京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20327号 / 工博第4264号 / 新制||工||1661(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 三村 衛, 教授 大津 宏康, 准教授 肥後 陽介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The aim of this diploma thesis is to design a health care center in Brno. The building is located in Ivanovice/Brno. The building is ambulatory health care center with two doctor's offices for adult patients, one doctor's office for child patients and one dentist's clinic. Also, there is a pharmacy in the building. Reinforced concrete strip foundation and reinforced concrete basement peripheral walls are designed for the building. For above ground floors, ceramic masonry blocks are designed for structural load bearing frame. Green roof solution is chosen for the roof of the building.

[pt] A alvenaria é um material largamente utilizado, e é fundamental a realização de pesquisas para caracterizar seu desempenho e elevar a sua utilização a um aspecto mais estrutural, não apenas funcional (separação de ambientes). Neste trabalho é apresentada uma modelagem em elementos finitos para estruturas de alvenaria. Utilizando um modelo numérico sofisticado com base no Método dos Elementos Finitos, associado a um modelo constitutivo adequado, busca- se uma representação mais real do comportamento destas estruturas. A modelagem da alvenaria consiste na representação do comportamento dos tijolos e da argamassa, assim como da interação entre eles. Elementos de interface apresentam- se como uma escolha natural para a descontinuidade física, intrínseca ao problema. Adicionalmente, eles podem representar fissuras provenientes tanto do modo I quanto do modo II, as quais representam aberturas potenciais e deslizamentos no plano, respectivamente. Para isso é necessário acoplá-los a modelos constitutivos que detectem os diversos modos de ruptura do sistema. Também são necessárias avançadas estratégias de solução que permitam seguir a formação de deformações localizadas. Como estratégias empregadas pode-se citar o controle de deslocamentos direto, controle de deslocamento relativo e controle de comprimento de arco. Neste trabalho, um modelo elasto-plástico baseado no critério de escoamento de Mohr-Coulomb foi escolhido para a representação da interface de argamassa. Exemplos foram analisados comparativamente com resultados numéricos e experimentais. / [en] Since masonry is a widely employed material, it is fundamental to better characterize its structural performance and extend its use beyond functional applications (separation of environments). In this work a finite element model for masonry structures is presented. By using a sophisticated numerical tool based on the finite element method, associated to suitable constitutive models, the behavior of these structures is represented in a more realistic way. Masonry modeling consists in representing the behavior of bricks and mortar, as well as the interaction between them. Interface elements present themselves as a natural choice for representation of the intrinsic physical discontinuities of the problem. Additionally, they can represent cracks arising from either mode I or mode II fracture, which represent potential opening and sliding planes, respectively. This requires the coupling of interface elements with constitutive models which embrace several system failure modes. In this work, an elasto-plastic model based on the Mohr- Coulomb yield criteria was chosen for the representation of the mortar interface. The brittle response of these structures often leads to localized failure modes. Advanced strategies of solution that allow us to follow the formation of localized strains are employed, namely displacement control, relative displacement control and the arc-length method. Application of this numerical tool to some numerical examples is shown and compared to experimental results. / [es] El hormigón es un material largamente utilizado por lo que es fundamental la realización de investigaciones para caracterizar su desempeño y extender su uso a un aspecto más extructural y no apenas funcional (separación de ambientes). En este trabajo se presenta un modelo de elementos finitos para extructuras de hormigón. Utilizando un modelo numérico sofisticado con base en el Método de los Elementos Finitos, asociado a un modelo constitutivo adequado, se busca una representación más real del comportamiento de estas extructuras. El modelo representa el comportamiento de los ladrillos y de la argamasa, así como de la interacción entre ellos. Elementos de la interface se presentan como una selección natural para la discontinuidad física, intrínseca al problema. Adicionalmente, se pueden representar fisuras provenientes tanto del modo ? como del modo ??, las cuales representan aberturas potenciales y deslizamentos en el plano, respectivamente. Para ello es necesario acoplarlos a modelos constitutivos que detectan los diversos modos de ruptura del sistema. Tembién son necesarias estrategias de solución avanzadas que permitan seguir la formación de deformaciones localizadas. Como estrategias empleadas se pueden citar: el control de deslocamentos, control de deslocamento relativo y control del largo del arco. En este trabajo se eligió un modelo elasto-plástico basado en el criterio de Mohr-Coulomb para la representación de la interface de argamasa. A modo de comparación se analizaron varios ejemplos con resultados numéricos y experimentales.

Cette contribution, en s’appuyant sur un travail expérimental et de modélisation numérique à l’aide de la méthode des éléments distincts, vise l’étude de structures en maçonnerie et de structures en pisé. Pour la partie maçonnerie, notre étude traite tout d’abord de modèles réduits testés sur table inclinable, puis dans un second temps nous avons testé des murs en briques à une échelle représentative. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons mené des essais sur des murs en pisé sous un chargement en cisaillement, avec ou sans précontrainte axiale de confinement qui correspond à une descente de charge. Une modélisation numérique par la méthode des éléments discrets a été réalisée pour ces différents cas d’étude. La comparaison entre les résultats expérimentaux et numériques, nous a permis, d’évaluer les pertinences et limites de la modélisation via la méthode des éléments discrets (DEM). / This contribution, based on experimental work and numerical modeling using the distinct elements method, aims to study masonry structures and rammed earth structures. For the masonry part, our study first deals with reduced models tested on tilting table, then in a second time we tested brick walls on a representative scale. In the second part, we conducted tests on rammed earth walls under a shear loading, with or without axial prestressing of the containment which corresponds to a descent of load. Numerical modeling using the discrete element method has been carried out for these different case studies. The comparison between the experimental and numerical results, allowed us to evaluate the relevance and limits of modeling via the discrete element method (DEM).

The content of the master thesis is processing of project documentation for he mountain boarding house in Zdobnice in Orlické hory, first done as a pilot project and then as a building construction project. It concerns a three floor building. Vertical load-bearing structures are made of ceramic blocks. Horizontal load-bearing structures are made of prestressed hollow core slabs. Roofing is solved with mono-pitched roof and flat roof. The access to building is from the west for the public and from the east for the staff. There is the ski and bike rental in this building.

This diploma thesis deals with the diagnostics of masonry structures. In the theoretical part of this thesis it is described the system of assessment of existing structures and then the assessment of existing masonry structures. The next chapter states the methods of survey of masonry structures, including evaluation. The practical part of the thesis deals with the survey of the building of a small castle. This survey includes a brief history of the castle building, the preliminary inspection of the building and the research of the supporting structure. The result of the survey is to determine the material characteristics of masonry.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the construction of administrative building in Brno. The main entrance to the building is oriented to the south-east. The building is L-shaped and it is designed as a two-storey, partly with a cellar. The perimeter bearing masonry of the above-ground floors is designed from ceramic blocks of thickness 300 mm and the internal bearing masonry of thickness 250 mm. After that the basement masonry is made of concrete blocks thickness 300 mm cast in concrete. Internal non-bearing masonry made of ceramic blocks thickness 115 mm. The insulation of the building is designed as a certified contact insulation system of EPS material. The horizontal bearing structures are designed as a ceramic prefabricated rib-and-filler floor with concrete grout. The stairs are designed as reinforced concrete monolithic. The roof is warm flat roof with an extensive vegetation layer.

Les séismes constituent une source d’aléas importante pour l’étude de la vulnérabilité d’unbâtiment. Le comportement parasismique des bâtiments à ossatures en bois est particulièrementintéressant. Deux familles de structure à ossature en bois peuvent être distinguées : les ossaturesutilisant les produits industriels que sont les panneaux en bois reconstitué servant à contreventerla structure et les connecteurs métalliques, et les ossatures traditionnelles avec remplissage reposantsur des techniques de construction anciennes et dépendantes du contexte local. L’efficacitédu comportement parasismique des bâtiments à ossature en bois traditionnels avec remplissagereste encore peu reconnue en raison du manque de résultats issus des travaux de recherche.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent ainsi à améliorer les connaissances sur le comportementparasismique de cette typologie constructive. Partant de l’hypothèse selon laquellece comportement est gouverné par la réponse des assemblages par connecteurs métalliques, uneapproche multi-échelles, couplant études expérimentales et études numériques est développée.Elle détaille l’analyse à l’échelle 1 de la connexion, en passant par l’échelle 2 des cellules élémentaires,constitutives des murs, par l’échelle 3 des murs de contreventement pour se finaliserà l’échelle 4 du bâtiment dans son ensemble.Sur le plan expérimental, cette approche permet d’une part, de réaliser des études paramétriqueset ainsi d’appréhender l’influence de la réponse de chaque élément (bois, clous, feuillard,remplissage, contreventement, ouvertures) sur le comportement local (échelles 1 et 2) et global(échelles 3 et 4) de la structure. D’autre part, elle permet de fournir une base de données pourla validation des modélisations numériques aux différentes échelles.Sur le plan de la modélisation numérique, cette approche multi-échelles est fondée sur la priseen compte du comportement non-linéaire hystérétique des assemblages à l’échelle supérieure, parl’intermédiaire d’un macro-élément, développé dans la cadre de la méthode des éléments finis.Ainsi, grâce à une modélisation simplifiée (assemblage des macro-éléments), le calcul est rapide,aussi bien à l’échelle du mur qu’à celle du bâtiment, et intègre les phénomènes non-linéaire locaux.Le modèle peut ainsi prédire de manière relativement précise le comportement dynamique de lastructure complète à l’échelle 4, testée sur table vibrante.L’étude présentée dans ce manuscrit fait partie des travaux précurseurs relatifs à l’analysede la vulnérabilité sismique des ossatures bois avec remplissage. Cette étude débouche sur denombreuses perspectives pour l’analyse de cette typologie constructive. Elle confirme que les bâtimentsà ossatures en bois avec remplissage ont un comportement parasismique très performant. / The seismic vulnerabilty is an important issue in the design of a building. The seismicresistant behavior of timber-framed structures is particularly relevant. Two types of timberframedstructures can be distinguished : the timber-framed structures using industrial products,such as wood-products panels used to brace the structure or metal fasteners, and traditionaltimber-framed structures included infill made of natuarl materials (earth or stones masonry).The seismic resistant behavior efficiency of traditional structures remains poorly recognizedbecause of the lack of research results on this kind of construction.Therefore, the thesis aims at improving the seismic behavior knowledge of timber-framedmasonry. Based on the assumption that their behavior is driven by the response of the metalfasteners connections, a multi-scale approach is proposed. It couples experimental and numericalstudies. At the scale 1 of the connection, at the scale 2 of the elementary constitutive cell ofwalls, at the scale 3 of structural elements such as shear walls and finally at the scale 4 of theentire building.In regards to the experimental work, this method allows, on the one hand, to perform parametricstudies and to analyze the influence of each element (wood member, nails, steel strip,infill, bracing, openings) on the local behavior (scales 1 and 2) and on the global behavior(scales 3 and 4) of the structure. On the other hand, it allows to provide a database to validatethe numerical modeling at each scale.In regards to the numerical work, this multi-scale approach allows to take into account thehysteretic behavior of joints in the development of a macro-element at the scale 2. Thus, thanksto a simplified finite element modeling (macro-element assembly), the computational cost islimited and it allows to take into account the local phenomena. The model is able to predictrelatively accurately the dynamic behavior at the scale 4 of the building, tested on a shakingtable.The study, presented herein, is one of the pioneer work that deals with the analysis of theseismic vulnerability of timber-framed structures with infill panels. This study provides outlookfor the analysis of this type of buildings. It confirms that the timbered masonry structures havea relevant seismic resistant behavior.

This thesis deals with a construction-technology plan of two-story nursery school in Brno, district Bystrc. Thesis contains engineering report, financial and time schedule for structures, project of construction site, noise study, technological notes and inspection and test plans for cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs and for prestressed concrete Spiroll floor slabs, formwork study, list of main machines used during construction, time schedule, needed quantity of workers and itemized budged for carcass, budged for whole building and comparison of cranes. Moreover, in appendices are drawings of approaches and processes during construction in its different phases.

The thesis summarizes the methods used to test and evaluate the characteristics of vertical masonry structures and further shows the evaluation procedure according to ČSN ISO 13 822. In the second part of this work there is a practical example of brick building assess-ment process, including determining the strength of the walls and the conversion of select-ed critical elements of the existing structure – window pier and wooden beamed ceiling.