The three publications offered for evaluation, The Art of Sword Fighting in Earnest, Mastering the Art of Arms vol 1: The Medieval Dagger, and The Duellist's Companion, establish by example the relatively young discipline of the accurate recreation of historical martial skills. This discipline includes the following elements: • Textual analysis of historical sources (The Art of Sword Fighting in Earnest). • Image analysis for the purpose of establishing details of the execution of the illustrated action (all three works). Mechanical or kinesthetic analysis of the actions described and depicted (The Medieval Dagger, The Duellist's Companion). • Determination of the historical and combat context in which the system is intended to work. In these cases, a formal duel or tournament contest between knights (The Art of Sword Fighting in Earnest, The Medieval Dagger), or illegal but socially acceptable unarmoured duelling (The Duellist's Companion). • Observation of the overall tactical and mechanical preferences of the martial system represented (The Medieval Dagger, The Duellist's Companion). • Organisation of the material into a syllabus for study and practice (The Medieval Dagger, The Duellist's Companion). The submitted works demonstrate the discipline as applied to the extant works of three historical masters: Philippo Vadi (ca 1440-1500), Fiore dei Liberi (ca 1350-1420), and Ridolfo Capoferro (ca 1557-1620). The unified body of work is the approach to the material as represented by these books. The submitted works: 1. The Art of Sword Fighting in Earnest (2018) is a translation and commentary on the late 15th-century Italian manuscript De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi. It makes the content of the manuscript available to anglophone non-paleographers, in a transparent way. The translation itself has also been released as a free download, with the original images in colour reproduction. 2. Mastering the Art of Arms vol 1: The Medieval Dagger (2012) is a practical syllabus for understanding and executing the dagger combat skills represented in Fiore dei Liberi's 1410 manuscript Il Fior di Battaglia. It includes detailed reference to the source, but also provides a template for martial skill development, such as ways to gradually increase the intensity and complexity of the drill until it approaches an actual combat environment. 3. The Duellist's Companion (2006) is a training guide for the style of rapier combat represented in Ridolfo Capoferro's 1610 work Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'uso della scherma. Rapier mechanics and actions are refined and complex, so this book covers mechanics in some detail, and provides comprehensive instructions for making Capoferro's techniques and theory accessible to the modern reader. Taken as a whole, these publications represent a new form of manuscript study: the recreation from textual sources of our hitherto lost martial heritage, and the development of a pedagogical method by which these arts can be safely taught and practised.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

The diploma thesis describes how to ascertain the influence of basic martial arts on pupils at primary school. Selected martial arts exercises are planned in a four month period, and the pupil´s physical condition is closely watched to see how it is affected. To ascertain the improvement in the pupil's physical condition, the test called EUROFIT was used. And they correspond the question how these martial arts activities affect the physical condition of a pupil.

The purpose of the study has been to identify the motivational factors prompting the South African MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) fan to attend events and how these factors are influencing their spending patterns and media consumption. With the growing popularity of Africa’s biggest MMA promoter and the production values and size of events, EFC (Extreme Fighting Championship) is taking the African market to a global level. To understand the South African MMA fan, marketers should differentiate strategies to meet these various customers’ satisfaction needs and demands. Media plays a big role in the growing of the sport, and Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and television broadcasts all contribute to fans gaining access to the MMA sport. The following motivational factors were used to measure the MMA fan: Aesthetic quality, Sports interest, Drama/Eustress, Socialising, Vicarious achievement, Fighter interest, Adoration/Hero, Violence, Escape, National Pride and Economic Factors. Participants who attended the local amateur MMA fights in the south of Johannesburg were requested to complete the online web questionnaire to establish the motivational factors of South African MMA fans. Aesthetic quality, Sports interest and Drama/Eustress were ranked as the highest motivators. There were some gender differences where females indicated that they were more interested in the Drama factor and the males in the Sports interest factor. It was clear from the results that most male fans were drawn to MMA by word-ofmouth, clubs or events. The female fans used the internet and television as their media consumption of MMA. Although the study was limited to a local MMA event, insights into the motivation of the South African MMA fan were discovered as well as how media is consumed differently by different genders. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The purpose of the study has been to identify the motivational factors prompting the South African MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) fan to attend events and how these factors are influencing their spending patterns and media consumption. With the growing popularity of Africa’s biggest MMA promoter and the production values and size of events, EFC (Extreme Fighting Championship) is taking the African market to a global level. To understand the South African MMA fan, marketers should differentiate strategies to meet these various customers’ satisfaction needs and demands. Media plays a big role in the growing of the sport, and Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and television broadcasts all contribute to fans gaining access to the MMA sport. The following motivational factors were used to measure the MMA fan: Aesthetic quality, Sports interest, Drama/Eustress, Socialising, Vicarious achievement, Fighter interest, Adoration/Hero, Violence, Escape, National Pride and Economic Factors. Participants who attended the local amateur MMA fights in the south of Johannesburg were requested to complete the online web questionnaire to establish the motivational factors of South African MMA fans. Aesthetic quality, Sports interest and Drama/Eustress were ranked as the highest motivators. There were some gender differences where females indicated that they were more interested in the Drama factor and the males in the Sports interest factor. It was clear from the results that most male fans were drawn to MMA by word-ofmouth, clubs or events. The female fans used the internet and television as their media consumption of MMA. Although the study was limited to a local MMA event, insights into the motivation of the South African MMA fan were discovered as well as how media is consumed differently by different genders. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Title: Profile of a successful MMA fighter Objectives: The main objective of this dissertation is to put together a profile of a successful MMA fighter of the prestigious organization UFC which brings together the most successful fighters of various styles from all around the world. The next objective was to determine which fighting style in today's prestigious matches is the most appropriate and efficient one to become successful. Methods: It is a theoretical descriptive dissertation. The used method was a research compilation study from several available literary and electronic resources. It presents fight statistics and their evaluation based upon the pragmatic importance. Results: It has been determined that the most successful style of the MMA matches in the UFC organization is wrestler and based upon the available information a profile of a successful MMA fighter has been put together. Keywords: MMA, UFC, combat sports. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Title: Historical and Philosophical Context of the Art of Archery in Japan Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to describe Japanese martial art kyudo and introduce it to the wide public with the emphasis on the historical context and its relation to philosophical and religious systems. The first part focuses on the history and development of the Japanese archery, different kinds of Japanese martial activities and basic technique and equipment of kyudo in the frame of Japanese archery. The second part describes philosophical and religious systems within the context of martial arts, especially Zen Buddhism. Further, I will explain the general situation of kyudo within Czech conditions and introduce the role and the legacy of Eugen Herrigel, which is essential for modern kyudo. Methods: Basic methods of theoretical work (see the Methodology Section). Keywords: Kyujutsu, kyudo, martial arts, Japan

Orientador: Rômulo Araújo Fernandes / Banca: Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque / Banca: Diego Giuliano Destro Christofaro / Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar, ao longo de uma coorte de 09 meses de seguimento, se o ganho de massa óssea é superior entre jovens envolvidos em diferentes Modalidades Esportivas de Combate (MEC), quando comparado ao grupo controle (GC). Métodos: Nas medidas de base do estudo, os critérios de inclusão do Grupo MEC foram: (i) idade entre 11 e 17 (ii) mínimo de 06 meses de prática e (iii) a permissão do técnico ou professor responsável para participar. Ao todo, 50 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (19 meninas e 31 meninos) que estavam envolvidos em MEC e cumpriam os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados em clubes esportivos em diferentes áreas da cidade: Caratê (09 meninas e 05 meninos [estilo Shotokan]), Judô (08 meninas e 10 meninos) e Kung-fu (02 meninas e 16 meninos [estilo sanda]). Por outro lado, os critérios de inclusão adotados para o Grupo Controle (GC) foram: (i) com idade entre 11 e 17 e (ii) não se dedicam à atividade física regular / desporto fora da escola. Nas medidas de base, este grupo foi composto por 90 adolescentes de escolas e associações sem fins lucrativos de diferentes regiões da cidade (36 meninas e 54 meninos), que também compunham amostra de conveniência. Assim, a amostra do início da coorte foi composta por 140 adolescentes com idade média de 12,6 anos e de ambos os sexos. Após o seguimento de 09 meses, dos 140 jovens inicialmente avaliados, 67 indivíduos foram reavaliados e incluídos neste documento, sendo 11 meninos e 06 meninas do GC (n=17) e 31 meninos e 19 meninas do Grupo MEC (n=50). A avaliação da DMO foi realizada pelo DEXA, foi analisado o corpo todo e posteriormente o programa do DEXA separou em diferentes regiões do corpo: (i) DMO total, (ii) DMO dos membros inferiores, (iii) DMO dos membros superiores e (iv) DMO da região da coluna vertebra. Resultados: A comparação da DMO entre os diferentes grupos de MEC e do grupo controle apresentou diferenças estatisticamente relevantes para... / Abstract: Objective: To analyze, over a cohort of 09 months of follow up, the bone mass gain is higher among young people involved in different sports Combat (MEC) compared to the control group (CG). Methods: In the study the basic measures, the MEC Group Inclusion criteria were: (i) aged 11 and 17 (ii) a minimum of 06 months of practice and (iii) the permission of the coach or teacher in charge to participate. In all, 50 adolescents of both sexes (19 girls and 31 boys) who were involved in MEC and met the inclusion criteria were selected sports clubs in different areas of the city: Karate (09 girls and 05 boys [Shotokan style]), judo (08 girls and 10 boys) and Kung-fu (02 girls and 16 boys [sanda style]). On the other hand, the inclusion criteria for the control group (CG) were: (i) aged between 11 and 17 and (ii) not engaged in regular physical activity / sport outside school. In the baseline measurements, this group was composed of 90 adolescents from schools and non-profit associations from different regions of the city (36 girls and 54 boys) who also composed convenience sample. Thus, the start of the sample cohort was composed of 140 adolescents, mean age 12.6 years, of both sexes. After the following 09 months, 140 young people initially evaluated, 67 individuals were assessed and included in this document, including 11 boys and 06 girls CG (n = 17) and 31 boys and 19 girls of the MEC Group (n = 50). The evaluation of BMD was performed by DEXA, the whole body and then analyzed the DEXA program separated in different regions of the body: (i) the total BMD, (ii) BMD of the lower limbs, (iii) BMD of the upper and ( iv) BMD of the spine vertebra. Results: Comparison of BMD between different MEC groups and the control group showed statistically significant differences for all body regions analyzed except the pelvis (p-value = 0.966). To lower limbs higher values were found in the initial period (CG = 1.061 ± 0.028 and 1.146 ± 0.015 = MEC) and ... / Mestre

“There is no keener revelation to a society’s soul than the way it treats its children” -Nelson Mandela In places deemed safe for our children, they are being exposed, tainted and scarred by the darkness of crime - eight times as much as our adults. In desperation, some of our children seek support within their dysfunctional families but they fail. As their cries for a way out are unheard, the soul of our nation turns to crime as an alternative. This thesis explores the physical and emotional instability of children as a result of prevailing crime. Instability that, in cases, leads children into a life of crime. The look into statistics regarding children and crime intensifies the urgency of the problem. The aim of the new justice act is to divert children away from the formal justice system (a fairly new approach launched in 2010). An interview with social worker Esmé Jacobs pointed out that the use of a diversion center was a step in the right direction. In this thesis, the use of Martial Arts is being promoted and highlighted as the diversion. Martial Arts is used as a means to allow our brittle children to be nurtured, to be integrated in a safe environment, to be guided onto the best path, and can be seen as an alternative family entity. Martial arts was uncovered through its history and philosophies, and analyzed through its structures and composition. The effects of the practice of Martial Arts are prominent in the interview with Paul De Beer – an architect and one of the highest qualified aikido practitioners. De Beer introduces the look into a Clinical Martial Arts Programme for rehabilitation for children at risk. Martial Arts and nature are one. Architecturally, the concept embodies the amalgamation of nature and architectural design: The flow from one into the other; the concepts of openness and all-inclusiveness within Martial Arts are points to respect when creating the space for the recuperation of our children, and the architectural challenge of giving our at-risk children a chance at life by creating a second home and not an incarceration facility. Dojo Stara Wiés, the world’s largest performance training centre and a home for Martial Arts and Martial Artists alike, offers a platform to experience of the spirit, atmosphere and philosophy of Japanese Martial Arts. Dojo Stara Wiés was analysed to correctly expose the connection between Martial Arts and architecture and how they both embody the same energy and philosophies. Site selection had the prerequisites of educational, recreational and community facilities. Belief systems show the importance of water in cleansing and rebirth, therefore a site with water was crucial as it would aid change. The above elements were a priority when choosing a site so that children would be fully integrated within the environment and the community. Germiston Lake was chosen and analysed as the site for the Diversion Centre. A Martial Arts Diversion Centre: a young architect’s conscious effort to heal our children through the use of architecture in conjunction with the principles of Martial Arts. “Architects today tend to depreciate themselves, to regard themselves as no more than just ordinary citizens without the power to reform the future.” – Kenzo Tange

Public concern over the occurrence of bullying in schools has increased considerably within the last decade. Although there are many programs in place that attempt to address the problem of bullying in schools, they have achieved only varying levels of success, with many failing to alleviate the problem. In addition, although some researchers have conducted studies on either the relationship between self-esteem and bullying victimization or the relationship between self-esteem and participation in martial arts, few have conducted studies seeking to understand the correlation between participation in martial arts, bullying victimization, and levels of self-esteem. The current study measured levels of self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Rosenberg, 1965) and the frequency of bullying victimization (Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale; Mynard & Joseph, 2000) among twelve- to sixteen-year-old adolescents. The current study compared differences in self-esteem and bullying victimization between three groups of adolescents: one group consisted of students with less than two months of martial arts experience (minimal experience group; BG); one group consisted of students with 2–35 months of martial arts experience (moderate experience group; MG); and one group consisted of students with more than 36 months of martial arts experience (advanced experience group; AG). Participants (N=XX) were recruited from one county located in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States. Analyses of the data included MANOVA, comparing the three groups' data on measures of self-esteem and bullying victimization. Correlational analyses and Chi-Square analyses were also conducted to show relationships between variables. No significant differences were found between the reported self-esteem scores and reported bullying victimization scores of the AG and the BG or MG. There was a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and bullying victimization. And a significant relationship was found, using the Chi-Square analysis, between length of participation in martial arts and reported self-esteem.