This research demonstrates two different applications of digital terrain data for improving multispectral classification of forest and range cover types. One method involves a stratification process to determine probabilities of occurrence and to develop an ecological distribution model for the six major vegetation types within the eastern San Francisco Volcanic Field in Arizona. The second method employs reflectance modeling techniques to reduce brightness variations resulting from topography and illumination in Landsat image data of the area in order to examine the intrinsic qualities of the natural surface cover. Image processing techniques are used to simulate the topographic effect on surface radiance and for quantifying Landsat scene modulation due solely to topography and sun angle. These two pre-classification modeling techniques lead to higher accuracies of cover type classifications. Further investigations and model integration are recommended to gain a more thorough understanding of vegetation cover characteristics in mountainous terrain.

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Extensive systems of terraces in Castle Hill Basin are evidence for widespread cycles of aggradation and degradation of the rivers. The surfaces formed during periods of aggradation have been named as follows: Bridge Hill surface, Long Spur surface, Enys surface, Cheeseman surfaces and Post-Cheeseman surfaces. Evidence from moraines indicates that these aggradational surfaces were created during periods of glaciation when the streams of the valley were overloaded. Degradation and valley deepening ensued during non-glacial conditions, leaving the former river floodplains preserved as glacial terraces. The terraces ol' Castle Hill Basin have been correlated with similar surfaces in the Waimakariri Valley described by Dr. Maxwell Gage.

The Khorat Plateau of Northeastern Thailand is a shallow saucer-shaped basin tilted slightly to the southeast. It is divided into three structural provinces with the Phu Phan folds at the center and the Sakon Nakhon and Khorat Basins on the two flanks of the folds. The plateau is mainly underlain by Triassic sandstone and shale of the Khorat Series, Permia.n limestone of the Rat Bun Series, and pre-Permian shale, sandstone, phyllite, slate, and quartzite of the Kanchana Bun Series. It is also overlain by shale and siltstone, with interbedded rock salt and gypsum of Jurassic and younger age. Alluvium and terrace deposits occur mainly along the courses of the Mun, Clii, and Mae Khong Rivers and in limestone terrane. Ground water occurs within five aquifers: alluvium, upper shale and siltstone, Phu Phan sandstone, Phra Wihan and Phu Kadung sandstones, and limestone. The ground-water system is recharged by the tropical monsoon rainfall with an annual average of about 1, 330 millimeters. The chemical quality of the ground water varies considerably. The major constituents in water of the alluvial aquifer are calcium, sodium, iron, chloride, and bicarbonate, which give hardness properties to water. The water has no salinity or alkali hazard for agriculture, however. The sources of chemical constituents are mainly from clay minerals in the aquifer and contamination with mineralized water from both the lower aquifer and leached zones0 The shale and siltstone aquifer produces water of most inferior character, among which sodium chloride, calcium sulfate, and calcium bicarbonate types are common. The principal sources of these chemical constituents are rock salts and gypsum layers existing within the aquifer. Percolating water carrying salts which have been laid down on the ground surface through capillary action and evaporation is also considered as another source. Water in the Phu Phan sandstone and Phra Wihan and Phu Kadung sandstones is generally similar in properties and character. The major dissociated ions are iron, calcium, and bicarbonate, with sodium, chloride, and sulfate in places. The principal sources are impurities of cementing materials of sandstone, residual salts in interbedded shale, and contamination by mineralized waters from overlying aquifers and leached zones. The property and character of water are satisfactory for most purposes. The limestone aquifer is free from sodium and chloride, but contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and bicarbonate, of which the sources are dolomitic limestone and gypsum. These chemical constituents are usually responsible for carbonate hardness at shallow depths and noncarbonate hardness at greater depths. The water also has salinity hazards for agricultural uses0 For ground-water development, depths of wells within the shale and siltstone aquifer should be limited to not more than 300 feet, because the salty water mostly occurs in the deeper zones. In limestone, the well should not be more than 200 feet deep, due to the occurrence of highly saline water beyond the specified depth0 In other aquifers the location and depth of wells are not critical.

The Satpura region of Central India is characterized by hilly mountainous terrain and plateau country. The recent drilling of over 500 tube wells in the study area by the Evangelical Lutheran Church (E.L.C.) Water Development Project provided the data base for this study. Geologically, the area is underlain by crystalline rocks, basalts, and sandstones. Ground water flow systems are of the local and intermediate type. Well data such as yield, depth, depth of overburden, and aquifer depth were analyzed statistically according to rock type and topography. Wells drilled in valleys and flat uplands were the most productive and average well yields in crystalline rocks (23.9 gpm) were greater than In basalts (17.3 gpm) and sandstones (9.7 gpm). Linear and non-linear relationships among well parameters were analyzed to determine factors affecting well yields. Topographic location and fracturing were considered to be the predominant factors affecting well yields in the crystalline rocks. Well yield and specific capacity results were compared to results from areas of similar geology. Both step-drawdown and constant rate pumping tests were conducted on production wells. Step-test results indicated that well losses are significant in a number of wells tested and appear to be related to non-Darcian flow in the aquifer adjacent to the well. Constant rate pumping test results were analyzed by the Jacob-Cooper approximation to the Theis equation, and recovery data were analyzed by the residual drawdown method. Transmissivities in all three rock types ranged over two orders of magnitude, from 10² to 10⁴

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-136).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-122).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-224).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-170).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.