Cette étude a pour objectif de cerner les enjeux psychiques et culturels de la période périnatale à l'épreuve des ruptures générées par l’absence de domicile fixe chez des femmes migrantes originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne. Notre première hypothèse suppose que, durant la période prénatale, l’absence de domicile fixe réactiverait fortement le vécu de ruptures et de pertes associé à l’expérience migratoire et entrainerait une mise en suspens des capacités élaboratives rendant la femme peu disponible aux changements spécifiques de la grossesse. Notre deuxième hypothèse suppose que, durant la période post-natale, on observerait une redynamisation des processus psychiques puisque la naissance de l’enfant favoriserait l’inscription physique et psychique de la femme dans le pays d’accueil. Cette naissance permettrait à la femme de donner du sens à son histoire mais aussi de créer du lien entre le pays d’origine et le pays d’accueil ainsi qu’entre le passé et le présent. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons utilisé le complémentarisme de l’éthnopsychiatrie et construit deux grilles d’entretien. L’Entretien Transculturel pour les Représentations Maternelles pendant la Grossesse (ETRG) que nous avons utilisé auprès de dix femmes africaines enceintes de plus de sept mois de grossesse sans domicile fixe et l’Entretien Transculturel pour les Représentations Maternelles après la Naissance (ETRN) que nous avons utilisé auprès de sept de ces femmes entre les deux et quatre mois de leur enfant. L’analyse de nos entretiens a mis évidence que le travail psychique propre à la maternité se trouve complexifié par les contraintes générées par les conditions matérielles et affectives dans lesquelles vivent ces femmes migrantes. Cette recherche souligne la nécessité de mettre en place des solutions de mise à l’abri pérennes tout autant que des actions préventives en direction de ces femmes et de leurs enfants. Par-delà, cette étude permet de définir des modalités d’accompagnement spécifiques à ce public ainsi que de nouvelles perspectives de recherches transversales et longitudinales. Il s’agit de concevoir un soutien pour ces familles qui ne soit pas seulement matériel ou financier mais qui intègre la dimension sociale, psychologique et culturelle. / This study aims to identify psychological and cultural issues in the perinatal period in the event of disruptions generated by homelessness among migrant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Our first assumption is that, during the prenatal period, the homelessness reactivates the highly experienced disruptions and losses associated with the migration experience and would result in an interruption of the thought process. The consequence would then be that these women won’t feel available and disposed to experience the specific changes of pregnancy. Our second assumption is that during the postnatal period, there would be a revival of psychic processes thanks to the birth of their child, which will enable these women to anchor themselves physically and mentally in the host country. This birth would allow them to make a sense out of their own history but also to create a link between their country of origin and the host country, as well as between the past and the present. On the methodological level, we used the complementarism of ethnopsychiatry and built two interview grids. The Transcultural Care for Maternal representations during pregnancy (ETRG) that we used with ten homeless African women being at more than seven months of pregnancy and Interview of Transcultural Representations Nursery after Death (ETRN) that we used for seven women with children between two and four months’ old. The analysis of the interviews has highlighted that the psychological work related to maternity is complicated by the constraints generated by the material and emotional environment in which migrant women live. This research highlights the need to develop solutions to shelter these women and their children as well as to develop perennial preventive actions towards them. Beyond, this study defines the specific terms and conditions to support this public, as well as new research perspective both transversal and longitudinal. It is about designing a support for those families that will not only be financial or material, but which will integrate the social, psychological and cultural dimensions.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-05-14T12:58:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Casagranda Mesquita .pdf: 2078488 bytes, checksum: 7879cf2cbdbd1d1dd624b0c9f8381270 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Casagranda Mesquita .pdf: 2078488 bytes, checksum: 7879cf2cbdbd1d1dd624b0c9f8381270 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-17 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica buscou compreender a representação materna na perspectiva de crianças cujas mães apresentam problemas de saúde mental, no caso o Transtorno Depressivo. Para tal, foram investigados aspectos maternos relativos a manifestações clínicas das mães e também à compreensão de características intrapsíquicas ligadas à qualidade das relações objetais maternas. Ainda foram analisadas as manifestações clínicas infantis, bem como a identificação da expressividade emocional, dos processos defensivos, das estratégias de resolução de conflitos, indicativos de comportamento social e conflitos familiares. Esse estudo foi pautado pela abordagem qualitativa, adotando-se o procedimento de Estudos de Casos Múltiplos. Participaram desta pesquisa cinco duplas de mãe-criança. As crianças tinham uma faixa etária entre 7 e 11 anos. Para essa investigação foram utilizadas a entrevista semiestruturada, a ficha de dados sociodemográficos, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI-O), o Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL), o MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB) e o Teste do Desenho da Família. Conforma a análise qualitativa, foi possível constatar que essas crianças apresentam a representação de uma mãe disciplinadora com dificuldades na expressão do afeto. As crianças também indicaram resultados clínicos em sintomas de internalização e sofrimento emocional. Ainda, desenvolveu-se um artigo de revisão conceitual e do instrumental com o objetivo de discutir as bases conceituais do constructo da representação parental, bem como analisar as possibilidades de avaliação das representações infantis, a partir das narrativas do MacArthur Story Stem Battery. Considera-se que esta dissertação pode contribuir para a ampliação das reflexões acerca da representação materna em crianças cujas mães apresentam problemas de saúde mental, abrindo espaço de aprimoramento e discussão sobre essa questão, na busca por estratégias de prevenção e intervenção em famílias que vivenciam esta problemática. / This Master’s Degree thesis in clinical psychology aims to comprehend the maternal representation from the child’s - whose mothers have mental issues (Depressive Disorder) - perspective. Therefore, maternal aspects related to clinical manifestations of the mothers and also to the comprehension of intrapsychic characteristics associated with the quality of the maternal object relationships have been investigated. Yet, the clinical manifestations of the children as well as the identification of the emotional expression, the defensive processes, the strategies in conflict management, social behavior signs and famil y conflicts have been analyzed. This is a qualitative study - in a multiple-choice case-study procedure – in which five mothers and their children, aged between 7 and 11, participated. A semi-structured interview, Socio-demographics data analysis, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI-O), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB) and the family drawing test have been used for this investigation. According to the qualitative analysis, it was possible to verify that these children have a representation of a disciplinarian mother who has difficulties in expressing affection and clinical results such as internalization and emotional suffering. A conceptual and instrumental review article was developed aiming to discuss theconceptual basis of the construct of the parental representation and to analyze the possibilities to evaluate the child representations based on the narratives of MacArthur Story Stem Battery. This dissertation can contribute to enlarge the reflections on maternal representation in children whose mothers have mental health problems, providing a refinement and a discussion opportunity aiming prevention and intervention strategies in families who live this problem.