Este trabalho visou entender e avaliar a resistência mecânica da junção de chapas de aço obtidas pelo processo de União de Chapas por Conformação a Frio (UCCF). Esse processo é conhecido no meio industrial pelo termo em inglês: clinching ou press joining. O formato de união cilíndrico, também conhecido como Round, foi selecionado para unir os corpos de provas. As uniões metálicas ensaiadas foram fabricadas com aço de baixo teor de carbono sem camada superficial de proteção (170MPa de limite de escoamento). O material escolhido é de comum utilização na indústria automotiva. Duas espessuras diferentes foram avaliadas: 0,8mm e 1,2mm. Um completo procedimento foi criado para determinar os parâmetros ideais do processo UCCF baseado nos critérios de falha existentes na literatura e na experiência do fornecedor do equipamento. A união em estudo foi submetida, experimentalmente, a cargas multiaxiais com o auxílio de um dispositivo baseado no ensaio de Arcan para possibilitar uma condição de carga combinada, onde foi possível identificar graficamente o comportamento estrutural do corpo de prova em estados de carregamento que variam de tração (normal à superfície do ponto) até cisalhamento (perpendicular à superfície do ponto). Os valores de resistência mecânica encontrados foram de 1,13kN (mínimo) a 2,55kN (máximo) para as chapas de aço com espessura de 0,8mm e de 1,89kN (mínimo) e 3,18kN (máximo) para as chapas de 1,2mm. Um estudo comparativo com Solda Ponto por Resistência Elétrica (SPRE) foi realizado. A UCCF alcançou resultados de 47,68% dos valores obtidos para a SPRE para chapa com espessura de 0,8mm e 37,78% para chapas de 1,2mm. / The purposes of this work were understand and evaluate cold forming sheet metal joining of steel plates mechanical resistance. This process is well known as clinching or press joining. Round clinching element was selected to be used on all tested specimens due to its industry suitability. The metallic specimens were built on mid carbon steel without zinc coat protection (Yield Stress: 170MPa). This is a common material on automotive industry. Two different thicknesses were evaluated: 0.8mm and 1.2mm. A full procedure to determine ideal clinching parameters was created based on available literature information and clinching supplier know-how. All union technology was experimentally submitted to multiaxial loads using device based on Arcan concept. Joining mechanical behavior curves were plotted from traction (normal to element joint surface) to shear (perpendicular to element joint surface) loads. As a result, 0.8mm thickness steel plates achieved load values from 1.13kN (minimum) to 2.55kN (maximum), 1.2mm thickness steel plates achieved values from 1.89kN (minimum) e 3.18kN (maximum). A comparative study was made with Electric Resistance Spot Weld (ERSP). Clinching joining achieved results as 47.68% and 37.78% of ERSP loads for 0.8mm and 1.2mm thickness steel plates respectively.

This master’s thesis focusing on design of technological workplaces layout in the workshop of trading and manufacturing company, which offers range of industrial gaskets. The main part of thesis is a detailed analysis, which includes description of the production processes and system in workshop of surface finishes that is scheduled for modernization of spaces. On the basis of this analysis will be using selected methods recommended solutions, which will help decide what types of production equipment purchase and how to deploy technology work in new premises.

Battery technology is a great candidate for energy storage applications. The need for high-performance and cost-effective batteries has motivated researchers to put much effort into improving battery performance. In this work, we attempt to understand the elements that affect the microstructure and performance of two battery systems. The first part of this work focuses on the investigation of transport and structural properties of porous electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte. A DC polarization method was deployed for tortuosity measurements. An apparatus was designed to flow specified current through and measure the voltage drop over the porous electrodes. Using a modified Ohm's law, effective diffusion coefficient and associated tortuosity were determined. Multiple compositions (different types and amounts of conductive additives) were tested to understand the effects of composition on the transport properties. As a validation and to further understand the tests, a model was developed and used for data analysis. The second part of this dissertation describes simulations of the manufacturing process of a Li-ion electrode. LAMMPS, a particle simulator, was used for this meso-scale particle-based simulation. The interactions between particles were understood by model-experiment comparisons of the macroscopic properties such as viscosity of the slurry and elasticity of the dried film. The microstructure created by this simulation was consistent with the one we observed in SEM/ FIB images. Although the emphasis was the drying process in this part, some preliminary coating and calendering simulations are presented. Finally, the effects of electrode heterogeneity were investigated by a Newman-type model and tomographic images. An electronic conductivity map was initially generated over a Li-ion cathode. Then SEM/FIB images of specified high, middle, and low conductivity regions were taken to confirm heterogeneity. For modeling purposes, three regions of high, middle, and low ionic resistance were considered connected in parallel, representing the real electrode heterogeneity. Multiple cases of heterogeneities such as non-uniform ionic resistance and active material loading at low, middle, and high charge-discharge rates were studied. The results show that higher rates increase non-uniformities of dependent properties such as temperature, current density, positive and negative electrodes states of charge, and charge and discharge capacities especially in charging cases.

This thesis concerns the introduction and development in our laboratory of a multilayer ceramic technology, called LTCC, for RF and microwave packaging. LTCC stands for Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics. As can be understood from its name, the low temperature means that the LTCC circuit is fired below 1000 °C that allows the use of high conductivity materials such as gold and silver. The thesis work starts after the bibliographic study of RF packaging technology, with the choice of LTCC substrate and conductor materials necessary to implement LTCC technology in our laboratory. Then, the LTCC manufacturing process is put in place and validated in order to produce operational LTCC circuits. This process includes the cut of LTCC layers, via hole and cavity creation, via fill for vertical interconnecting, screen printing for horizontal patterns, stacking, lamination and finally the firing to obtain a 3D circuit. Most encountered technological problems are resolved and the fabrication steps are validated. LTCC DESIGN RULES that contain all dimensional values required for future RF packaging designers at the laboratory is elaborated. Next, after the successful establishment of LTCC technology, it is qualified up to 40 GHz using simple RF structures such as transmission lines and planar resonators. Then, a multilayer LTCC package for an MMIC oscillator functioning in the frequency band between 10.6 and 12.6 GHz is proposed, fabricated and finally measured.

Mining or industrial activity? This is not only an ancient question in Peruvian mining sector but a key issue for domestic and foreign private investment on cement. Since few years ago, cement manufacturing process has been being qualified and regulated by the Peruvian Mining Authority as a mining benefit process which implies the obligation to obtain a benefit mining concession previously. However, upon a review of the technical process aspects, the legal framework in force and a recent judgment enacted by the Constitutional Court of Peru regarding this topic, the position traditionally assumed by the Ministry of Energy and Miningcould be reconsidered. / ¿Es actividad minera o industrial? Ésta no es solo una antigua interrogante en el sector minero peruano sino una cuestión clave para la inversión privada local y extranjera del rubro cementero. Desde hace algunos años, la producción de cemento ha venido siendo calificada y regulada por la autoridad minera como beneficio minero, lo cual importa la obligación del titular de obtener previamente a la ejecución de la misma una concesión de beneficio. Sin embargo, a partir de una revisión de los aspectos técnicos del proceso, el marco normativo vigente y un reciente pronunciamiento del Tribunal Constitucional en relación a este tema, la tradicional posición adoptada por el Ministerio de Energía y Minas podría ser repensada.

The aim of this thesis, which is called "Organization of production and quality in the company" was to assess how the management and organization help to abide by the production quality. There was introduced a production process of two chosen products, a process of the production flow and a background of the production in the selected company. Next part includes the description of the quality management of the chosen products including requirements and standards which are necessary for the production of the cosmetic products. Based on the findings of deficiencies, there were suggested measures to improve the quality management system.

A globalização reforça a necessidade das empresas aprimorarem seus processos e produtos continuamente para se manterem competitivas e atenderem às expectativas de um mercado dinâmico e de acionistas cada vez mais exigentes, que buscam maximizar seus lucros. A melhoria contínua acima mencionada não se refere apenas à qualidade percebida pelo consumidor final, mas também à qualidade e confiabilidade dos processos de produção. Desta forma, quando as empresas têm melhores processos, melhores são os produtos originados e também os seus custos. Porém, a questão é como esses processos são modelados na fase de projeto e como ferramentas de qualidade, sobretudo o Seis Sigma metodologia mais em voga na atualidade podem utilizar tais modelos para obter melhores resultados. Essa dissertação propõe a utilização de ferramentas de modelagem e simulação tais como as Redes de Petri para modelagem de processos produtivos fornecem um modelo formal para a representação de sistemas de produção, capturando aspectos inerentes a tais sistemas como concorrência, paralelismo e sincronização suportando a aplicação da metodologia Seis Sigma, a qual geralmente atua somente no nível de melhoria do processo produtivo e não do projeto que o originou. Dessa forma, essa dissertação trás uma proposta de integração entre os times que projetam o processo e os que executam a produção, demonstrando tal viabilidade por meio da análise dos projetos/modelos durante a aplicação da metodologia Seis Sigma. É realizado um estudo de caso na estamparia de uma indústria automotiva que ilustra a aplicação da metodologia proposta. / The globalization strengthens the necessity for companies to improve its processes and products in order to remains competitive and to attend expectations of a dynamic market and shareholders each time more demanding and eager to maximize their profits. The continuous improvement mentioned above, is not related only to the quality perceived by the final consumer, but also to the quality and reliability of the production processes. Therefore, as better processe the company gets, as better would be their final products and as lower would be the costs. However, the question is wheter a continuous improvement using Six Sigma could benefit from the design documentation for the target process returning also an improved documentation after the cycle is completed. This work considers the use of Petri Nets for production processes modeling - even if any other design and modeling representation would return similar results - supporting the Six Sigma methodology application. The main result is a proposition of continuous improvement life cycle that maintains the design documentation consistent and up-to-date. Thus, this work pursuits the integration between the teams that design processes and those who implement them in the manufacturing plant. To show the potential of the models analysis during Six Sigma projects a case study is analyzed for the Press Shop area in an Automotive Industry.

Este trabalho visou entender e avaliar a resistência mecânica da junção de chapas de aço obtidas pelo processo de União de Chapas por Conformação a Frio (UCCF). Esse processo é conhecido no meio industrial pelo termo em inglês: clinching ou press joining. O formato de união cilíndrico, também conhecido como Round, foi selecionado para unir os corpos de provas. As uniões metálicas ensaiadas foram fabricadas com aço de baixo teor de carbono sem camada superficial de proteção (170MPa de limite de escoamento). O material escolhido é de comum utilização na indústria automotiva. Duas espessuras diferentes foram avaliadas: 0,8mm e 1,2mm. Um completo procedimento foi criado para determinar os parâmetros ideais do processo UCCF baseado nos critérios de falha existentes na literatura e na experiência do fornecedor do equipamento. A união em estudo foi submetida, experimentalmente, a cargas multiaxiais com o auxílio de um dispositivo baseado no ensaio de Arcan para possibilitar uma condição de carga combinada, onde foi possível identificar graficamente o comportamento estrutural do corpo de prova em estados de carregamento que variam de tração (normal à superfície do ponto) até cisalhamento (perpendicular à superfície do ponto). Os valores de resistência mecânica encontrados foram de 1,13kN (mínimo) a 2,55kN (máximo) para as chapas de aço com espessura de 0,8mm e de 1,89kN (mínimo) e 3,18kN (máximo) para as chapas de 1,2mm. Um estudo comparativo com Solda Ponto por Resistência Elétrica (SPRE) foi realizado. A UCCF alcançou resultados de 47,68% dos valores obtidos para a SPRE para chapa com espessura de 0,8mm e 37,78% para chapas de 1,2mm. / The purposes of this work were understand and evaluate cold forming sheet metal joining of steel plates mechanical resistance. This process is well known as clinching or press joining. Round clinching element was selected to be used on all tested specimens due to its industry suitability. The metallic specimens were built on mid carbon steel without zinc coat protection (Yield Stress: 170MPa). This is a common material on automotive industry. Two different thicknesses were evaluated: 0.8mm and 1.2mm. A full procedure to determine ideal clinching parameters was created based on available literature information and clinching supplier know-how. All union technology was experimentally submitted to multiaxial loads using device based on Arcan concept. Joining mechanical behavior curves were plotted from traction (normal to element joint surface) to shear (perpendicular to element joint surface) loads. As a result, 0.8mm thickness steel plates achieved load values from 1.13kN (minimum) to 2.55kN (maximum), 1.2mm thickness steel plates achieved values from 1.89kN (minimum) e 3.18kN (maximum). A comparative study was made with Electric Resistance Spot Weld (ERSP). Clinching joining achieved results as 47.68% and 37.78% of ERSP loads for 0.8mm and 1.2mm thickness steel plates respectively.

This paper focuses on the practical application of operational management. It is based on theoretical nature of manufacturing process control and tries to apply it to the case of a specific enterprise in the textile industry. It analyzes the way of production organization, when it cooperates with others to sew clothing, and determines, what economic benefits this cooperation brings in case of one month and more generally.

Afin d’assurer la fabrication de produits conformes et à faible coût dans les industries, la maîtrise des procédés de fabrication est devenue un enjeu majeur. Les systèmes d'information dans les industries sont assez complexes et les besoins métier évoluent en permanence, rendant ainsi difficile la recherche des ressources qui fournissent les informations manufacturières pour le contrôle de procédés industriels. De plus, l’utilisation de plateformes logicielles commerciales dans les industries pour le traitement des données ne facilite pas l’accès à l’information produite car ces plateformes ne permettent pas la gestion sémantique de l’information. Cette thèse défend l’idée qu’il faut réduire la distance entre les ressources disponibles et les besoins métier des experts qui assurent le contrôle de processus industriels. L’approche S3 est proposée pour permettre à la fois la description et la recherche de ces ressources. S3 repose sur deux stratégies de recherche complémentaires: une stratégie ascendante permettant la création de descripteurs sémantiques de ressources, et une stratégie descendante permettant la capture des besoins métier dans des patterns de recherche. Deux structures sémantiques sont proposées pour supporter les mécanismes de description et de recherche: une ontologie « manufacturing process » et un dictionnaire « process control ». Chaque stratégie de recherche, appuyée par les structures sémantiques apporte un niveau de description différent et permet l’alignement de différents types de connaissances métier. Cette approche a été expérimentée au sein de l’entreprise STMicroelectronics et a révélé des résultats prometteurs. / In order to ensure the manufacturing of conforming products with the least waste, the manufacturing process control has ever more become a major issue in industries nowadays. The complexity of the information systems in industries and the permanent evolution of the business needs make difficult the retrieval of the resources that provide manufacturing information related to the process control. In addition, the use of commercial software platforms in industries for the processing of data, does not facilitate the access to the information produced, because these platforms do not support the semantic management of information.This thesis argues the need to reduce the distance between the used resources in industries and the business needs of the experts that ensure the control of the manufacturing processes.The S3 approach is proposed to support the control of the manufacturing processes through an original resource management system. This system is intended for both resource description and retrieval. The S3 approach relies on two complementary retrieval strategies: a bottom-up strategy enabling the creation of semantic descriptors of resources, and a top-down strategy enabling the capture of business needs in search patterns. Two semantic structures are proposed to support the resource description and retrieval mechanisms: a manufacturing process ontology and a process control dictionary. Basing on these semantic structures, each retrieval strategy provides different levels of description to the resources, and enables the alignment of different types of business knowledge. The experimentation of the approach within STMicroelectronics showed promising results.