Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine whether any relationship existed between identified circumstantial factors about the living conditions of black families and specific conflict tactics employed by them in an informal settlement in the Helderberg basin. The research hypothesis is founded on crime statistics for the past five years for the Helderberg basin that have shown a generally higher crime incidence/reporting rate for informal and low cost-housing compared to more affluent areas in the basin (CIAC, 2000). The purpose of exploring the existence of such a relationship was to highlight particular circumstantial factors, assisting decision makers at local government to intervene more effectively in terms of funds and resources to ensure safer community. A semi-structured questionnaire, developed by the author, was used to determine the presence of circumstantial factors in this community; the Conflict Tactic Scales, (CTS), developed by Straus (1979), served as the measure to assess the predominant conflict tactics employed by families in Nomzamo, an informal settlement in the Helderberg basin. Fifty families (2 members per family) participated in the study with one condition that one of the members should be a child between the ages of 12 and 17. The only significant relationship that was obtained was between the circumstantial factorlevel of education, and the conflict tactic-physical assault between spouses, which highlights the fact that continued education raises ones' awareness and empowers one to speak out against violence in the home. Possible reasons were offered, given that no other significant trends could be determined in the study and recommendations for future research in this field are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om vas the stelof daar enigsins 'n verband bestaan tussen bepaalde omgewingsfaktore verwant aan die lewensomstandighede van swart gesinne in 'n informele nedersetting in the Helderberg-kom en spesifieke konflik strategieë deur hulle gebruik. Die navorsing hipotese spruit voort uit misdaad statistiek oor die afgelope vyf jaar vir die Helderberg-kom, wat oor die algemeen 'n hoë misdaadaanmeldingsyfer vertoon vir informele en lae-koste behuising areas in vergeleke met meer gegoede areas in die kom (CIAC, 2000). Die bepaling of daar wel 'n verband bestaan, het ten doelom besluitmakers binne plaaslike owerhede te assisteer om fondse tot hul beskikking, meer effektief aan te wend om misdaad verder te bekamp en die gemeenskap te beveilig. Die bepaling van die teenwoordigheid van omgewingsfaktore binne die gemeenskap, is gedoen deur middel van 'n semi-gestruktureerde vraelys wat deur die skrywer ontwikkel is; om vas te stel welke konflik strategieë meerendeels deur gesinne gebruik word in dié informele nedersetting, is gebruik gemaak van die Conflict Tactic Scales (CTS) soos ontwikkel deur Straus (1979). Vyftig gesinne (twee lede per gesin) het deelgeneem aan die studie met die voorwaarde dat een van die lede van die gesin 'n adolessent tussen 12 en 17 moes wees. Die enigste beduidenswaardige verband wat verkry is, was tussen die omgewingsfaktor - opvoedingspeil, en die konflik strategie - fisiese aanranding tussen eggenote. Dit dui daarop dat met toenemende onderrig, verhoog 'n mens se gewaarwordig en word 'n mens bemagtig om 'n standpunt in te neem teen geweld in die huis. Sekere redes word aangevoer gegee die feit dat geen ander beduidende verbande voortgespruit het uit die studie nie en voorstelle vir verder navorsing in dié veld word gegee.

Intimate partner violence is one of the major forms of violence against women, and it contributes to the inability of women to practice safer sex. This study uses a triangulation method to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and condom use. Secondary data was used for both the quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that women who report intimate partner violence are less likely to use condom. Other results from the quantitative analysis revealed that women with high socio-economic status are more likely to use condom. However, the qualitative analysis revealed that women experience intimate partner violence irrespective of their socio-economic status. Nevertheless, the two analyses revealed that a woman is less likely to use condom if her partner dislikes it. Moreover, negotiating for condom use could lead to further violence. As a result of this, there is need to target both men and women when addressing the issues of intimate partner violence and safer sex practice. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation looks at husbands as victims of family violence at the hands of their spouses. Four white Afrikaans speaking persons from Pretoria were interviewed in case studies focusing on the problem of husband abuse. During the interviews use was made of an interview schedule based on contemporary theoretical explanations for the phenomenon. Three of the participants were white males who elaborated on their own experiences as victims of marital violence. A fourth participant was a white female who elaborated on her father’s experiences as a victim of marital violence. The taped recordings of the interviews were transcribed and a data set developed by using AtlasTi. The data set was used to construct the social worlds of men as victims of marital violence by focusing on eight categories: definitions of violence, frequency of violence, causes of violence, violent insidents, effects of violence, disintegration of the relationship, remaining in a violent relationship and men and women’s propensity for violence. The data set was further used to examine the contemporary theoretical explanations for family violence at the micro, meso and macro levels. Regarding the micro level constructs, there seems to be application value for the psychobiological and psychodynamic perspectives. The victim theory does not seem to have much apllication value. With regard to the meso level constructs, it seems as if stress theory and traumatic bonding theory, exchange/social control theory and social learning theory may be useful in explaining marital violence. Power theory and resource theory, in an amended form, may also be of value. The application of conflict theory seems problematic since it is not clear whether violence leads to isolation or vice versa. Regarding the macro level analysis, it seems as though the culture of violence theory and the subculture of violence theory have strong application value. General systems theory is difficult to apply, but theoretically specific questions to the participants brought to light that support networks for male victims are inadequate or even absent. The patriarchal feminist theory seems to have no apllication value seeing that three of the main assumptions of this theory collapsed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif kyk na getroude mans as slagoffers van gesinsgeweld aan die hand van hul vroue. Onderhoude is gevoer met vier wit Afrikaanssprekende persone van Pretoria in gevallestudies met die fokus op die probleem van eggenoot-misbruik. Gedurende die onderhoude is gebruik gemaak van ‘n onderhoudskedule wat gebaseer is op kontemporêre teoretiese verduidelikings vir die verskynsel. Drie van die deelnemers was blanke mans wat uitgebrei het oor hul eie ervarings as slagoffers van huweliksgeweld. ‘n Vierde deelnemer was ‘n blanke vrou wat uitgebrei het op haar vader se ondervindings van huweliksgeweld. Die bandopnames van die onderhoude is getranskribeer en ‘n datastel ontwikkel deur gebruik te maak van AtlasTi. Die datastel is gebruik om die sosiale wêrelde van mans, as slagoffers van huweliksgeweld, te konstrueer deur te fokus op agt kategorieë: geweldsomskrywings, geweldsfrekwensie, geweldsoorsake, geweldsinsidente, geweldseffek, verhoudingsdisintegrasie, aanbly in die geweldsverhouding en mans en vroue se geneigdheid tot geweld. Die data is verder gebruik om die kontemporêre teoretiese verduidelikings vir gesinsgeweld op die mikro-, meso- en makrovlakke mee te eksamineer. Onder die mikrovlak-konstrukte skyn daar sterk toepassingsmoontlikhede te wees vtr die psigo-biologiese en psigodinamiese perspektiewe. Die blameer-die -slagoffer-perspektief skyn nie veel toepassingswaarde te hê nie. Onder die mesovlak-konstrukte blyk stresteorie en traumatiese bindingsteorie, ruil-/sosiale beheerteorie en sosiale leerteorie bruikbaar te wees in die verklaring van huweliksgeweld. Magsteorie en hulpbronteorie kan ook van waarde wees. Die toepassing van konflikteorie skyn problematies te wees, want dit is nie seker of die geweld lei tot isolasie van die gesin of omgekeerd nie. Wat die makrovlak-konstrukte aanbetref blyk geweldskultuurteorie en die subkultuur van geweldsteorie ook sterk toepassingsmoontlikhede te hê. Algemene sisteemteorie is moeilik toepasbaar, maar teoreties-spesifieke vrae aan die deelnemers het aan die lig gebring dat ondersteuningsnetwerke vir manslagoffers gebrekkig of selfs afwesig is. Die patriargale feministiese teorie skyn geen toepassingswaarde te hê nie aangesien die drie hoofaannames van hierdie teorie platval.

Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

The purpose of this research was to describe and explain family violence in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. Other theories were also applied eclectically. The literature review was used to design a research schedule (questionnaire). This schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC) at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample consisting of 415 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat, Eersterust and Mamelodi, during the period between 1 January 2001 and 1 March 2002. Domestic violence is caused by macrosocial-, gender- and relationship factors. These causes can be explained by certain aspects of structural- process- reaction and the learned helplesness theories. The adjudication of this causes and explanations focus on primary, secondary and tersiary aspects of prevention. Triggering facors, confrontation, crime incidents and restoring the equalibrium were studied in relation to the dynamics of domestic violence. All these factors such as causes, explanations, prevention and dynamics , are considered to explain the stabilization of domestic violence. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om gesinsgeweld in die Gauteng-Provinsie van Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. E)it is gedoen aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiiiese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere gebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde hulpeloosheid, asook ander teoriee wat eklekties bygewerk is. Die literahmrstudie is gebrnik om 'n skedule (vraelys) te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting- Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir die samestelling van 'n geriefHkheidsteekproef bestaande uit 415 gevalle. Hierdie gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat Eersterust en Mamelodi, tussen 1 Jamiaiie 2001 en 1 Maart 2002. Makrososiale faktore, geslagsrolsosialisering en verhoudingsfaktore veroorsaak gesinsgeweld. Sekere elemente van die struktuur- proses- reaksie- en aangeleerde hulpeloosheidsteoriee kan dit verklaar. Die beregting van bogenoemde fokus op primere, sekondere en tersiere voorkomingsaksies. Die dinamika waarop gefokus word met betrekking tot gesinsgeweld sluit in aspekte soos: die snellerfaktore, konfrontasie, die praktiese misdaadinsident en uiteindelik die herstelde ekwillibrium. A1 die faktore (oorsake, verklarings, voorkoming en dinamika) lei uiteindelik tot die stadium waar waar verduidelik word hoe gesinsgeweld gestabilliseer word. / Criminology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)

The purpose of this research was to describe and explain family violence in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. Other theories were also applied eclectically. The literature review was used to design a research schedule (questionnaire). This schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC) at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample consisting of 415 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat, Eersterust and Mamelodi, during the period between 1 January 2001 and 1 March 2002. Domestic violence is caused by macrosocial-, gender- and relationship factors. These causes can be explained by certain aspects of structural- process- reaction and the learned helplesness theories. The adjudication of this causes and explanations focus on primary, secondary and tersiary aspects of prevention. Triggering facors, confrontation, crime incidents and restoring the equalibrium were studied in relation to the dynamics of domestic violence. All these factors such as causes, explanations, prevention and dynamics , are considered to explain the stabilization of domestic violence. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om gesinsgeweld in die Gauteng-Provinsie van Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. E)it is gedoen aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiiiese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere gebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde hulpeloosheid, asook ander teoriee wat eklekties bygewerk is. Die literahmrstudie is gebrnik om 'n skedule (vraelys) te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting- Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir die samestelling van 'n geriefHkheidsteekproef bestaande uit 415 gevalle. Hierdie gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat Eersterust en Mamelodi, tussen 1 Jamiaiie 2001 en 1 Maart 2002. Makrososiale faktore, geslagsrolsosialisering en verhoudingsfaktore veroorsaak gesinsgeweld. Sekere elemente van die struktuur- proses- reaksie- en aangeleerde hulpeloosheidsteoriee kan dit verklaar. Die beregting van bogenoemde fokus op primere, sekondere en tersiere voorkomingsaksies. Die dinamika waarop gefokus word met betrekking tot gesinsgeweld sluit in aspekte soos: die snellerfaktore, konfrontasie, die praktiese misdaadinsident en uiteindelik die herstelde ekwillibrium. A1 die faktore (oorsake, verklarings, voorkoming en dinamika) lei uiteindelik tot die stadium waar waar verduidelik word hoe gesinsgeweld gestabilliseer word. / Criminology and Security Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)