En el prólogo de las Novelas ejemplares (1613), Miguel de Cervantes señalaba que hubiera preferido colocar su retrato en la primera página de su libro antes que escribir dicho prólogo, ya que esta práctica editorial era “uso y costumbre” en su época. Este artículo analiza el diálogo intertextual entre la práctica de la écfrasis o “retrato hablado” que ejecuta Cervantes en el prólogo mencionado y el retrato grabado que coloca Mateo Alemán en cada una de las dos partes del Guzmán de Alfarache (1599 y 1604). Se busca de esa forma iluminar la relación establecida entre un aspecto de la manufactura del libro y el texto mismo, así como su carácter de estrategia discursiva para ambos narradores auriseculares.---In the prologue of his Novelas ejemplares (1613), Miguel de Cervantes says that he would have preferred to place his portrait on the opening page of the book, rather than writing its prologue, since the former editorial practice was “uso y costumbre” in his age. This article analyses the intertextual dialogue between the “spoken portrait” written by Cervantes in his prologue and the engraved portrait of Alemán in both parts of Guzmán de Alfarache (1599 and 1604). I intend to study the relationship between the process of book manufacturing and the text itself, as well as the discursive devices underlying this operation.

The goal of this graduation's thesis was to focus on picaresque elements in The Exemplary Novels (Novelas ejemplares). The object of research were, therefore, ones of the most important works of the Spanish Golden Age - picaresque novels The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes (La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes) and Guzmán de Alfarache and their influence on Cervantes' literary works. We analyzed the picaresque elements, different variations of theirs' in the selected Exemplary Novels. More specifically, we dealt with the character of picaro, form of the works and a concept of realism in Alemán and Cervantes.

Cette étude cherche à mettre en lumière un moment décisif dans l’élaboration du genre picaresque espagnol, à travers l’écriture du corps malade et la réflexion anthropologique sur le modèle masculin du gueux colérique. Notre corpus se compose de cinq textes : les deux parties de Guzmán de Alfarache de Mateo Alemán, la suite apocryphe de Mateo Luján de Sayavedra, El Guitón Onofre de Gregorio González et El Buscón de Francisco de Quevedo. Il s’agira de montrer la nouveauté du regard alémanien sur le corps : le gueux de l’autobiographie fictive évoque de nombreuses pathologies spécifiques dans une double dimension descriptive et introspective, littérale et morale. L’écriture médicale fait des émules et les auteurs suivants, quoiqu’ils s’inscrivent en rupture avec la dimension morale de la démonstration alémanienne, s’évertuent à reproduire l’imaginaire médical construit autour de l’anthropologie masculine du colérique. La cohérence de ce système fondé sur la pensée humorale et la notion de microcosme, s’organise autour d’une représentation plus complexe de l’homme dans l’univers : par son tempérament, l’homme subit physiologiquement et psychologiquement des influences astrales et cosmiques. Francisco de Quevedo qui annule toute dimension psychologique dans son récit, remet en question le fondement de l’écriture nosologique à laquelle il adhère par ailleurs. Nous avançons l’idée que l’adhésion à l’imaginaire médical alémanien est paradoxalement le moyen par lequel les auteurs de récits picaresques de première génération font imploser le modèle de l’écriture morale de leur prédécesseur, condamnant le reste de la production à évoluer vers une littérature de divertissement. / The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on a decisive moment in the development of the Spanish picaresque genre, through the writing about the sick body and anthropological reflection on the masculine model of the angry picaro. Our corpus consists of five texts: the two parts of Guzmán Alfarache by Mateo Alemán, the apocryphal second part by Mateo Luján de Sayavedra, El Guitón Onofre by Gregorio González and El Buscón by Francisco de Quevedo. It demonstrates the new approach of the body proposed by Mateo Alemán: the picaro of the fictional autobiography mentiones many specific diseases in a descriptive and introspective, literal and moral, double dimension. The medical writing is emulated and although the following authors depart from the moral dimension of Mateo Alemán’s demonstration, they strive to reproduce the medical imaginary built around the male anthropology of the angry. The coherence of this system based on the humoralthought and the concept of microcosm, is organized around a more complex representation of man in the universe: by his temperament, the man undergoes physiologically and psychologically astral and cosmic influences. Francisco de Quevedo, negating any psychological dimension in his narrative, calls into question the basis of nosological writing to which he adheres elsewhere. We put forward the idea that joining the medical imaginary proposed by Mateo Alemán is paradoxically the means by which the authors of picaresque first generation narratives are imploding the model of moral writing of their predecessor, condemning the rest of the production to evolve into entertainment literature.