La thèse concerne l’usinage à 5 axes de formes complexes. Le but est d’estimer le plus précisément possible les efforts induits par la coupe pour ajuster la vitesse d’avance et gagner en performance. Pour cela, il est nécessaire d’estimer les engagements radial et axial de la fraise à chaque instant. Ce calcul est rendu particulièrement complexe à cause de la forme de la pièce, de la forme du brut et de la complexité de la géométrie de l’outil. Les méthodes usuelles par Zbuffer sont particulièrement couteuses en temps de calcul. Dans ces travaux nous proposons une méthode de calcul rapide à partir d’une modélisation du contact dans toutes les situations envisageables. Différentes simulations et expérimentations ont permis de valider la précision expérimentalement. / This study presents a simple method to define the Cutter Workpiece Engagement (CWE) during sculptured surface machining in five-axis milling. The instantaneous CWE was defined by determining two engagement points, lowermost engagement (LE)-point and uppermost engagement (UE)-point. LE-point was calculated using a method called grazing method. Meanwhile the UE-point was calculated using a combination of discretization and analytical method. During rough milling and semi-finish milling, the workpiece surface was represented by vertical vector. The method called Toroidal–boundary was employed to obtain the UE-point when it was located on cutting tool at toroidal side. On the other hand, the method called Cylindrical-boundary was used to calculate the UE-point for flat-end cutter and cylindrical side of toroidal cutter. For a free-form workpiece surface, a hybrid method, which is a combination of analytical method and discrete method, was used. All the CWE models proposed in this study were verified and the results proved that the proposed method were accurate. The efficiency of the proposed model in generating CWE was also compared with Z-mapping method. The result confirmed that the proposed model was more efficient in term of computational time. The CWE model was also applied for supporting the method to predict cutting forces. The test results showed that the predicted cutting force has a good agreement with the cutting force generated from the experimental work.

There is a strong industrial driving force to find alternative production technologies in order to make the production of aero engine components of superalloys even more efficient than it is today. Introducing new and nonconventional machining technologies allows taking a giant leap to increase the material removal rate and thereby drastically increase the productivity. However, the end result is to meet the requirements set for today's machined surfaces.The present work has been dedicated to improving the knowledge of how the non-conventional machining methods Abrasive Water Jet Machining, AWJM, Laser Beam Machining, LBM, and Electrical Discharge Machining, EDM, affect the surface integrity. The aim has been to understand how the surface integrity could be altered to an acceptable level. The results of this work have shown that both EDM and AWJM are two possible candidates but EDM is the better alternative; mainly due to the method's ability to machine complex geometries. It has further been shown that both methods require post processing in order to clean the surface and to improve the topography and for the case of EDM ageneration of compressive residual stresses are also needed.Three cold working post processes have been evaluated in order to attain this: shot peening, grit blasting and high pressure water jet cleaning, HPWJC. There sults showed that a combination of two post processes is required in order to reach the specified level of surface integrity in terms of cleaning and generating compressive residual stresses and low surface roughness. The method of high pressure water jet cleaning was the most effective method for removing the EDM wire residuals, and shot peening generated the highest compressive residual stresses as well as improved the surface topography.To summarise: the most promising production flow alternative using nonconventional machining would be EDM followed by post processing using HPWJC and shot peening.

Limitation of conventional machining equipment has become a growing concern over the past two decades due to the demands for greater machining accuracy in today’s manufacturing. The development of micro-machining has therefore attracted significant attention; it signifies the advancement of national economy as well as the level of accuracy manufacturing industry could achieve. While the connection between tool lifespan, cost of machining and throughput is well established, the factor of tool lifespan appears to have more significance since the miniaturization of tool could lead to further performance concerns such as its lack of strength and durability. On the other hand, raising feed rate and spindle rotation speed are the two common approaches for increasing manufacturing throughput. Such approaches tend to cause an increase in the thrust force subjecting the tool to greater stress, which is the main cause of tool wear and even tool failure. Through literature review and preliminary experiments, it was found that spot-drill is often done prior to micro-drilling since it prepares a pre-drill countersunk hole that helps the alignment of tool for subsequent micro-drilling. Although such pre-drill step does improve the micro-drilling operation, the fundamental issue of tool diameter difference still remains. Often the tool used for pre-drill has a bigger diameter than the one for micro-drilling although a significant difference is always something to be avoided. This is because the difference has to be picked up by the tool used for micro-drilling and is directly linked to the wear caused by increased thrust force. In this research the operation of micro-drilling is investigated via mathematical models. Such operation is further broken down into various steps and stages so more detailed description can be achieved. The findings are then further enhanced by simulation based on the 3D model of micro-drilling. Three materials were selected for this research: Al 6061T, Al/Cu metal alloy panel and Carbon fibre reinforced composites. Such a selection enables the study of individual characteristics of different materials and the variation in respective thrust forces. Finally, Conclusions present the summary of the main findings from micro-drilling process analysis based on research and investigation shown in earlier chapters. By combining actual measurements on micro-drilling and mathematic model this research hopefully would improve the understanding towards micro-drilling processes.

<p>Predmet istraživanja ove disertacije predstavlja unapređenje, modelovanje i optimizacija procesa elektroerozivne obrade (EDM) savremenih inženjerskih materijala. Prvo su predstavljene dve inovativne metode: EDM u dielektrikumu sa pome&scaron;anim prahom i EDM sa pomoćnom elektrodom, a zatim i njihova kombinacija. Za generisanje matematičkih modela primenjene su metodologija odzivne povr&scaron;ine i alati ve&scaron;tačke inteligencije. U nastavku su postavljeni optimizacioni procesi određivanja ulaznih parametara sa jednom i vi&scaron;e funkcija cilja koji su re&scaron;eni primenom klasičnih metoda optimizacije. U zavr&scaron;nom osvrtu sprovedena je verifikacija dobijenih modela i optimalnih ulaznih parametara elektroerozivne obrade.</p> / <p>The subject of the research of this dissertation is the improvement, modeling and optimization of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of advanced engineering materials. First, two innovation methods are presented: EDM in powder mixed dielectric fluid and EDM with assisted electrode and that their combination. The method of response surface and artificial intelligence tools were applied to generate mathematical models. The optimization problems of determining the input parameters with single and multiple target functions are solved by the application of classical optimization methods. Finally, verification of the obtained models and optimal input parameters of electrical discharge machining was carried out.</p>

The search for increased productivity and cost reduction in machining can be interpreted as the desire to increase the material removal rate, MRR, and maximize the cutting tool utilization. The CNC process is complex and involves numerous limitations and parameters, ranging from tolerances to machinability. A well-managed preparation process creates the foundations for achieving a reduction in manufacturing errors and machining time. Along the preparation process of the NC-program, two different studies have been conducted and are presented in this thesis. One study examined the CAM programming preparation process from the Lean perspective. The other study includes an evaluation of how the cutting tools are used in terms of MRR and tool utilization. The material removal rate is defined as the product of three variables, namely the cutting speed, the feed and the depth of cut, which all constitute the cutting data. Tool life is the amount of time that a cutting tool can be used and is mainly dependent on the same variables. Two different combinations of cutting data might provide the same MRR, however the tool life will be different. Thereby the difficulty is to select the cutting data to maximize both MRR and cutting tool utilization. A model for the analysis and efficient selection of cutting data for maximal MRR and maximal tool utilization has been developed and is presented. The presented model shortens the time dedicated to the optimized cutting data selection and the needed iterations along the program development.

The purpose of this study was to simulate the liquid flow rate distribution in the etching modules and find the optimal setup in order to achieve a distribution as homogenous as possible. The commercial software Matlab 2015a has been employed for all the numerical simulations. The optimization has been carried out varying several parameters, i.e. spray cross sections of the nozzles, the oscillation parameters, the rotating angle of the nozzles within etching module 1 and the nozzle arrangement inside the modules. Furthermore, the optimization has been carried out separately along the two directions of the modules. The results achieved computationally have been validated via experimental procedures. During this study a specific experimental setup has been developed in order to be able to compare experimental and computational results. The validation process has shown that the computational method matches the experimental results to a good extent. The experimental liquid distribution in etching module 2 widely matches the simulations to a quantitative extent, while the one in etching module 1 provides the same qualitative but different quantitative results.

Products with complicated shapes require superior surface finish to perform the intended function. Despite significant developments in technology, finishing operations are still performed semi automatically/manually, relying on the skills of the machinist. The pressure to produce products at the best quality in the shortest lead time has made it highly inconvenient to depend on traditional methods. Thus, there is a rising need for automation which has become a resource to remain competitive in the manufacturing industry. Diminishing return of trading quality over time in finishing operations signifies the importance of having a pre-determined trajectory (tool path) that produces an optimum surface in the least possible machining time. Tool path optimization for finishing process considering tool kinematics is of relatively low importance in the present scenario. The available automation in grinding processes encompass around the dynamics of machining. In this paper we provide an overview of optimizing the tool path using evolutionary algorithms, considering the significance of process dynamics and kinematics. Process efficiency of the generated tool movements are studied based on the evaluation of relative importance of the finishing parameters. Surface quality is analysed using MATLAB and optimization is performed on account of peak to valley height. Surface removal characteristics are analysed based on process variables that have the most likely impact on surface finish. The research results indicated that tool path is the most significant parameter determining the surface quality of a finishing operation. The inter-dependency of parameters were also studied using Taguchi design of experiments. Possible combinations of various tool paths and tool influencing parameters are presented to realize a surface that exhibits lowest errors. / European Horizon 2020 Project SYMPLEXITY

The diploma dissertation deals with description and division of technologies of coal storage yards. A content of it is classification of individual storages thoroughly divided according to their feature. It introduces with measuring equipment used while solving diploma dissertation. Is incorporated herein by a description of the PLC including a description of each associated modules. Further there is clearly mentioned specification of needed data that is necessary to scan for control system of the storage. Within the diploma dissertation was created electrical system documentation data of collection control systems for longitudinal landfill with two universal machines.

The diploma dissertation deals with description and division of technologies of coal storage yards. A content of it is classification of individual storages thoroughly divided according to their feature. It introduces with measuring equipment used while solving diploma dissertation. Is incorporated herein by a description of the PLC including a description of each associated modules. Further there is clearly mentioned specification of needed data that is necessary to scan for control system of the storage. Within the diploma dissertation was created electrical system documentation data of collection control systems for longitudinal landfill with two universal machines.

In der Photovoltaikindustrie wird der Diamantdrahtsägeprozess für die Fertigung kristalliner Siliziumwafer eingesetzt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein dynamisches Modell des Drahtsägeprozesses entwickelt, das die Simulation relevanter Prozessvariablen über die Prozesszeit und über die Ausdehnung des Drahtfeldes zulässt. Den Kern der Modellierung bildet ein parametrisches Abtragmodell, das die Abtragrate in Funktion verschiedener Prozessvariablen beschreibt. Die Parameter dieses Modells werden anhand von Messdaten identifiziert. Basierend auf dem validierten Modell werden Ansätze zur Rezeptoptimierung untersucht mit dem Ziel, die Produktivität zu steigern. Abschliessend wird ein ausgewählter Ansatz aus der Rezeptoptimierung experimentell validiert. Aus der Versuchsreihe geht hervor, dass mit den entwickelten Ansätzen eine wesentliche Reduktion der Prozesszeit möglich ist.:1. Einleitung 1.1. Einordnung der Arbeit 1.2. Beschreibung des Drahtsägeprozesses mit Diamantdraht 1.3. Technisch-wissenschaftliche Zielsetzungen 1.4. Stand der Technik 1.5. Gliederung der Arbeit 2. Modellierung des Drahtsägeprozesses 2.1. Überblick und Notation 2.2. Modell für den Kontakt zwischen Draht und Siliziumbrick 2.3. Parametrisches Abtragmodell 2.4. Drahttransformationsmodelle 2.5. Rezeptmodell 2.6. Überblick über das Gesamtmodell 2.7. Implementierung in der Simulationsumgebung 3. Identifikation der Modellparameter und Modellvalidierung 3.1. Messdaten und Experimente 3.2. Methodik der Parameteridentifikation 3.3. Ergebnisse und Diskussion 4. Ansätze zur Rezeptoptimierung 4.1. Zielsetzungen und Grundlagen 4.2. Analyse der Prozessvariablen im quasistationären Zustand 4.3. Beschreibung verschiedener Methoden zur Erhöhung des Abtrages 4.4. Simulationsbasierter Vergleich verschiedener Rezepte 5. Experimentelle Validierung der Rezeptoptimierung 5.1. Überlegungen zur Planung und Durchführung der Versuche 5.2. Abgleich mit dem Simulationsmodell 5.3. Auswertung und Diskussion der Versuchsergebnisse 6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / In the photovoltaic industry, the diamond wire sawing process is used for the production of crystalline silicon wafers. In this thesis, a dynamic model of the wire sawing process is presented, which enables the simulation of relevant process variables over the process time and the extension of the wire web. The model comprises a parametric material removal model, which describes the removal rate as a function of different process variables. The parameters of this model are identified using experimental data. Based on the validated model, different approaches to the optimization of the recipe are analyzed with the aim of increasing the productivity of the process. Finally, a selected approach is experimentally validated. The series of experiments reveals that a substantial reduction of the process time is achievable using the developed approaches.:1. Einleitung 1.1. Einordnung der Arbeit 1.2. Beschreibung des Drahtsägeprozesses mit Diamantdraht 1.3. Technisch-wissenschaftliche Zielsetzungen 1.4. Stand der Technik 1.5. Gliederung der Arbeit 2. Modellierung des Drahtsägeprozesses 2.1. Überblick und Notation 2.2. Modell für den Kontakt zwischen Draht und Siliziumbrick 2.3. Parametrisches Abtragmodell 2.4. Drahttransformationsmodelle 2.5. Rezeptmodell 2.6. Überblick über das Gesamtmodell 2.7. Implementierung in der Simulationsumgebung 3. Identifikation der Modellparameter und Modellvalidierung 3.1. Messdaten und Experimente 3.2. Methodik der Parameteridentifikation 3.3. Ergebnisse und Diskussion 4. Ansätze zur Rezeptoptimierung 4.1. Zielsetzungen und Grundlagen 4.2. Analyse der Prozessvariablen im quasistationären Zustand 4.3. Beschreibung verschiedener Methoden zur Erhöhung des Abtrages 4.4. Simulationsbasierter Vergleich verschiedener Rezepte 5. Experimentelle Validierung der Rezeptoptimierung 5.1. Überlegungen zur Planung und Durchführung der Versuche 5.2. Abgleich mit dem Simulationsmodell 5.3. Auswertung und Diskussion der Versuchsergebnisse 6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick