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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

Efeitos cosmológicos induzidos por campos quantizados / Cosmological effects induced by quantized fields

Yul Otani 30 September 2010 (has links)
A presente dissertação revisa um modelo, de autoria de C. Dappiaggi, K. Fredenhagen e N. Pinamonti, de um campo escalar real quântico não-interagente acoplado com a métrica de um espaço-tempo FLRW (Friedmann-Lemaítre-Robertson-Walker). Apresentamos a metodologia de quantização de campos de Klein-Gordon reais em espaçostempos globalmente hiperbólicos e discorremos sobre o procedimento de regularização do tensor de energia-momento via point-splitting. Consideramos os campos em espaços FLRW e estados adiabáticos com flutuação média de campo dado por h2i = m2 +R, com ; constantes provenientes do procedimento de regularização. A retroação do campo quântico gera a equação diferencial para o parâmetro de Hubble H(t) dada por _H (H2H2 c ) = (H2H2+ )(H2H2 ) com Hc uma constante e H pontos críticos estáveis da equação. Esse simples modelo mostra que efeitos quânticos podem, por si só, fornecer fases de de Sitter estáveis sem adição de uma constante cosmológica a priori. Mesmo que de caráter apenas qualitativo, tal resultado indica que análises cautelosas de processos de quantização são importantes para análise de efeitos cosmológicos de teorias quânticas de campos em espaços curvos. / The present dissertation reviews the coupling of a scalar non-interacting quantum field with the metric of a FLRW(Friedmann-Lemaítre-Robertson-Walker) spacetime, proposed in a work by C. Dappiaggi, K. Fredenhagen and N. Pinamonti. We present methods for the quantization of a real Klein-Gordon field in globally hyperbolic spacetimes and discuss procedures for the point-splitting regularization of the stress-energy tensor. We consider those fields in FLRWspacetimes and point out adiabatic states with mean field fluctuation given by h2i = m2+R, with ; being constants that emerge from the regularization procedure. The backreaction of the quantum field provides a diferential equation for the Hubble parameter given by _H (H2H2 c ) = (H2H2+)(H2H2) with Hc a constant and H stable critical points of the equation. In this way, this simple model demonstrates that quantum efects may, by themselves, exibit stable de Sitter phases even without an introduction of a cosmological constant by hand. Althoug in a qualitative way, such result shows that, when dealing with the backreaction issue, a careful analysis of the quantization procedures is important for the analysis of cosmological efects of models of quantum field theories in curved spacetimes.
282

Sistemas teóricos em Kant = o controle da experiência mediante as máximas da razão / Theoretical systems in Kant : the control of experience by means maxims of reason

Rosa, Rodrigo Augusto, 1986- 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Zeljko Loparic / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T16:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_RodrigoAugusto_M.pdf: 1118499 bytes, checksum: b4221870a962d1016101688ffbfd1ad5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Na filosofia kantiana os princípios sistematizadores do conhecimento são apenas regulativos. Neste caso, em oposição aos princípios constitutivos do entendimento que são objetivos a priori, os princípios reguladores são apenas subjetivos. Neste trabalho procuramos mostrar que apesar dos princípios sistematizadores serem máximas subjetivas, tais máximas são condição fundamental para elaboração racional da experiência. Em Kant, a racionalidade implica na submissão aos postulados da razão. No caso das ciências naturais, a elaboração racional da experiência deve ser em conformidade com as exigências sistemáticas do postulado teórico da razão. De acordo com Kant, assumimos as máximas da razão, não a partir de critérios objetivos, mas pela fé racional. Sendo assim, os princípios metafísicos da natureza, que Kant elabora para assegurar a racionalidade da física newtoniana, são máximas racionais que asseguram (mediante uma fé racional) um programa de pesquisa, antes do que uma ontologia / Abstract: In Kant's philosophy the systematizers principles of knowledge are just regulatives. In this case, in opposition to constitutive principles of understanding which are objectives a priori, the egulative principles are just subjectives. In this work seek to show that despite of systematizers rinciples are subjtives maxims, such maxims are fundamental condition to rational elaboration of experience. In Kant the rationality implies in submission to reason postulates. In the case of natural science, the rational elaboration of experience must be in conformity with systematic requirements of theoretical postulate of reason. According by Kant, we do not assume the maxims of reason from of objective criteria, but by rational faith. So, the metaphysical principles of nature, which Kant elaborates to ensure the rationality of Newtonian Physics, are rational maxims that ensure (by means of rational faith) a research program, even before an ontology / Mestrado / Historia da Filosofia Moderna / Mestre em Filosofia
283

Simulações numericas do colapso gravitacional de um campo escalar sem massa / Numerical simulations of the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field

Garcia, Raphael de Oliveira, 1982- 13 March 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Samuel Rocha de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T09:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_RaphaeldeOliveira_M.pdf: 2899892 bytes, checksum: 6befb1d82e7b4effd083097342934f7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação trata de um problema de colapso gravitacional do campo escalar sem massa com simetria esférica, de acordo com as equações de Einstein com acoplamento mínimo. Desenvolvemos algoritmos simples mas com ajuste automático de refinamento para obter soluções numéricas. O refinamento é necessário para descrever os fenômenos do colapso. Utilizamos rotinas comuns para resolver equações diferenciais ordinárias advindas do método das linhas aplicado às equações diferenciais parciais do modelo matemático, a saber, rotinas de Runge-Kutta e de splines cúbicas. Mostramos que é possível obter soluções tão próximas quanto se queria à solução de Buracos Negros e da solução crítica com os algoritmos desenvolvidos e simples computadores de mesa. / Abstract: This dissertation is about a problem of gravitational collapse of the spherically symmetric massless scalar field in accord to the Einstein equations with minimal coupling. We developed simple but with adaptative mesh refinement algorithm to obtain numerical solutions. The mesh refinement is required to describe the collapse phenomena. We used common routines to solve ordinary differential equations that come from the method of lines applied to the partial differential equations of the mathematical model, namely, Runge-Kutta and cubic splines routines. We showed that it is possible to get solutions as close as we want to the Black Holes solution and to the critical solution using our developed algorithms and simple desktop computers / Mestrado / Fisica-Matematica / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
284

Vórtices em superfícies de curvatura constante / Vortices on surfaces with constant curvature

Leal, Isabel, 1988- 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Alberto Vazquez Saa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T03:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leal_Isabel_M.pdf: 984828 bytes, checksum: b0a33558ae8b5683163892248364a85b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação, fazemos uma revisão da literatura existente sobre vórtices em superfícies de curvatura constante, dando especial atenção às questões de integrabilidade e não integrabilidade. Além disso, apresentamos alguns resultados originais sobre o movimento de vórtices no plano hiperbólico que indicam um possível caminho para demonstrar a não integrabilidade de um sistema de quatro vórtices nessa superfície / Abstract: In this thesis, we review the existing literature on vortices on surfaces of constant curvature, giving special attention to the issues of integrability and non-integrability. In addition, we present some original results on the motion of vortices on the hyperbolic plane that indicate a possible way to demonstrate the non-integrability of a system of four vortices on that surface / Mestrado / Matematica / Mestre em Matemática
285

Propagação semiclássica de estados coerentes / Semiclassical propagation of coherent states

Parisio Filho, Fernando Roberto de Luna 29 March 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Marcus Aloizio Martinez de Aguiar / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:21:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ParisioFilho_FernandoRobertodeLuna_D.pdf: 1316597 bytes, checksum: 7f79cd7aefdbaf70bddcdb50acb8e154 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta tese aborda diversos aspectos da propagação semiclássica de estados coerentes. Determinamos uma expressão bastante geral para o propagador entre tais estados que, ao contrário das fórmulas existentes na literatura, é válida para pacotes de larguras quaisquer. O resultado, obtido via integração funcional, depende de trajetórias clássicas num espaço de fase complexificado. Aproximações baseadas em órbitas reais são também analisadas e demonstra-se a origem comum dos propagadores gaussianos de Heller e BAKKS. Em seguida, é feito um estudo bastante completo da propagação semiclássica de estados coerentes na representação de posição. Os resultados formais obtidos são aplicados explicitamente para o caso de um pacote gaussiano sob a influência de um potencial repulsivo suave. Para este sistema, a solução das equações de Hamilton e a própria função de onda semiclássica podem ser determinadas analiticamente. O problema das soluções não contribuintes, que se origina da aplicação do método do expoente estacionário, é resolvido através de imposições de consistência física. Os efeitos das cáusticas no espaço de fase, pontos onde a aproximação semiclássica de ordem quadrática diverge, são controlados através de correções envolvendo funções de Airy / Abstract: This thesis addresses di®erent aspects of the semiclassical propagation of coherent states. We have derived a general expression for the propagator connecting these states which, di®erently from previous formulae in the literature, is valid for packets of arbitrary widths. The result, obtained via functional integration, depends on classical trajectories in a complex phase space. Approximations based on real orbits are also analyzed and it is demonstrated that the Heller and BAKKS Gaussian propagators belong to the same category. Next we make a detailed study of the semiclassical propagation of coherent states in the position representation. The obtained formal results are applied to the case of a Gaussian packet under the influence of a smooth repulsive potential. For this system the solution of Hamilton's equations and the semiclassical wave function can be expressed analytically. The problem of non-contributing solutions, which originates from the application of the stationary exponent method, is solved by the introduction of some criteria of physical consistency. The e®ects of caustics in phase space, points where the lowest order semiclassical approximation diverges, are controlled by introducing corrections involving Airy functions / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências
286

Excitations in superfluids of atoms and polaritons

Pinsker, Florian January 2014 (has links)
This thesis is devoted to the study of excitations in atomic and polariton Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). These two specimens are prime examples for equilibrium and non equilibrium BEC. The corresponding condensate wave function of each system satisfies a particular partial differential equation (PDE). These PDEs are discussed in the beginning of this thesis and justified in the context of the quantum many-body problem. For high occupation numbers and when neglecting quantum fluctuations the quantum field operator simplifies to a semiclassical wave. It turns out that the interparticle interactions can be simplified to a single parameter, the scattering length, which gives rise to an effective potential and introduces a nonlinearity to the PDE. In both cases, i.e. equilibrium and non equilibrium, the main model corresponding to the semiclassical wave is the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE), which includes certain mathematical adaptions depending on the physical context of the consideration and the nature of particles/quasiparticles, such as additional complex pumping and growth terms or terms due to motion. In the course of this work I apply a variety of state-of-the-art analytical and numerical tools to gain information about these semiclassical waves. The analytical tools allow e.g. to determine the position of the maximum density of the condensate wave function or to find the critical velocities at which excitations are expected to be generated within the condensate. In addition to analytical considerations I approximate the GPE numerically. This allows to gain the condensate wave function explicitly and is often a convenient tool to study the emergence of excitations in BEC. It is in particular shown that the form of the possible excitations significantly depends on the dimensionality of the considered system. The generated excitations within the BEC include quantum vortices, quantum vortex rings or solitons. In addition multicomponent systems are considered, which enable more complex dynamical scenarios. Under certain conditions imposed on the condensate one obtains dark-bright soliton trains within the condensate wave function. This is shown numerically and analytical expressions are found as well. In the end of this thesis I present results as part of an collaborative effort with a group of experimenters. Here it is shown that the wave function due to a complex GPE fits well with experiments made on polariton condensates, statically and dynamically.
287

Fourier Analysis And Allied Methods In Problems Of Scattering And Radiation Of Water Waves

Sahoo, Trilochan 11 1900 (has links)
No description available.
288

Peristaltic Transport Of Biofluids

Usha, S 12 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
289

Thermodynamical Formalism

Chousionis, Vasileios 08 1900 (has links)
Thermodynamical formalism is a relatively recent area of pure mathematics owing a lot to some classical notions of thermodynamics. On this thesis we state and prove some of the main results in the area of thermodynamical formalism. The first chapter is an introduction to ergodic theory. Some of the main theorems are proved and there is also a quite thorough study of the topology that arises in Borel probability measure spaces. In the second chapter we introduce the notions of topological pressure and measure theoretic entropy and we state and prove two very important theorems, Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem and the Variational Principle. Distance expanding maps and their connection with the calculation of topological pressure cover the third chapter. The fourth chapter introduces Gibbs states and the very important Perron-Frobenius Operator. The fifth chapter establishes the connection between pressure and geometry. Topological pressure is used in the calculation of Hausdorff dimensions. Finally the sixth chapter introduces the notion of conformal measures.
290

A Constructive Method for Finding Critical Point of the Ginzburg-Landau Energy Functional

Kazemi, Parimah 08 1900 (has links)
In this work I present a constructive method for finding critical points of the Ginzburg-Landau energy functional using the method of Sobolev gradients. I give a description of the construction of the Sobolev gradient and obtain convergence results for continuous steepest descent with this gradient. I study the Ginzburg-Landau functional with magnetic field and the Ginzburg-Landau functional without magnetic field. I then present the numerical results I obtained by using steepest descent with the discretized Sobolev gradient.

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