pedro Afonso, Peixe, Porto Nacional and Taguatinga; (2) mapping of simulated climatic changes for the State of Tocantins by the climatic models Eta-HadGEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5 in RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, in the dry and rainy periods, for the intervals from 2007 to 2040 and 2041 to 2070, covering the following variables: precipitation, real evapotranspiration, maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity. The results showed the need to perform to remove systematic errors of the climatic models previously to the use of future projections. Regarding the simulation of the present climate, the Eta-MIROC5 model obtained better performance for the annual total precipitation and annual relative humidity, while the Eta-HadGEM2-ES model obtained better performance for temperature (daily maximum annual, annual average and minimum daily Yearly). In the future climatic simulation, both models presented more severe prognoses for RCP 8.5 in the second evaluated future period (2041 to 2070) for the state of Tocantins. The projections of the Eta-HadGEM2-ES model showed a higher degree of severity for precipitation, temperature (maximum, average and minimum), actual evapotranspiration and relative humidity when compared to Eta-MIROC5 projections. The Eta-HadGEM2-ES model projected for the period from 2041 to 2070 (RCP 8.5) an increase in the mean temperature up to 4.9 ° C, whereas for the same period and CPR simulated by Eta-MIROC5 the projected increase was 2, 9 ° C. Also for this period and CPR the simulated reductions for precipitation reached 462.1 and 383.1 mm, by the Eta-HadGEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5 models, respectively. Were simulated regions of the state with more severe climate changes. The Center-South region, near the Peixe / Angical HPP for the rainfall regime and the Southern region of the Bananal Island and the APA of the Meandros of the Araguaia river for the temperature, stands out.
8

The slippery road to empowerment : the Musquash experience in developing a co-management model for a marine protected area in the Bay of Fundy /

Spracklin, Lisa, January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 97-99.
9

ÍNDICES DE ADEQUABILIDADE DE HABITAT COMO SUBSÍDIO AO GERENCIAMENTO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO BANHADO DO TAIM / HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEXES AS THE BENEFIT OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF THE TAIM WETLAND

Xavier, Renata Azevedo 12 January 2015 (has links)
The Taim Wetland, situated in the Ecological Station (ESEC) Taim, an important wetland in southern Brazil, is fundamental to maintain the ecological stability of the region. The main economic activity in the surroundings of ESEC is the practice of irrigated rice planting through flooding, a process that requires large amounts of water, which are captured in the region of the lakes in the summer months and causing a decrease of ponds levels and Wetland , which may be harmful to this species dependent wetland environment. One way to investigate how species are impacted by this activity is through the integration of information on required environmental conditions for the survival of the species and their interdependence through habitat suitability indices method (HSI). This method is considered a form of ecological niche modeling, which can assist in improvement or development of management strategies of water resources and conservation of biodiversity, being widely used in areas of wetlands. Thus, using this methodology, this study was conducted in order to add information to the survey prepared by Tassi for Wetland Taim in 2008, through the development and validation of HSI, which relate hydrological and habitat aspects, aimed at management proposals of water resources of the local. To do so, were developed five new HSIs for selected indicator species: totora (Scirpus californicus), the white-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) and wood stork (Mycteria americana), and reptiles broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) and the D'orbigny's slider (Trachemys dorbigni). The species designated as indicators of the Wetland were those that could be observed in the field, and were willing to hydrological information. The construction of the HSIs species was made through the water slide height information needed to ensure the conservation of species and area required to be maintained flood free in reproductive period, from the premise that if ideal conditions would be maintained, these assure its chemical processes, food availability and reproductive success. Through a spatial model of environmental quality, specially developed for the Wetland Taim, there was a reproduction of the information of HSIs through thematic maps with color scale, which reflect the environmental suitability to species facing different scenarios. Through the analysis of the HSIs and retention curves were obtained the minimum water level of dimensions and maximum ideal for indicator species for Wetland Taim, corresponding to 1.75 m and 3.10 m, respectively. Water levels in this range of values create an environment to ensure the reproduction of the species and a favorable environment for migratory species of warm season. This, on the other hand, restrict the withdrawal of irrigation water under conditions of lower water availability, but use of this feature could be increased in situations that exceed the maximum limit established for Wetland dimension of the MAH. / O Banhado do Taim, situado na Estação Ecológica (ESEC) do Taim, constitui importante área úmida do sul do Brasil, sendo fundamental na manutenção da estabilidade ecológica da região. A principal atividade econômica no entorno da ESEC é a prática de plantio de arroz irrigado através de inundação, processo que demanda grandes quantias de água, que são captadas das lagoas da região nos meses de verão, ocasionando a redução dos níveis das lagoas e do banhado, o que pode ser prejudicial para espécies dependentes deste ambiente de área úmida. Uma das formas de investigar como as espécies são impactadas por essa atividade é por meio da integração entre informações sobre as condições ambientais necessárias para a sobrevivência das espécies e sua interdependência, através do método de índices de adequabilidade do habitat (IAHs). Esse método é considerado uma forma de modelagem de nicho ecológico, e que pode colaborar no aperfeiçoamento ou desenvolvimento das estratégias de gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos e conservação da biodiversidade, tendo sido amplamente empregado em regiões de áreas úmidas. Assim, utilizando esta metodologia, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de acrescentar informações à pesquisa elaborada por Tassi para o Banhado do Taim em 2008, através do desenvolvimento e validação de IAHs, que relacionam aspectos hidrológicos e de habitats, voltados para propostas de gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos do local. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos cinco novos IAHs para as espécies indicadoras selecionadas: junco (Scirpus californicus), as aves maçarico-preto (Plegadis chihi) e cabeça-seca (Mycteria americana), e os répteis jacaré-do-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) e a tartaruga-tigre-d água (Trachemys dorbigni). As espécies designadas como indicadoras do banhado foram as que puderam ser observadas em campo, e se dispunham de informações hidrológicas. A construção dos IAHs das espécies se deu através da informação de altura de lâmina de água necessária para garantir a conservação das espécies e área necessária a ser mantida livre de inundação em período reprodutivo, a partir da premissa de que se condições ideais fossem mantidas, estas assegurariam seus processos químicos, disponibilidade de alimento e sucesso reprodutivo. Através de um modelo de espacialização da qualidade ambiental, desenvolvido especialmente para o Banhado do Taim, houve uma reprodução das informações dos IAHs por meio de mapas temáticos com escala de cores, que refletem a adequabilidade ambiental para a espécie frente a diferentes cenários. Por meio da análise dos IAHs e das curvas de permanência, foram obtidos as cotas de nível de água mínimo e máximo ideais para as espécies indicadoras do Banhado do Taim, correspondentes a 1,75 m e a 3,10 m, respectivamente. Níveis de água nesta faixa de valores garantiriam um ambiente propício para assegurar a reprodução das espécies e um ambiente favorável para as espécies migratórias de estação quente. Isso, por outro lado, limitaria a retirada de água para irrigação em condições de menor disponibilidade hídrica, mas o uso deste recurso poderia ser aumentado em situações que ultrapassassem o limite da cota de nível máximo estabelecida para o Banhado do Taim.
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L'Afrique face aux défis de l'économie post-pétrole : du rôle des institutions financières de développement dans la promotion des énergies renouvelables / Africa facing the challenges of the post-oil economy : the role of development financial institutions in promoting renewable energy

Masra, Succès 30 September 2016 (has links)
En 2015, lors de la COP21, à l’occasion de l’accord global sur le climat de Paris, l’Afrique s’est engagée sous le Leadership du Groupe de la Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD) et de ses autres Partenaires Techniques et Financiers, à installer à l’horizon 2030 une capacité de 300 GW d’énergies renouvelables. Cet ambitieux objectif de l’Initiative Africaine pour les Energies Renouvelables (AREI) dont la BAD est agence d’exécution, vient compléter son engagement sur la décennie 2005- 2015, qui a permis de faire passer la part des énergies renouvelables de 4% à 20% de son portefeuille. Et pourtant, l’Afrique reste le continent qui, malgré son fort potentiel en énergies renouvelables (solaire :10 TW ; hydroélectrique : 350 GW ; éolien :110 GW, et géothermie : 15 GW), a 2/3 de sa population (645 millions) sans accès aux sources modernes d’énergie (BAD, 2016).C’est dans ce contexte d’urgence d’une part et de besoin de solutions durables d’autre part que notre thèse, en s’appuyant sur des projets structurants d’énergie renouvelables instruits et suivis sur la période 2010-2015 comme Economiste Principal de l’Energie au sein de la BAD, a consisté à analyser comment la BAD, en tant que première Institution Africaine de financement du développement couvrant les 54 pays africains, peut-elle mieux appuyer l’Afrique à faire face aux défis de l’économie post-pétrole grâce à une promotion plus efficace des énergies renouvelables. Cette analyse, normative, nous a permis d’aboutir à une double série de recommandations à la fois internes et externes à la BAD, dans la perspective d’une amélioration de l’efficacité de l’aide publique au développement drainée par cette Institution. / In 2015, during the COP 21, on the occasion of the global climate agreement in Paris, Africa committed under the Leadership of the African Development Bank Group (AfDB) and its other technical and financial partners, to install a capacity of 300 GW of renewable energy by 2030. This ambitious target set in the framework of the African Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) for which AfDB is the executing agency, completes its commitment of the decade 2005-2015, which permitted it to increase the share of renewable energy from 4% to 20% of its energy portfolio. Yet, Africa remains the continent which, despite its strong renewable energy potential (10 TW of solar, 350 GW hydroelectric, 110 GW wind and 15 GW of geothermal potential), is paradoxically characterized by two third of its population (645 millions) without access to modern energy sources (AfDB, 2016). It is in this context of energy emergency in one hand and the need for sustainable energy solutions on the other hand, that our thesis, based on renewable energy projects designed or implemented as Principal Energy Economist within the AfDB over the period 2010-2015, analyzes how AfDB, as the first African Development Financing Institution covering the 54 African countries, can assist this continent to better meet the challenges of the post-oil economy, through a more effective development of renewable energy. This analysis, essentially normative, allows us to achieve a double set of recommendations both internal and external to the AfDB in the perspective of enhanced effectiveness of Official Development Aid channeled by this institution, from the specific angle of the promotion of renewable energy.

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