This artist??s area of research is the appropriate use of matte paintings within the context of completely computer generated films. The emphasis of research is the adaptation of analog techniques and paradigms into a digital production workspace. The purpose of this artist??s research is the development of an original method of parenting perspective projections to three-dimensional (3D) cameras, specifically tailored to result in 3D matte paintings. Research includes the demonstration of techniques combining two-dimensional (2D) paintings, 3D props and sets, as well as camera projections onto primitive geometry to achieve a convincing final composite.

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Measurements of oxygen activities in a matte at high-temperature could be useful to determine and control the repartition of different elements, such as iron, copper, and nickel between the oxidised phase, (the slag) and the sulphide phase, (the matte). Electrochemical measurement of oxygen partial pressure in equilibrium with the melt can be performed by using solid electrolytes such as the zirconia solid electrolyte. The oxygen measurements in Cu-Ni-Fe-S matte were studied experimentally by measuring the partial pressure of oxygen through the EMF, using a silica-saturated slag and either a CO-CO2-SO2 gas mixture or Ar gas, at 1250oC. The calculated equilibrium oxygen partial pressure varied from 1.53x10-8 to 2.64x10-7atm. Oxygen measurements were conducted by using fully stabilized zirconia as solid electrolyte. Two different solid reference electrodes were used: Cr/Cr2O3 and Fe/FeO. EMF measurements obtained with Cr/Cr2O3 solid reference electrode were less stable and accurate compared to those with Fe/FeO solid reference electrode. Therefore, EMF measurements on oxygen concentration point out that the Fe/FeO is more suitable solid reference electrode for this application than Cr/Cr2O3. Analyses were obtained using the SEM, (scanning electron microscope) and the electron probe microanalyser. The measured oxygen concentration was found to be sensitive to the iron content in the matte. / Dissertation (MEng (Metallurgy))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted

This writing covers concepts in the creation of a cinematic scene in digital matte painting. Digital matte painting is a visual effects process of the modern version of traditional matte painting, in which the artist paints several backgrounds to add to a scene. The digital artist uses software to paint, apply photo-bashing techniques, and/or utilize 3D models to create an exterior or interior environment. This scene incorporates 3D geometry in Autodesk Maya, brought to life through texturing and in-software lighting and animated cameras. The finalized scene includes color correction and additional visual effects.

Understanding the phase behaviour of colloidal systems is relevant to designing new colloid-based nanostructured materials. One common platform for studying the colloidal system is the model of hard spheres. Over the last few decades, different hard-sphere models have been developed. We study the phase behaviour of three hard-sphere models: the lattice gas model, the local density approximation model, and the white bear version of the fundamental measure theory, with short-range attractive and long-range repulsive (SALR) interactions. The competition between the attraction and repulsion results in the formation of clusters composed of many particles, whereas the spatial arrangement of these clusters leads to the formation of long-range ordered phases. Phase diagrams containing the commonly observed body-center-cubic (BCC) and hexagonally close-packed (HCP) phases, as well as the novel Frank-Kasper $\sigma$ and A15 phases, have been constructed using the density functional theory applied to hard spheres with SALR interactions. Similar phase transition sequences have been predicted for the three hard-sphere models, implying a universality of the observed phase behaviour for hard spheres interacting with SALR potentials. However, the details of the phase diagrams could vary significantly. The results obtained from our study shed light on understanding the emergence of complex phases from simple systems. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Soft condensed matter physics, a sub-field of condensed matter physics, primarily concerns the investigation of physical properties of pliable, deformable materials such as plastics, gels, and colloidal suspensions. One particularly intriguing feature of these soft materials is their ability to self-assembly, leading to the spontaneous formation of ordered structures, including but not limited to body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic phases. In particular, a group of complex spherical phases, known as the Frank-Kasper phases, has been identified in various soft matter systems, encompassing polymeric blends, colloidal suspensions, and more. Notably, in colloidal systems, when nanoparticles are grafted with polymer chains, the Frank-Kasper phases could become stable. However, the emergence of these complex phases from the diverse soft matter systems have not been fully understood. In this thesis, we employ the classical density functional theory based on three different hard-sphere models to probe the formation of the Frank-Kasper phases in colloidal systems. Our results provide insights into the formation mechanism of the Frank-Kasper phases in a simple system and demonstrate the universality of different hard-sphere models.

Automotive brake systems are source of particulate matter (PM) emissions, particularly in the urban areas. Several human ill-health are related with this kind of pollution. Along tire wear, road wear and dust from resuspension, the brake wear comprises the most relevant non-exhaust source of road traffic related emissions. Aiming at studying the PM brake emissions, this thesis is composed of an introductory part containing the main concepts and the state of art of the main subjects; and the experimental part, which comprehends three investigations. Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 are dedicated to the introduction part. Chapter 2 provides a brief description of the friction and wear, as well as the fundamental principles of braking by contact. Chapter 3 discuss the disc braking system, with particular attention to the pad friction materials. Chapter 4 is dedicated to friction layer: the layer usually developing at the disc/pad interface, affecting the performances of the tribological system. Finally, Chapter 5 provides an extensive discussion of the issues related to the particulate matter originated from disc brake systems. The experimental part is presented in the Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9. Chapter 6 describes the methodology applied in all the investigations. Chapter 7 investigates the PM emissions behavior and its interaction with the friction and wear, aiming to identify the mechanism of generation the PM emissions. A copper-containing and a copper-free commercial friction materials were used, with particular emphasis on the effect of the scorching treatment. The Chapter 8 is dedicated at investigating the tribological behavior and the corresponding PM emissions in two Cu-free commercial friction materials, aiming to a better understanding the effect of abrasive ingredients on the emissions generation. Finally, the Chapter 9 investigated the addition of natural ingredient rice husk in a new eco-friendly Cu-free brake friction material composition, focusing the attention on the tribological and emissions behavior. All tests were carried out using a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with an enclosure, especially designed for investigating the tribological properties, as well as the airborne particles generated by contact. Low-metallic friction materials, both commercial and laboratory-produced, were tested against cast iron discs. The tests parameters used correspond to mild sliding conditions resembling those faced in real braking. Such conditions are characteristic of driving in urban areas, where the expose to traffic PM is concentrated. A specific methodology of analysis was developed, based on SEM/EDXS techniques. Using this methodology, comparative investigations between the elemental composition of the virgin friction materials, the worn surfaces of the friction materials and the airborne particles collected during the tribological tests were carried out. The results point out the triboxidative wear as the main mechanism of the PM brake emissions generation. Moreover, particles produced by abrasive wear can be also directly emitted to the environment.

The purpose of this study was to find out what the educators view on the working method Matte på burk in preschool looked like. I also wanted to find out what the educators thought about the working method. My questions are: How does the educators in preschool experience the method Matte på burk? What do the educators in preschool believe that Matte på burk can give the children? The study was carried out through a qualitative interview study with six educators. During the interviews with the educators it became apparent that the method not only focused on mathematical exercises. The educators also saw that interaction, learning, play and language became included in the method. Those findings are fundamental in the study and are regarded from different authors and theoretical perspectives. The conclusion I have drawn from the study is that the educators has been aware of how they can work with mathematics in a simple way. However, it would have been good if there were several levels of difficulty within the method. Because the way the cans works now, it is the same material in the cans regardless of their age. The educators believe that the method is an ideal tool for mathematics, they also think that the method is a good method to acquire knowledge in more subject areas.

Matte surfaces, that is, those that are dull or lusterless not glossy and shiny, are a current trend in packaging. But does packaging surface affect what consumers think about the product inside it? We focus on consumers' perception of packaged food products at the point of sale. Using three experiments, we show that food in matte packaging can be perceived as more natural. Notably, the effect of matte packaging only holds for rather artificial products. When matte packaging increases perceptions of product naturalness, consumers also expect the product to be tastier and are more likely to buy it.

Grundläggande taluppfattning är en viktig utgångspunkt i barns matematiska utveckling. Syftet med studien var därför att ta reda på hur förskollärare arbetar med materialet Matte på burk för att väcka, stimulera och utmana barns utveckling och förståelse för tal. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med tre förskollärare samt observationer av samlingar där man använder Matte på burk kom jag fram till att materialet Matte på burk väcker, stimulerar och utmanar barnens grundläggande taluppfattning under förutsättning att förskollärarna kan göra samlingarna med Matte på burk till erfarenheter av tal för barnen. En förutsättning för detta är att förskollärarna lyckas förena lek, socialt samspel och utforskande. Barns erövrande av taluppfattning kräver medvetna förskollärare som får möjlighet till kompetensutveckling i matematik och matematikdidaktik för att kunna utmana barnen i deras upptäckande av tal.

This thesis develops the method of using textures projected from the perspective of a projection camera, in combination with two-dimensional paintings and threedimensional models, to create digital environments. Past uses have demonstrated effectiveness only for background and midground scene elements with limited camera movement. This work explores how camera animation can be maximized using the projected texture technique onto foreground environment forms. Through several case studies, general guidelines for artists are developed for using camera-based projected textures.