Orientador: Alexandre Magno Sebbenn / Resumo: A presente dissertação de mestrado é composta por uma seção introdutória, seguida de uma revisão da literatura a qual antecede os três capítulos subsequentes. O primeiro capítulo aborda um conjunto de revisões de conhecimentos científicos contemporâneos sobre os efeitos da exploração madeireira em florestas tropicais e as práticas madeireiras utilizadas no Brasil, quais têm se demonstrado insuficientes para garantir a sustentabilidade tanto na produção genética quanto na produção madeireira. O segundo capítulo é um “primer note” descrevendo a identificação de 402 loci putativos (polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único – SNPs, inserções / deleções - INDELs) para Ipe (Handroanthus sp.), destinado à estudos de genética de populações, filogeografia e DNA fingerprinting. O último capítulo discute a viabilidade de DNA fingerprinting para espécies do gênero Handroanthus. Esse traz a análise da diversidade genética, diferenciação genética de populações de Handroanthus sp., bem como entre os países de origem das amostras, análises de auto atribuição de genótipos e testes de atribuição de madeira ao local de origem. / Mestre

Submitted by BÁRBARA ROCHA VENANCIO null (b.rvenancio@outlook.com) on 2017-06-01T12:26:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Bárbara Rocha Venancio_2017.pdf: 1455087 bytes, checksum: 52124957d6d5433b1fb34b032cc3d9c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-02T13:19:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 venancio_br_me_ilha.pdf: 1455087 bytes, checksum: 52124957d6d5433b1fb34b032cc3d9c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T13:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 venancio_br_me_ilha.pdf: 1455087 bytes, checksum: 52124957d6d5433b1fb34b032cc3d9c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação de mestrado é composta por uma seção introdutória, seguida de uma revisão da literatura a qual antecede os três capítulos subsequentes. O primeiro capítulo aborda um conjunto de revisões de conhecimentos científicos contemporâneos sobre os efeitos da exploração madeireira em florestas tropicais e as práticas madeireiras utilizadas no Brasil, quais têm se demonstrado insuficientes para garantir a sustentabilidade tanto na produção genética quanto na produção madeireira. O segundo capítulo é um “primer note” descrevendo a identificação de 402 loci putativos (polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único – SNPs, inserções / deleções - INDELs) para Ipe (Handroanthus sp.), destinado à estudos de genética de populações, filogeografia e DNA fingerprinting. O último capítulo discute a viabilidade de DNA fingerprinting para espécies do gênero Handroanthus. Esse traz a análise da diversidade genética, diferenciação genética de populações de Handroanthus sp., bem como entre os países de origem das amostras, análises de auto atribuição de genótipos e testes de atribuição de madeira ao local de origem. / The present master dissertation is composed by an introductory section, followed by a review of literature, which prefaces the three subsequent chapters. The first chapter of this dissertation is a review assembly contemporary scientific knowledge about the effects of the forest logging in tropical rainforests and the actual logging practices used in Brazil, which seems insufficient to ensure sustainability in both genetic and timber production aspects. The second chapter is a primer note describing the identification of 402 putative loci (single nucleotide polymorphisms –SNPs; and insertion/deletions- INDELs) for Ipe (Handroanthus sp.), intended to help population genetics, phylogeography and DNA fingerprinting studies. The last chapter discuss the feasibility of DNA fingerprinting for Handroanthus species. It brings genetic diversity analysis, genetic differentiation of Handroanthus sp. sample-populations, as well as among countries, self-assignment and timber assignment tests analysis.

Parasitism in plants is often accompanied by a suite of morphological and physiological changes resulting in a condition known as the ‘parasitic reduction syndrome’. With changes including extreme vegetative reduction, frequently beyond any resemblance to its photosynthetic relatives, accompanied by significant losses of genes linked to photosynthesis, the study of parasitic plants can be challenging. Conopholis (Orobanchaceae) is a small holoparasitic genus distributed across eastern and southwestern North America and Central America. This genus has never been the subject of a molecular phylogenetic or morphometric analyses. In addition, very little is known of the relationships among populations and of their post-glacial history. To investigate the species limits and phylogenetic relationships in Conopholis, we conducted a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of the genus as well as a fine-scale morphometric study. Based on plastid and nuclear sequences, Conopholis was found to contain three distinct and well-supported lineages which have varying degrees of overlap with previously proposed taxa. The clustering and ordination analyses of the morphometric study corroborated the molecular data, demonstrating the morphological differentiation between the three lineages detected within Conopholis. A taxonomic re-alignment is proposed for the genus that recognizes three species, C. americana, C. panamensis, and C. alpina. To address genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of C. americana in eastern North America, microsatellite markers were developed and characterized for the first time in this species. Using these newly generated markers along with sequences from the plastid genome, the persistence of a minimum of two glacial refugia at the last glacial maximum were inferred, one in Florida and southern Alabama and another in the Appalachian Mountains near the southern tip of Blue Ridge Mountains. The diversity seen across the southern Appalachian Mountains supports the hypothesis that populations derived from the southern and northern refugia come together in this area.

Parasitism in plants is often accompanied by a suite of morphological and physiological changes resulting in a condition known as the ‘parasitic reduction syndrome’. With changes including extreme vegetative reduction, frequently beyond any resemblance to its photosynthetic relatives, accompanied by significant losses of genes linked to photosynthesis, the study of parasitic plants can be challenging. Conopholis (Orobanchaceae) is a small holoparasitic genus distributed across eastern and southwestern North America and Central America. This genus has never been the subject of a molecular phylogenetic or morphometric analyses. In addition, very little is known of the relationships among populations and of their post-glacial history. To investigate the species limits and phylogenetic relationships in Conopholis, we conducted a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of the genus as well as a fine-scale morphometric study. Based on plastid and nuclear sequences, Conopholis was found to contain three distinct and well-supported lineages which have varying degrees of overlap with previously proposed taxa. The clustering and ordination analyses of the morphometric study corroborated the molecular data, demonstrating the morphological differentiation between the three lineages detected within Conopholis. A taxonomic re-alignment is proposed for the genus that recognizes three species, C. americana, C. panamensis, and C. alpina. To address genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of C. americana in eastern North America, microsatellite markers were developed and characterized for the first time in this species. Using these newly generated markers along with sequences from the plastid genome, the persistence of a minimum of two glacial refugia at the last glacial maximum were inferred, one in Florida and southern Alabama and another in the Appalachian Mountains near the southern tip of Blue Ridge Mountains. The diversity seen across the southern Appalachian Mountains supports the hypothesis that populations derived from the southern and northern refugia come together in this area.