Injurious falls are a common problem among older institutionalized adults, having serious physical, psychological and/or financial consequences for the fallers, their families, and personal care home (PCH) staff (Tideiksaar, 2002). North Eastman Health Association (NEHA) introduced a Fall Management Program into its five PCHs in 2005 in an effort to keep residents active and mobile, while minimizing injuries if they fell. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the Fall Management Program to determine if its goals of increased resident mobility and injury minimization were being met. A quasi-experimental, pre-post, comparison group design triangulating different data sources was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Fall Occurrence Report data were collected from all five NEHA PCHs, and from seven similar PCHs in the Interlake Regional Health Authority (IRHA) that did not have a fall program in place. Administrative data from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) were also used to provide information about some explanatory variables. Comparisons were made between regional health authorities (RHAs) and over time, from the pre- to post- period. Results indicate that NEHA’s Fall Management Program had some benefits for residents – there was a trend towards an increase in mobility (i.e., a non-significant upward trend in falls) while overall injuries remained stable, and falls resulting in hospitalization decreased significantly. NEHA residents appear to have been protected from an increase in injuries despite an upward trend in falls. Moreover, NEHA’s residents had significantly better outcomes compared to similar residents in the non-program PCHs in IRHA. By the post-period, both RHAs had the same rate of falls, but NEHA had significantly fewer injurious falls and falls resulting in hospitalization than IRHA. This suggests that the non-program PCHs had more difficulty preventing resident injuries than the program PCHs in NEHA.

Farmers in Western Canada are continually assessing where to invest their next dollar. In considering a farm expansion and the machinery assets they need to match their current farm size or a possible expansion. This study attempts to find the optimal farm size by creating a farm budget model that maximizes profit over a range of different farm sizes. As farm size increases there is more risk that inclement weather will lengthen the time needed for crop operations. Previous studies have shown that both seeding and harvest operations have optimum time windows in which they should occur for best yield results. The results of this research showed that net mean profit was maximized around a 9,000 acre grain farm. For farm sizes above 9,000 acres losses associated with lack of field operation time could not be compensated by cropping additional acres.

Les institutions littéraires francophones du Canada cherchent à répondre à la même question que se posent les communautés dont elles font partie. Qui sommes-nous? Cette étude fait ressortir les tendances et les caractéristiques des littératures francophones minoritaires en s’appuyant sur l’œuvre de deux auteurs, J.R. Léveillé au Manitoba francophone et Antonine Maillet en Acadie. Cette analyse éclaire les approches différentes que prennent les écrivains face à l’écriture. Ceux-ci se rangent soit du côté de la tradition, de l’histoire nationale et de la mémoire, soit du côté du moderne, du nouveau et du rejet du passé. En s’appuyant sur les théories d’Anne-Marie Thiesse, de François Paré et d’Éric Méchoulan, cette étude remarque que les tendances littéraires se manifestent à travers l’écriture et la réécriture de l’H/histoire, l’intertextualité, la langue et l’inclusion (ou non) des référents culturels et mémoriels.

This study examines the relationship between nutrient additions and algae and invertebrate productivity in a nutrient-poor wetland of the Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada. Alfalfa hay was added to experimental enclosures in May 1992. Alfalfa additions were made in unprocessed and ground forms and consisted of three treatments: ground low, whole low, and whole high. Dissolved oxygen, surface water nutrients, algae standing crop, and invertebrate production were monitored at open marsh sites and in treatment and control enclosures during 1992 and 1993. Stable $ sp{13}$C, $ sp{15}$N and $ sp{34}$S isotope ratios were determined for the alfalfa additions, and for surface water, algae, macrophytes, sediments and invertebrates. / In general, the effects of nutrient additions were confined to 1992. Treatment enclosure dissolved oxygen levels decreased immediately following fertilization, recovering in the low treatments by early June. Low oxygen conditions persisted in whole high enclosures throughout most of 1992. Dissolved and suspended nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton chlorophyll a increased but, with the exception of dissolved N, were soon lost from the water column. Treatment enclosure epiphytic algae increased while epipelon did not respond to fertilization. The primary effect of fertilization on invertebrate production was an increase in treatment enclosure chironomid larvae during 1992. As with productivity measures, stable isotope ratio values suggested a temporary presence of alfalfa nutrients in the enclosed food webs. Only the isotope ratios of metaphytic algae and snails collected during August 1992 indicated an incorporation of alfalfa nutrients.

The thesis focused on evaluating how provincial policies have framed and informed the development of relationships among Aboriginal, government and mining industry representatives in Manitoba. The research was conducted during a time period where current events regarding uncertainties in land claims, delays in obtaining prospecting work permits and a need for clarifying Section 35 Crown consultation have amplified the need for further understanding of the interactions among the parties. The research adopted a qualitative approach that consisted of a literature review, key-informant interviews and general observations. Thirty interviews were conducted from August to November 2014. The results revealed that the existing relationships among the parties were frustrating. These frustrations were attributed to a breakdown in the implementation and application of provincial policies and procedures. Uncertainties in land claims and protected area designation have continued to deter investment into the mineral sector. A lack of communication, understanding of cultural backgrounds, and willingness to allow time for proper consultation was noted by the respondents. Failure to recognize these aspects within policy has taken a toll on enhancing lasting relationships. Policies need to be updated and should clarify the roles and responsibilities of each interested party.

The relationship between transportation and economic development is well documented. Two requirements indispensable to this relationship are access (ability to reach a place) and connectivity (relationship of the place to others). The interaction of people and markets via transportation infrastructure facilitates trade and increased social interaction; all vital for development. This thesis examines the nature of access and connectivity of the multi-modal transport network (i.e. road, rail, water and air modes) of Northern Manitoba, a study area characterized by many small communities distributed in a vast area, with some having no year-round overland access, forcing them to rely on the seasonally constructed winter road system. Models of the four modal networks (graph theory) are used to analyze the transportation network’s structure, accessibility and connectivity for specific points in time with a view to understand network change. Recommendations are offered that would facilitate the integration of transportation planning.

The biology of the sub-aquatic lichen, Dermatocarpon luridum, was investigated. This lichen is sparsely distributed within the temperate climatic zones around the world, colonizing rock along watercourses that regularly experience water level fluctuations. Specimens collected from Canada and Austria were cultured using standard growth media. Brightfield microscopy was used for algal species identification, while fungal ITS, algal ITS and algal actin gene sequences were used for phylogenetic and population genetic evaluation. Results were: 1) axenic cultures of the photobiont were successful, while those of the mycobiont were not successful; 2) Diplosphaera chodatii is the photobiont associated with D. luridum var. luridum and allies, suggesting algal sharing between mycobiont species; 3) genetic diversity is high, and gene flow was high within local populations, but low between continental populations. Diplosphaera chodatii may be a keystone species contributing to the survival of D. luridum var. luridum along with other sub-aquatic, aquatic and terrestrial lichens.

Nutrients in the sediments of Lake Manitoba’s south basin are resuspended regularly due to its shallow, polymictic nature. In 2009 short sediment core samples were used to determine an internal available nutrient load from sediment of 17,533 tonnes total nitrogen (TN) and 167 tonnes total phosphorous (TP). Water samples were collected at the Whitemud River and Assiniboine River Diversion (ARD) to determine the N and P input to the lake, resulting in an estimate of a total point source input of 3,547 tonnes of TN and 1,130 tonnes of TP. Open water samples were collected to determine a suspended content of 9.2 tonnes of TN /km2 or and 1.7 tonnes of TP/km2. The ARD is the largest contributor of TP to the south basin. The internal sediment pool is a significant source of TN, and when the ARD does not operate, the largest input of TP to the south basin.

The aim of this project is to investigate the transmission of knowledge, and cultural values on the margins of the colonial agenda. The oral traditional accounts, and lived experience of Kéhté-yatis Charles F. Queskekapow, in the community of Kinoséwi Sípíhk [Fish River], are examined through the lens of a postcolonial Indigenous research paradigm. As a synthesis of an Indigenous perspective, and Euro-Western research methodologies, consisting of an open-ended interview approach, and the local Indigenous knowledge, the goals and objectives of this project are: 1) to determine the role of the Kéhté-yatis(ak) [Elders], 2) establish the local interpretation of Kéhté-yatis onakatamakéwina 3) to determine the impacts of colonialism had on the transmission of traditional knowledge, and culture 4) to analyze the impacts of colonization on the broader concept of community. This research locates the detrimental impacts of colonialism, the loss of identity in the historical context, and endeavors to contribute to affirmation of our cultural practices, and values in the present.

Amongst other complexities, landscape architecture is a discipline about understanding, expressing, and enhancing relationships between people and the land. This practicum focuses on revealing these relationships through cartographic concepts within self interpretation and interview, with a consciousness towards the biases that are embedded within mapped products. As maps are used on a daily basis in the discipline of landscape architecture, it should be considered a responsibility of the designer to have an understanding of the implications these tools possess. The Shell River Valley in Manitoba acted as a site of exploration with the intention of revealing human perceptions through cartographic methods of those who have relationships with the land.