This thesis focuses on the reading of fiction written by contemporary French women authors, namely Julia Kristeva, Marie Darrieussecq and Monique Wittig, establishing the reader as an active and engaged actor in meaning creation. The reader enters into dialogue with the text, the author, the narrator(s) and the characters, carving out an imaginative readerly space in fiction. The main aim of this thesis is to examine how this space comes into being, and what tools are needed for its exploration. Concepts from three main theoretical fields are used to set the parameters for this readerly space: reception studies, intertextuality, and theories of the other. As was observed by Elizabeth Fallaize, reception studies and women’s writing have not been meaningfully combined. This thesis responds to this gap in research, simultaneously expanding our interpretations of the texts by looking at the multitude of intertextual links that can be established, and at the way reading influences our relations to the other. The Introduction examines the above-mentioned three theoretical areas, alongside elements such as the tasks of the reader, the materiality of the book, and the impact of reading groups. Chapter One examines two of Kristeva’s most recent works of fiction — Meurtre à Byzance and Thérèse mon amour — studying the mise en abyme of reading and writing, the issues that can arise from extensive intertextual links and autobiographical projections, and introducing concepts such as the reading Carmel and the text as Trojan Horse. Chapter Two explores the Darrieussecq-ien aesthetic universe, starting with a consideration of the four different types of intertextuality identified in Darrieussecq’s fiction. Darrieussecq’s work with language is analysed, before introducing the concept of the fiction of honesty. The fiction of honesty allows us to explore the relationship of trust between the reader and the narrator, while an analysis of the inscriptions of time offers a better understanding of the chronologies of the reading process. Chapter Three investigates Wittig’s works, focusing on her linguistic innovations, rewriting of myths and foundational stories, extensive use of sensorial writing, and links established between fiction and socio-political activism. Chapter Four considers the media reception of the three authors, introducing resources that are not easily accessible to Anglophone audiences. The Conclusion offers an overview of the findings of this thesis, before opening onto further avenues for research.

This thesis investigates the ways in which literary texts negotiate spatio-temporal movements and how, through the nature of narrative, they may offer models for expressing the lived experience of time and place. The theoretical framework traces developments in philosophies of time and space beginning with Henri Bergson’s concepts of duration and simultaneity. The desire to portray both of these informs Gilles Deleuze’s study of cinema to produce his writings on the image-temps and image-mouvement which highlight the constant change undergone in moving through space and time which he defines as différence. The transformative nature of our relationship with the space around us and the agency of the body in that transformation is seen by Deleuze as a positive creative force and one which demands a continual deterritorialisation and reterritorialisation evidenced in the literature studied. Henri Lefebvre further interrogates the importance of the body in the production of space and contributes to the debate around the creation of place and non-place taken up by Michel de Certeau, Edward Casey and Marc Augé, whose work on supermodernity articulates concerns about the absence of place at the end of the twentieth century. These theories provide a backdrop for a close reading of the literary texts published between 1989 and 2017. Each of the four authors selected interrogates spatio-temporal connections in their work and, in order to model our lived experience at the turn of the millennium they experiment with form, genre and language and raise questions about the formation, location and stability of the self. Patterns of repetition and rewriting in the works of Annie Ernaux and Patrick Modiano engage with non-linear approaches to narrative and problematize duration, stasis and the construction and accessibility of memory. The novels of Jean Echenoz explore non-places and liminal spaces in ways that suggest possibilities for the future of fiction and Marie Darrieussecq questions the centrality of the body in defining the self and its agency in creating place. My findings suggest that the desire to comprehend and mirror the lived experience of time and space motivates the literary project of the selected authors and that the nature of narrative, in its openness and fluidity, can replicate and respond to some of the anxieties around time, place and non-place at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l’Université Charles-de-Gaulle – Lille-3 pour l'obtention du diplôme de doctorat en Langue et littérature françaises. / Cette thèse est consacrée à l’analyse de six récits parus en France dans les quinze dernières années et qui se donnent pour objet la souffrance de l’enfant : Viol de Danièle Sallenave (1997), L’Enfant éternel de Philippe Forest (1997), Le Cri du sablier de Chloé Delaume (2001), Tom est mort de Marie Darrieussecq (2007), Les Mains gamines d’Emmanuelle Pagano (2008) et Un petit viol de Ludovic Degroote (2009). Si l’enfance malheureuse est, de longue date, représentée dans la fiction romanesque, les récits qui composent le corpus de cette thèse se signalent par le déplacement singulier qu’ils opèrent dans le traitement de ce thème. Prenant acte de son caractère radicalement insensé, les auteurs de ces textes cherchent moins à rendre raison de ce scandale qu’à inventer les moyens linguistiques, stylistiques et narratifs qui permettent de l’exprimer sans en atténuer la part d’insondable et d’inouï. Tous différemment, ils cherchent à reproduire dans la matière textuelle ce vacillement de la raison, à introduire du flottement là où l’axiologie commande des jugements définitifs. Pour eux, la souffrance de l’enfant, avant d’être dénoncée, doit encore trouver les moyens d’être énoncée. Si bien que la représentation de l’enfance souffrante en vient à constituer une pierre de touche sur laquelle s’éprouvent la parole, la langue, le récit – enfin, la littérature. L’étude de ce corpus requiert de mener, dans un premier temps, des analyses minutieuses qui font appel à des outils et concepts puisés dans diverses théories et méthodes – la linguistique, la stylistique, la rhétorique, la pragmatique, la sémiotique, la narratologie –, afin de mettre en lumière les déplacements sémantiques et sémiologiques effectués par ces six auteurs sur le lexique et les modes usuels de signification. Dans l’esprit de la perspective sociocritique, le résultat de ces analyses sera ensuite projeté sur les structures actuelles de l’imaginaire social français, de manière à évaluer la pertinence épistémologique et la singularité de ces formalisations littéraires en regard des autres pratiques discursives contemporaines. / This thesis is dedicated to the analysis of six novels published in France during the last fifteen years that explore childhood suffering : Viol by Danièle Sallenave (1997), L’Enfant éternel by Philippe Forest (1997), Le Cri du sablier by Chloé Delaume (2001), Tom est mort by Marie Darrieussecq (2007), Les Mains gamines by Emmanuelle Pagano (2008) and Un petit viol by Ludovic Degroote (2009). Although the unhappy childhood has long been addressed in fiction, these novels operate a unique deflection in their treatment of the theme. While acknowledging that this scandal defies reason, the authors of these texts, rather than attempting to explain, seek to invent the linguistic, stylistic and narrative means by which to express childhood suffering, without diminishing its unfathomable nature. In diverse ways, each looks to reproduce within the text this failure of reason, to question where axiology commands definitive judgments. According to these authors, the suffering of the child, before it can be denounced, must first be announced. In this way, the treatment of this theme may be perceived as a touchstone for speech, language, narrative – literature itself. The study of this corpus first requires meticulous analyses that employ tools and concepts drawn from diverse theories and methods – linguistics, stylistics, rhetoric, pragmatics, semiotics, narratology –, in order to shed light on the semantics and semiotic displacements operated by the six authors on the lexicon and the usual modes of signification. In the spirit of the sociocritical perspective, the results of these analyses will then be projected upon the French imaginaire social for the purpose of assessing the epistemological pertinence and the uniqueness of these literary strategies in regard to other contemporary discursive practices.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’analyse de six récits parus en France dans les quinze dernières années et qui se donnent pour objet la souffrance de l’enfant : Viol de Danièle Sallenave (1997), L’Enfant éternel de Philippe Forest (1997), Le Cri du sablier de Chloé Delaume (2001), Tom est mort de Marie Darrieussecq (2007), Les Mains gamines d’Emmanuelle Pagano (2008) et Un petit viol de Ludovic Degroote (2009). Si l’enfance malheureuse est, de longue date, représentée dans la fiction romanesque, les récits qui composent le corpus de cette thèse se signalent par le déplacement singulier qu’ils opèrent dans le traitement de ce thème. Prenant acte de son caractère radicalement insensé, les auteurs de ces textes cherchent moins à rendre raison de ce scandale qu’à inventer les moyens linguistiques, stylistiques et narratifs qui permettent de l’exprimer sans en atténuer la part d’insondable et d’inouï. Tous différemment, ils cherchent à reproduire dans la matière textuelle ce vacillement de la raison, à introduire du flottement là où l’axiologie commande des jugements définitifs. Pour eux, la souffrance de l’enfant, avant d’être dénoncée, doit encore trouver les moyens d’être énoncée. Si bien que la représentation de l’enfance souffrante en vient à constituer une pierre de touche sur laquelle s’éprouvent la parole, la langue, le récit – enfin, la littérature. L’étude de ce corpus requiert de mener, dans un premier temps, des analyses minutieuses qui font appel à des outils et concepts puisés dans diverses théories et méthodes – la linguistique, la stylistique, la rhétorique, la pragmatique, la sémiotique, la narratologie –, afin de mettre en lumière les déplacements sémantiques et sémiologiques effectués par ces six auteurs sur le lexique et les modes usuels de signification. Dans l’esprit de la perspective sociocritique, le résultat de ces analyses sera ensuite projeté sur les structures actuelles de l’imaginaire social français, de manière à évaluer la pertinence épistémologique et la singularité de ces formalisations littéraires en regard des autres pratiques discursives contemporaines. / This thesis is dedicated to the analysis of six novels published in France during the last fifteen years that explore childhood suffering : Viol by Danièle Sallenave (1997), L’Enfant éternel by Philippe Forest (1997), Le Cri du sablier by Chloé Delaume (2001), Tom est mort by Marie Darrieussecq (2007), Les Mains gamines by Emmanuelle Pagano (2008) and Un petit viol by Ludovic Degroote (2009). Although the unhappy childhood has long been addressed in fiction, these novels operate a unique deflection in their treatment of the theme. While acknowledging that this scandal defies reason, the authors of these texts, rather than attempting to explain, seek to invent the linguistic, stylistic and narrative means by which to express childhood suffering, without diminishing its unfathomable nature. In diverse ways, each looks to reproduce within the text this failure of reason, to question where axiology commands definitive judgments. According to these authors, the suffering of the child, before it can be denounced, must first be announced. In this way, the treatment of this theme may be perceived as a touchstone for speech, language, narrative – literature itself. The study of this corpus first requires meticulous analyses that employ tools and concepts drawn from diverse theories and methods – linguistics, stylistics, rhetoric, pragmatics, semiotics, narratology –, in order to shed light on the semantics and semiotic displacements operated by the six authors on the lexicon and the usual modes of signification. In the spirit of the sociocritical perspective, the results of these analyses will then be projected upon the French imaginaire social for the purpose of assessing the epistemological pertinence and the uniqueness of these literary strategies in regard to other contemporary discursive practices. / Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l’Université Charles-de-Gaulle – Lille-3 pour l'obtention du diplôme de doctorat en Langue et littérature françaises.