Le retournement temporel exploite la réversibilité temporelle de l’équation d’onde dans les milieux sans perte. Cela implique qu’une onde émise par une source peut rebrousser chemin et se focaliser sur sa source originale par le biais d’un miroir à retournement temporel. Cette focalisation permet de situer l’emplacement de cette source. Le but de cette thèse est d’exploiter le phénomène de retournement temporel d’ondes électromagnétiques en vue de la localisation et la caractérisation partielle d’objets diffractants enfouis dans un milieu sans perte. Notre étude est menée dans le domaine temporel large bande en se basant sur une modélisation numérique par la technique d’intégration finie.Le domaine temporel est un domaine assez peu exploré dans la littérature contrairement au domaine fréquentiel. La principale problématique est la détermination de l’instant de focalisation qui nous permet de choisir la distribution des champs à partir de laquelle les objets diffractants seront localisés. Nous introduisons dans ce manuscrit un critère de choix d’instant de focalisation qui est comparé tout au long des études entreprises au critère du minimum d’entropie.La démarche empruntée exploite l’analyse de cartographies d’énergie électromagnétique en deux et trois dimensions. Elle est validée dans un premier temps par l’analyse de configurations canoniques exploitant des données synthétiques obtenues par simulation. L’influence de divers paramètres relatifs aux objets diffractants est étudiée de même que l’impact du nombre d’émetteurs récepteurs du miroir à retournement temporel. Dans une seconde étape une expérimentation contrôlée en chambre anéchoïque à SUPELEC est réalisée en utilisant des antennes en régime harmonique et en régime impulsionnel. / Time reversal is, as is now well-known, exploiting the temporal reversibility of the wave equation in assumed lossless media. To summarize, it implies that a wave emitted by a given source may turn back and thereupon focus onto its original source by means of a so-called Time Reversal Mirror (TRM), which operation, properly simulated from field data acquired in a given measurement domain, could enable us to locate the source indeed. The aim of this thesis is to exploit the phenomenon of time reversal for the localization and the partial characterization, whenever possible, of diffracting objects (dielectric and conducting scatterers, in which sources are induced by given antennas, usually dipole-like) that are buried in a lossless medium (it can be a free space or a half-space) within a fully 3-D transient electromagnetic context. Time-domain certainly is a less explored area in the literature than frequency-domain, and this 3-D context (even if some 2-D validation studies are led also in the present work) is particularly demanding, computatinally speaking as well as at the level of real laboratory experiments. In addition, it requires that we be able to accurately compute the vector electromagnetic field in this time domain in an appropriate wideband situation, as well as whatever field is time reversed during the experiments, which are tasks performed via a full-wave Finite Integration Technique (FIT) developed at LGEP as is validated and discussed in some length in the manuscript. The main problem however is the determination of the moment of focus which would enable us determine the location of the scatterers at least to some extent. Here, to that effect, we introduce and discuss in depth a new criterion of choice of the instant of focus, which is in particular compared throughout the studies undertaken to the usually employed minimum entropy criterion. Influences of the various parameters of the scatterers themselves and of the measurement set-ups are thoroughly discussed on the way. Let us emphasize that what matters to us is the behavior of the (time-reversed) electromagnetic energy and not only of the electric field as standard, that is, the approach taken builds and uses the analysis of energy maps obtained by the aforementioned 3-D numerical modeling. Beyond the modeling of pure synthetic field data and discussions thereof, much attention is also given to leading controlled experiments on canonical targets using both transient and frequency-diverse time-harmonic sources within an anechoic chamber which was made available to us in SUPELEC.

The aim of master´s thesis is to get acquainted with the design and materials used in selected automotive light source – tungsten halogen lamp. Further, the thesis focused on the theory and appropriate selection of the thermal measurement method on a real sample. Subsequently, a model of the light source and its simulation in the ANSYS – Maxwell 3D and Mechanical programs are created. Finally, the results of the thermal simulation and the non-contact measurement of the tungsten halogen lamp are evaluated

The master thesis is focused on the simulation of the toroid coils in Ansoft Maxwell 3D software, which uses finite element method for electromagnetic field simulation. Firstly the process creation of the geometric model toroid coil with seventy-five threaded is presented. It is necessary to debug this model and prepare it for the mesh generation. Physical properties are assign to this model and it gives rise to the physical model. We will set boundaries, excitation current, core material, winding material and the parameters for the mesh generations. New material Kashke K4000 will be created in the materials library and subsequently we will define its BH curve on the basis of datasheet. Analysis is made in two modes. Direct currents (7,5A; 10A; 15A; 20A; 25A) and (non)linear materials are used in magnetostatic solution. Toroid coil is excited by current pulse in transient solution. In Ansoft Maxwell Circuit editor a source which generates current pulse will be created. This excitation will be assigned to the toroid coil as an extern source through a terminal. Core material is linear in the case of transient analysis, because Ansoft Maxwell 3D doesn´t allow to use nonlinear material in this solution. Settings are different in transient and in magnetostatic analysis. End time and time step are entered to solve this task in transient analysis. Time points are entered too. Flux density and electromagnetic field strength are calculated in these time points and later it will be possible to view the results. Calculated fields are shown as the pictures in this thesis. The procedure how to use a field calculator in the postprocessing is given as well. The achievements are summarized in the conclusion.