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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Asante Stools and the Matrilineage

Hale, Catherine Meredith 07 June 2017 (has links)
Discussions of Asante stools in Western literature and museum records have focused exclusively on their association with male chiefs. My research, which combines archival and oral histories, and sets the existing literature and documentation on stools in comparative perspective, reframes existing thinking by asserting that asese dwa (sing. sese dwa), or conventional Asante stools, are intimately connected with women, and especially, queen mothers. Although the stool today is known widely as a symbol of male chieftaincy, chiefs do not sit on them in public. They use them only in very specific private spheres. It is queen mothers who sit on stools publically as seats of authority. The physical form of the stool, especially the mmaa dwa or "woman's stool" is a powerful symbol of female fecundity and the propagation of the Asante peoples. By exploring queen mother’s archives of stools and their dynamic uses of them, I present a more expansive history of these important cultural objects that challenges the taxonomies established by R. S. Rattray (1927) and others during the twentieth century. Contrary to the clearly defined hierarchies of symbolism, materials and structure that have informed assessments of historical stools in the West, Asante queen mothers have commissioned and used stools in an ongoing and context-dependent process of negotiation for at least a century. In this dissertation I explore the history of Asante stools since the late-nineteenth century through the lens of queen mothers’ perspectives. / History of Art and Architecture
2

A ancestralidade de populações do Nordeste brasileiro com elevadas frequências de casamentos consanguí­neos e prevalência de doenças genéticas raras / The ancestry of Brazilian Northeast populations with high frequency of consanguineous marriage and prevalence of rare genetic diseases

Farias, Allysson Allan de 05 October 2018 (has links)
A idade da mutação e a ancestralidade local de segmentos cromossômicos que contém mutações associadas a doenças autossômicas recessivas em populações miscigenadas brasileiras continuam desconhecidas. Adicionalmente, a determinação dos níveis de endogamia continua grosseiramente estimados por abordagem genealógica e nada se sabe sobre a linhagem materna das famílias com indivíduos com doenças autossômicas recessivas. A tese está dividida em dois estudos. O primeiro visou calcular os níveis de endogamia pela abordagem de grandes regiões em homozigose, estimar a idade da mutação e inferir a ancestralidade local para determinar a origem de cada segmento cromossômico contendo mutações em KLC2, IMPA1, MED25 e WNT7A. Foram genotipadas amostras de 19 pacientes com doenças autossômicas recessivas. Os dados genotipados passaram por distintos procedimentos de filtragem para estimar os níveis de endocruzamento por abordagem molecular, para calcular a idade das mutações por meio de haplótipos, para inferir a ancestralidade global utilizando ADMIXTURE e Análise de Componentes Principais, e de forma refinada foi inferida a ancestralidade local pelo software RFMix combinando os dados de nossas amostras com os dados do projeto 1000 genomas (one thousand genome project - 1KGP) e projeto de diversidade genômica Simons (Simons genomic diversity project - SGDP). Os resultados apresentados não diferiram bastante do esperado para populações endogâmicas e miscigenadas do nordeste brasileiro de acordo com a literatura. A mutação em KLC2 mostrou-se mais antiga em relação às demais. Em um segundo estudo, para os indivíduos com mutação em KLC2 prosseguimos com a inferência dos haplogrupos de DNA mitocondrial para determinar a origem da linhagem materna das famílias. Onze pacientes com mutação em KLC2 foram escolhidos para sequenciamento de Sanger da região controle do DNA mitocondrial para determinação da matrilinhagem. Foi encontrado um possível haplogrupo fundador que pode corroborar narrativas históricas de entrada de mães sefarditas no litoral do Nordeste junto com os holandeses. Ambos trabalhos apresentam como novidade a contribuição para identificar a origem e entender como essas doenças são mantidas e dispersas em populações do Brasil e do mundo. Em especial, a matrilinhagem exibiu evidências de ligação entre as mães de famílias com indivíduos com mutação em KLC2 e mães de judeus sefarditas portugueses / The mutation age and local ancestry of chromosomal segments harbouring mutations associated with autosomal recessive (AR) disorders in Brazilian admixed populations remain unknown; additionally, inbreeding levels for these affected individuals continue to be roughly estimated by genealogical approach, and the maternal lineage of the families with affected individuals is unknown. The thesis is divided into two studies. The first one aimed to calculate inbreeding levels by runs of homozygosity approach, estimating the age of the mutation and inferring the local ancestry to determine the origin of each chromosomal segment containing mutations in KLC2, IMPA1, MED25 e WNT7A. Samples from 19 patients with autosomal recessive diseases were genotyped. The genotyped data underwent different filtering procedures to estimate the inbreeding levels by molecular approach, to calculate the age of the mutations by means of haplotypes, to infer the global ancestry using ADMIXTURE and Principal Component Analysis, and to infer refined the local ancestry by the RFMix software combining the data from our samples with the one thousand genome project (1KGP) and the Simons genomic diversity project (SGDP). The results presented did not differ significantly from those expected for inbred and admixed populations of the Brazil Northeast according to the literature. The mutation in KLC2 was older in relation to the others. In a second study, for individuals with a KLC2 mutation, we proceeded with the inference of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups to determine the origin of the families\' maternal lineage. Eleven patients with mutation in KLC2 were chosen for Sanger sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA control region for determination of matrilineage. It was found a possible founding haplogroup that can corroborate historical narratives of Sephardic mothers\' influx along the coast of the Northeast with the Dutch. Both papers present as a novelty the identification of the origin and the understanding of how these diseases are maintained and dispersed in populations of Brazil and the world. In particular, the matrilineage exhibited an evidence of kinship among mothers of families with individuals with mutation in KLC2 and mothers of portuguese Sephardic jews

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