This thesis used novel methodologies in dendrochemistry to observe past nutrient and Al change in relation to incremental stem xylem growth to predict current and future forest health. The methods included (1) sequential digestion of wood tissue to remove the elemental fraction that is mobile across tree rings leaving the structurally intrinsic, residual (or less mobile) ion fraction for analysis and (2) transformation of elemental concentrations into multivariate ratios (compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND)) over a time series. Sampling of trees represented a gradient in acidity resilience using three regions of southern Quebec (St. Lawrence Lowlands; Lower Laurentians; and Appalachian Highlands) and three species (red maple ( Acer rubrum L.); sugar maple (Acer sacharum Marsh.); and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The elemental residual fraction had differences from the mobile fraction over time for Ca, Mg and Mn, but not for K or Al. The base rich Saint-Lawrence region had the highest and slightly increasing incremental stem xylem Al of the regions yet had stable or increasing growth. By contrast the acid sensitive Appalachian region had the greatest increase in Al accompanied by a decrease in growth beyond 1970. The Appalachians also had the highest Mn, which had an adverse effect on growth of sugar maple. The acid-resilient species American beech had stable or decreasing Al while having stable or increasing growth in contrast to the less resilient sugar and red maple. The nutrient poor Laurentian region had a persistent deficiency of K over time but no relationships with Al. Aluminium had a general negative correlation with the other canons. Although Mn had the highest levels in red maple for each region, it appears to be limiting growth. The changes in wood chemistry and growth over time appear to be driven by the resilience of the region or species to increasing acidic load in the ecosystems.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Elio Sangoi.pdf: 1502990 bytes, checksum: 69d63b26859390f0d264bbfaec5b3ec2 (MD5) Elio Sangoi.pdf.txt: 182666 bytes, checksum: 86fb3673c5985d4431df96f7ae304ae2 (MD5) Elio Sangoi.pdf.jpg: 3822 bytes, checksum: 522907131a9316f95e2e727f1b6d3343 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The central theme of this paper is to analyze the contributions of problem solving and software maple in the understanding and comprehension of concepts and properties of the derivative, with the anchors the cognitive theory of Ausubel (1989, apud Moreira). With this vision, we tried to find new paths through the resolution of problems to study in a class of Derivative Calculus A Course of Engineering, to improve educational action from the construction of new knowledge. From this perspective, learning takes place through meanings. We adopted a qualitative methodology and data collection was used observations and questionnaires to assess how students learn for meaning, to solve problem situations involving the study of Derivatives. The identification of these procedures allowed the teacher to see how students were processing their knowledge, thus giving subsidies to plan teaching practice. By analyzing the collected data with the theoretical foundation of meaningful learning, the study of Derivative gained new meaning to be proposed by resolution of problems. By analyzing the situations, problems with the use of maple software coupled with the theoretical foundation, it was possible to understand that this teaching strategy has given new meaning to the calculation for the students, therefore, appreciated the work of mind, their prior knowledge and their efforts. With the identification of evidence of meaningful learning, it was possible an understanding of how students internalize new knowledge. As evidence of the results of meetings held during the lessons and complemented by the observation form and questionnaires, it can be inferred that the results in percentage terms, indicate a recovery between 80 and 97 per cent. Using software maple, about 100 percent of the students considered that it was valid to their learning. / O tema central desse trabalho residiu em analisar as contribuições da resolução de problemas e do software maple no entendimento e compreensão dos conceitos e propriedades da derivada, tendo como âncora a teoria cognitiva de Ausubel (1982, apud Moreira). Com essa visão, procurou-se encontrar novos caminhos através da Resolução de Problemas para o estudo das Derivadas em uma turma de Cálculo A do Curso de Engenharia, a fim de melhorar a ação educativa a partir da construção do novo saber. Nessa perspectiva, a aprendizagem se deu por significados. Para a pesquisa adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa e, para coleta de dados, utilizou-se observações e questionários, visando a aferir como os estudantes aprendem por significados, para resolver as situações-problema envolvendo o estudo das Derivadas. A identificação de tais procedimentos possibilitou ao professor ver como os estudantes processavam o seu conhecimento, dando assim subsídios para planejar a prática pedagógica. Ao analisar os dados coletados com a fundamentação teórica da aprendizagem significativa, o estudo da Derivada ganhou novo significado ao ser proposto através da Resolução de Problemas. Ao analisar as situações-problema com o uso do software maple aliadas à fundamentação teórica, foi possível entender que esta estratégia pedagógica deu um novo significado ao cálculo para os estudantes, valorizando, pois, o seu trabalho mental, seus conhecimentos prévios e seus esforços. Com a identificação de evidências de aprendizagem significativa, foi possível uma compreensão de como os estudantes internalizaram os novos conhecimentos. Conforme evidências dos resultados das sessões realizadas ao longo das aulas e complementadas pela ficha de observação e os questionários, pode-se inferir que os resultados em termos percentuais indicam um aproveitamento entre 80 e 97 por cento. Em termos do uso do software maple, aproximadamente 100 por cento dos alunos o considerou válido para a sua aprendizagem.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-20T13:32:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_LeandroFontoura.pdf: 7487127 bytes, checksum: a19a126dd987b5f8aeb25940074b89b1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T13:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_LeandroFontoura.pdf: 7487127 bytes, checksum: a19a126dd987b5f8aeb25940074b89b1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / This dissertation has the aim to investigate the contribution from the application of a didactic sequence elaborated in accordance with the assumptions of Didactic Engineering and the usage of a computer application from software Maple for teaching and learning of the double integrals subject for Mathematics Degree students. The theoretical background for analysing the results was based in the Tall and Vinner (1981) theory about the image concept and definition concept and it was used the Domingos (2003) categorization in order to classify the students in three different levels of image concept: incipient image concept, instrumental image concept and relational image concept. From the preliminary studies resulted from the didactic books analysis and from results of the application of a diagnostic test, it was elaborated one didactic sequence, compounded by four activities to build the Double Integral concept and used it in applications related to volume calculations of geometric solids. The data for analyses were obtained through participant observation from the researcher’s field logbook and from documents produced by students. Participated in this research Mathematics Degree students enrolled in the course Differential and Integral Calculus IV. The results shown that the proposed didactic sequence and the usage of a computer application programmed with the software Maple facilitated the formation of image concepts about the Double Integrals subject and helped students to calculate the volume of geometric solids. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo geral investigar as contribuições da aplicação de uma sequência didática, elaborada de acordo com os pressupostos da Engenharia Didática, e da utilização de um aplicativo computacional do software Maple, para o ensino e aprendizagem do conteúdo de integrais duplas para alunos de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. O referencial teórico para análise dos resultados baseou-se na teoria de Tall e Vinner (1981) sobre conceito imagem e conceito definição, e foi utilizada a categorização de Domingos (2003) para classificar os alunos em três diferentes níveis de conceito imagem: conceito imagem incipiente, conceito imagem instrumental e conceito imagem relacional. A partir dos estudos preliminares resultantes da análise de livros didáticos e dos resultados da aplicação de um teste diagnóstico, elaborou-se uma sequência didática composta de quatro atividades, para construir o conceito de integral dupla e utilizá-lo nas aplicações referentes ao cálculo do volume de sólidos geométricos. Os dados para análise foram obtidos por meio da observação participante, do diário de campo do pesquisador e dos documentos produzidos pelos alunos. Participaram desta pesquisa alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática matriculados na disciplina de Cálculo diferencial e integral IV. Os resultados demonstraram que a sequência didática proposta e o emprego de um aplicativo computacional, programado com o software Maple, facilitaram a formação de conceitos imagem sobre o conteúdo de integrais duplas e auxiliaram os alunos no cálculo do volume de sólidos geométricos.

Thesis „Production Process Analysis in Selected Enterprise” is focused on specific production processes especially their description, possible changes and subsequent evaluation of impact of changes. It includes theoretical bases for production processes, their improvements and investments to production processes. Moreover there are included methods of investment business evaluation and mathematical modeling. Selected company and specific selected process that theoretical methods are applied upon in Maple is in practical portion.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the chosen logistics parameters in the process of purchasing of input materials on a particular company economy and their mathematical modelling. Graphical and mathematical outputs will be created in the computer system Maple.

No description available.

This study examined the affects of desiccation during and after cold storage on the physiology, growth, and marketability of bare-root Acer platanoides (Norway maple), Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington hawthorn) and Prunus x yedoensis (Yoshino cherry). Histological examination of Acer and Crataegus stems was also conducted. Maple and cherry trees were transplanted into pine bark-filled containers and subjected to mist or non-mist treatments. Xylem water potential increased (became less negative) for misted maple and cherry trees. Water potential increased for non-misted maple and decreased for non-misted cherry trees. Maple and hawthorn seedlings were subjected to cold storage durations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks and storage treatments: whole plant covered, shoots exposed, roots exposed and whole plant exposed. Shoot (Ψ_s) and root (Ψ_r) water potentials for all treatments and both species decreased during storage. For maple, (Ψ_s) and (Ψ_r) of the exposed shoot treatment were the same as the whole plant covered treatment. In contrast, hawthorn (Ψ_s) and (Ψ_r) of the exposed shoot treatment were lower (more negative) than for the whole plant covered treatment. Root hydraulic conductivity was the same for both species and decreased with increased storage duration and for treatments with exposed roots. For the root covered treatments, maple root growth potential (RGP) increased while hawthorn RGP decreased with increased cold storage duration. RGP for both species remained low throughout storage for treatments exposing roots. Days to bud break for Acer and Crataegus seedlings decreased with increased storage time for the whole plant covered treatments but increased for both species when stored with exposed roots. Maple marketability, percent of trees with ≤ 10% shoot dieback, for root covered treatments was high for most storage durations. Hawthorn marketability was generally low except for the whole plant covered treatment during the first six weeks of storage. There was a high positive correlation between RGP and marketability for both maple and hawthorn. Histological examination revealed that Acer stems had a highly suberized periderm, and a uniform cuticle with few disruptions. Periderm suberization of Crataegus stems was variable and extensive peridermal cracking was evident. Cuticle wax decreased with increasing distance from the stem apex for both species. Collectively, results indicated that hawthorn stems had more pathways for water loss than maple shoots. While protection of roots of all bare-root stock is important, desiccation sensitive species such as Washington hawthorn require both root and shoot protection during storage and at transplanting to minimize water loss. / Ph. D.

<p>Utilizing the power of Monte Carlo simulations, a novel, semi-empirical method for investigating the performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) in resonant infrared, matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) films is explored. Emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE offers a unique and powerful alternative to solution processing in depositing organic materials for use in solar cells: in particular, its usefulness in controlling the nanoscale morphology of organic thin films and the potential for creating novel hetero-structures make it a suitable experimental backdrop for investigating trends through simulation and gaining a better understanding of how different thin film characteristics impact OPV device performance.</p><p>The work presented in this dissertation explores the creation of a simulation tool that relies heavily on measureable properties of RIR-MAPLE films that impact efficiency and can be used to inform film deposition and dictate the paths for future improvements in OPV devices. The original nanoscale implementation of the Monte Carlo method for investigating OPV performance is transformed to enable direct comparison between simulation and experimental external quantum efficiency results. Next, a unique microscale formulation of the Dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) model is developed based on the observable, fundamental differences between the morphologies of RIR-MAPLE and solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films. This microscale model enables us to examine the sensitivity of device performance to various structural and electronic properties of the devices. Specifically, using confocal microscopy, we obtain an average microscale feature size for the RIR-MAPLE P3HT:PC61BM (1:1) BHJ system that represents a strategic starting point for utilizing the DMC as an empirical tool.</p><p>Building on this, the RIR-MAPLE P3HT:PC61BM OPV system is studied using input simulation parameters obtained from films with different material ratios and overall device structures based on characterization techniques such as grazing incidence-wide angle X-ray scattering (GI-WAXS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results from the microscale DMC simulation compare favorably to experimental data and allow us to articulate a well-informed critique on the strengths and limitations of the model as a predictive tool. The DMC is then used to analyze a different RIR-MAPLE BHJ system: PCPDTBT:PC71BM, where the deposition technique itself is investigated for differences in the primary solvents used during film deposition. </p><p>Finally, a multi-scale DMC model is introduced where morphology measurements taken at two different size scales, as well as structural and electrical characterization, provide a template that mimics the operation of OPVs. This final, semi-empirical tool presents a unique simulation opportunity for exploring the different properties of RIR-MAPLE deposited OPVs, their effects on OPV performance and potential design routes for improving device efficiencies.</p> / Dissertation

As a result of decades of fire suppression, oaks (Quercus L.) and other disturbance-dependent tree species are experiencing widespread regeneration failure. Today, fire takes the form of relatively low to moderate intensity prescribed fire, used to restore fire adapted ecosystems, and wildfires which often vary in severity. I investigated long-term changes to forest structure and composition in response to repeated prescribed burning followed by an extended period of no fire. Burning reduced total basal area, midstory stem density and sapling stem density. However, the fire-free interval significantly increased sapling layer stem densities of oaks and competitor species. This research shows that repeated prescribed fire, followed by a fire-free interval, can allow oak seedlings to grow into sapling sized stems, but competitors also increase in density. I also investigated relationships between varying wildfire severity and stand structure, basal area, and tree recruitment. Both stem density and total basal area were significantly and negatively related to fire severity. Oak and pine recruitment was significantly and positively related to fire severity whereas competitors had no relationship. The positive relationships with fire severity and oak or pine sapling recruitment could have important implications for managers using prescribed fire or managing areas after wildfire.

O objetivo deste trabalho é o cálculo modal da resposta impulso distribu ída de uma viga descrita pela equação de Timoshenko e das vibrações forçadas, devidas a influência de cargas externas. Os modos vibratórios foram obtidos com o uso da base dinâmica, gerada por uma resposta livre e suas derivadas. Esta resposta é caracterizada por condições iniciais impulsivas. Simulações foram realizadas para os modos, a resposta impulso distribuída e vibrações forçadas em vigas apoiadas em uma extremidade e na outra livre, fixa, deslizante ou apoiada, sujeitas a cargas oscilatórias espacialmente concentradas ou distribuídas através de pulsos.