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Thèse--Paris, 1958. / Bibliography; p. [673]-709.

The aim of this thesis has been to make an accurate assessment of the developments in Hopkins criticism up until 1970, with overriding emphasis on perceptions of his relation to poetic tradition. The chosen methodology involves a chapter by chapter discussion of Hopkins' perceived relation to individual poets or groups of poets. Generally, each chapter opens with an examination of Hopkins' published correspondence, scrutinizing his own criticism of the poet or poets in question, and proceeds in a chronological survey of the ways in which critics and reviewers have related him to the predecessor in question. Material covered in the thesis includes major published works on Hopkins; articles and reviews in scholarly periodicals, as well as more popular journals and some newspapers; and other critical works where Hopkins receives some degree of attention. The 'cutoff' point of this study is 1970, although a final chapter has been appended with a less detailed survey of the developments from 1970 to the present day. On certain occasions, I have ventured to investigate more fully some areas of Hopkins' literary genetics that seem not to have received the attention they deserve. In general, however, the focus of the thesis is upon the perceptions of the critics, and attempts are made to assess the ways in which Hopkins' fluctuating critical standing has altered these perceptions and vice versa. One of the most frequently recurring demands has been the need to try and determine why Hopkins has been related to different poets and different poetic traditions at different times. To provide a more 'three-dimensional' perspective, two chapters are devoted to exploring the ways in which Hopkins has been perceived as an influence on twentieth century poetry, in general terms, and in specific cases. In conclusion, a 'map' of the territory of Hopkins' criticism charting the perceived relations between his oeuvre and poetic tradition is proposed. And, with a necessary emphasis on the provisional (particularly with the post-1970 study taken into account), some suggestions are made for new directions in this area of study.

This study attempts to correlate two facts about Gerard Manley Hopkins: that he was an avid musician, who theorised about and composed music; and that his poetry is characterised by its highly complex, evocative sounds and by its relation of form to meaning, sound to sense. This study is an attempt to prove that Hopkins is a "musical" poet in a specific and literal sense--that his musical knowledge and interests influenced his poetry in specific and discernible ways, making his work "musical" in a sense that other poetry of his age is not (or to an extent that other poetry is not), and resulting in much of what we consider to be characteristic in his verse. The study is divided into two parts, the first (I-III) analysing the role music plays in his theoretical writings, the second (IV-VI) tracing these musical influences through to the musical and poetic art itself. In Part One, Chapter I presents Hopkins the musician, the biographical details and philosophical background behind his musical interest; Chapter II relates this to Hopkins as priest and theologian, demonstrating music's role as central to his Scotus-based position; Chapter III then shows this musical philosophy in more detail in his theories of language and art, resulting in an ideal art of song epitomised by the art of Hopkins' favourite composer, Henry Purcell. Part Two then looks at Hopkins' art itself, shown as following this Purcellian musical ideal: Chapter IV differentiates the requirements of songs from those of poetry, and demonstrates the particular aims and techniques of Hopkins' own songs; Chapter V reveals principles of musical or song-structure behind Hopkins' concepts of sprung rhythm and other characteristic poetic devices; finally, Chapter VI analyses the poems to discover their radically musical nature. The study concludes with a brief question on the nature of "the music of poetry" generally.

This thesis examines the nature of what I have termed "the sacramental vision" of Gerard Manley Hopkins and David Jones: it is an exploration of the mutually sustaining relationship between poetry and religion; or, as Jones puts it, between art and sacrament. The key to the relationship is to be found in language: the inherited language of theologian and poet is saturated with metaphor, sign and symbol, linguistic forms of a particularly resistant and irreducible kind. In literature, as in religion, such forms represent ultimate points of vision, to which in trust we assent, and from which we infer belief, that is, we are required to convert what begins as "an impression upon the Imagination" into a belief which may be tested by reason. The poet's renewal of such sacramental signs is a necessary exercise of the religious imagination if each generation is to remake the beliefs it has inherited. The opening chapter is an examination of the origins of Hopkins's and Jones's use of the sacramental sign and the subsequent chapters scrutinise the value of sign-making to the development of the poetic method of both poets. I suggest that this method is best elucidated through three controlling principles: the Coleridgean view of the sacramental potential of language helps to define the verbal content of the poem; the Thornist sacramental schema instresses the form of the poem; and the Newmanesque process of notional and real assent determines the grammar or inscape of the total oeuvre as a chronicle of the development of the poet's spiritual growth. Hopkins and Jones deepen our understanding of a grammar common to faith and belief, shared by poet and theologian, by claiming that poetry should be the tranforming crucible of the encounter between the experience of the poet, the reader and the divine.

The discovery of Gerard Manley Hopkins's poetry in the twentieth century was a revelation for postwar poets, who discovered in both Hopkins's style and subject matter a voice seemingly bottled for their own time. This influence has not faded in the twenty-first century; in fact, it has grown all the more pervasive as poets from many backgrounds and nations have found, in the voice of this nineteenth-century Jesuit, a revolutionary way of addressing contemporary concerns relating to human imagination, ecology, "green" ethics, the role of art, and individual spirituality. The poets collected in The World Is Charged: Poetic Engagements with Gerard Manley Hopkins engage with Hopkins in diverse ways. Some mention Hopkins or address some aspect of his life. Others channel his innovative poetics or address important Hopkinsian themes. All demonstrate the centrality of his influence in contemporary poetry. Unfortunately, critics have mostly neglected the importance of Hopkins as a contemporary model, instead pinning his influence to the early twentieth century. In a climate where high modernism, Whitmanic free verse, and the confessional lyric are often held up as contemporary poetry's dominant forerunners, this book proposes a more complex genealogy, tracing back to Hopkins and his influential early admirers current strands of emotional and spiritual openness, pleasure in word play and sonic textures, and veneration of the dynamic material world. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1156/thumbnail.jpg

Thesis (BPhil)--Open University.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong. / Type-written copy.

Diss.--München, 1956. / Bibliography: p. 11-16.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1957. / Also available in print.