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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Exemples de restauration d’unicité et de sélection d’équilibres dans les jeux à champ moyen / Instances of uniqueness restoration and equilibria selection in mean field games

Foguen Tchuendom, Rinel 25 June 2018 (has links)
Ce manuscrit a pour objectif de présenter plusieurs résultats de restauration d’unicité et de sélection d’équilibres dans les jeux à champ moyen. La théorie des jeux à champ moyen a été initiée dans les années 2000 par deux groupes de chercheurs, Lasry et Lions en France, et Huang, Caines et Malhamé au Canada. L’objectif de cette théorie est de décrire les équilibres de Nash dans des jeux différentiels stochastiques incluant un grand nombre de joueurs interagissant les uns avec les autres à travers leur mesure empirique commune et présentant suffisamment de symétrie. Si l’existence d’équilibres dans les jeux à champ moyen est maintenant bien comprise, l’unicité reste connue dans un nombre très limité de cas. A cet égard, la condition la plus connue est celle dite de monotonie, due à Lasry et Lions. Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons, que pour une certaine classe de jeux à champ moyen, l’unicité peut être rétablie à l’aide d’un forçage aléatoire des dynamiques, communs à tous les joueurs. Un tel forçage est appelé “bruit commun”. Nous montrons également que, dans certains cas, il est possible de sélectionner des équilibres en l’absence de bruit commun en faisant tendre le bruit commun vers zéro. Enfin, nous montrons comment ces résultats s’appliquent à des problèmes de type “principal-agents”, avec un grand nombre d’agents en interaction. / The purpose of this thesis is to present several results on the restoration of uniqueness and selection of equilibria when uniqueness fails in mean field games. The theory of mean field games was initiated in the 2000s by two groups of researchers, Lasry and Lions in France, and Huang, Caines, and Malhamé in Canada. The aim of this theory is to describe the Nash equilibria in stochastic differential games involving a large number of players interacting with each other through their common empirical measure, under sufficient symmetry hypothesis. If the existence of equilibria in mean field games is now well understood, uniqueness remains known in a very limited number of cases. In this respect, the most well-known condition is the monotony hypothesis, due to Lasry and Lions. In this thesis, we demonstrate that for a certain class of mean field games, uniqueness can be restored by means of a random and common forcing, acting on all the players. Such a forcing is called “common noise”. We also show that in some cases it is possible to select equilibria in the absence of common noise by letting the common noise tend towards zero. Finally, we show how these results apply to “principal-agent” .problems, with a large number of interacting agents.
142

Quantum Dynamics Using Lie Algebras, with Explorations in the Chaotic Behavior of Oscillators

Sayer, Ryan Thomas 06 August 2012 (has links) (PDF)
We study the time evolution of driven quantum systems using analytic, algebraic, and numerical methods. First, we obtain analytic solutions for driven free and oscillator systems by shifting the coordinate and phase of the undriven wave function. We also factorize the quantum evolution operator using the generators of the Lie algebra comprising the Hamiltonian. We obtain coupled ODE's for the time evolution of the Lie algebra parameters. These parameters allow us to find physical properties of oscillator dynamics. In particular we find phase-space trajectories and transition probabilities. We then search for chaotic behavior in the Lie algebra parameters as a signature for dynamical chaos in the quantum system. We plot the trajectories, transition probabilities, and Lyapunov exponents for a wide range of the following physical parameters: strength and duration of the driving force, frequency difference, and anharmonicity of the oscillator. We identify conditions for the appearance of chaos in the system.
143

Spinning Correlators at Finite Temperature

Arandes Tejerina, Oscar January 2022 (has links)
This master thesis is framed in the striking correspondence between gravity theories in Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS) and Conformal Field Theories (CFT). This is usually known as AdS/CFT duality and relates gravity theories in the bulk with CFTs that live in their conformal boundary. We start by presenting the notion of CFTs and some of the results and techniques that are widely used in this field. This includes conformal correlators for scalar and spin operators, the state-operator correspondence and the operator product expansion (OPE) of operators. The embedding formalism and the index-free notation to encode tensors in polynomials are also discussed and used throughout this work. The basic notions of AdS are outlined and CFT at finite temperature is then introduced. We include a review of thermal blocks and thermal coefficients for a thermal two-point function between scalar fields in mean field theory. We then analyse the thermal two-point function for conserved currents, which was not known in the literature. Finally, we start a study of its thermal blocks and thermal coefficients for the mean field theory application.
144

Self-Assembly, Elasticity, and Orientational Order in Soft Matter

Geng, Jun 16 April 2012 (has links)
No description available.
145

Phase diagram for the S equals one-half and J equals three-halves Kondo lattice model

Abele, Miguel January 2018 (has links)
A Kondo lattice Hamiltonian for arbitrary total angular momentum J is formulated using a pseudofermion representation and without addition of RKKY interaction terms. An Hartree-Fock treatment is applied, and both variational and Green's function methods are used to calculate physical quantities from the linearized Hamiltonian. The Kondo phase is represented by finite hybridization. Magnetic ordering is examined via ordering vectors, but coexistence with the Kondo phase is not allowed. Phase diagrams are produced in S=1/2 and J=3/2 with second-order transitions at Kondo-paramagnetic and magnetic-paramagnetic boundaries, and first order transitions between Kondo and magnetic phases. Various coupling strengths are explored. Magnetic phases found include antiferromagnetism, ferromagnetism, and spin-density wave ordering of both commensurate and incommensurate varieties. In S=1/2, the magnetic phase exhibits a spike in critical temperature at half-filling. In J=3/2, the Kondo phase is reentrant at weaker coupling but not at stronger coupling. / Physics
146

Some optimal visiting problems: from a single player to a mean-field type model

Marzufero, Luciano 19 July 2022 (has links)
In an optimal visiting problem, we want to control a trajectory that has to pass as close as possible to a collection of target points or regions. We introduce a hybrid control-based approach for the classic problem where the trajectory can switch between a group of discrete states related to the targets of the problem. The model is subsequently adapted to a mean-field game framework, that is when a huge population of agents plays the optimal visiting problem with a controlled dynamics and with costs also depending on the distribution of the population. In particular, we investigate a single continuity equation with possible sinks and sources and the field possibly depending on the mass of the agents. The same problem is also studied on a network framework. More precisely, we study a mean-field game model by proving the existence of a suitable definition of an approximated mean-field equilibrium and then we address the passage to the limit.
147

Allocations de ressources dans les réseaux sans fils énergétiquement efficaces. / Radio Resource Management for Green Wireless Networks

De Mari, Matthieu 01 July 2015 (has links)
Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement àdeux techniques permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité énergétique ou spectrale desréseaux sans fil. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous proposons de combinerles capacités de prédictions du contexte futur de transmission au classiqueet connu tradeoff latence - efficacité énergétique, amenant à ce que l’on nommeraun réseau proactif tolérant à la latence. L’objectif dans ce genre de problèmesconsiste à définir des politiques de transmissions optimales pour un ensembled’utilisateur, qui garantissent à chacun de pouvoir accomplir une transmissionavant un certain délai, tout en minimisant la puissance totale consommée auniveau de chaque utilisateur. Nous considérons dans un premier temps le problèmemono-utilisateur, qui permet alors d’introduire les concepts de tolérance àla latence, d’optimisation et de contrôle de puissance qui sont utilisés dans lapremière partie de cette thèse. L’extension à un système multi-utilisateurs estensuite considérée. L’analyse révèle alors que l’optimisation multi-utilisateurpose problème du fait de sa complexité mathématique. Mais cette complexitépeut néanmoins être contournée grâce aux récentes avancées dans le domainede la théorie des jeux à champs moyens, théorie qui permet de transiter d’unjeu multi-utilisateur, vers un jeu à champ moyen, à plus faible complexité. Lessimulations numériques démontrent que les stratégies de puissance retournéespar l’approche jeu à champ moyen approchent notablement les stratégies optimaleslorsqu’elles peuvent être calculées, et dépassent les performances desheuristiques communes, lorsque l’optimum n’est plus calculable, comme c’est lecas lorsque le canal varie au cours du temps.Dans la seconde partie de cettethèse, nous investiguons un possible problème dual au problème précédent. Plusspécifiquement, nous considérons une approche d’optimisation d’efficacité spectrale,à configuration de puissance constante. Pour ce faire, nous proposonsalors d’étudier l’impact sur le réseau des récentes avancées en classification d’interférence.L’analyse conduite révèle que le système peut bénéficier d’uneadaptation des traitements d’interférence faits à chaque récepteur. Ces gainsobservés peuvent également être améliorés par deux altérations de la démarched’optimisation. La première propose de redéfinir les groupes d’interféreurs decellules concurrentes, supposés transmettre sur les mêmes ressources spectrales.L’objectif étant alors de former des paires d’interféreurs “amis”, capables detraiter efficacement leurs interférences réciproques. La seconde altération portele nom de “Virtual Handover” : lorsque la classification d’interférence est considérée,l’access point offrant le meilleur SNR n’est plus nécessairement le meilleuraccess point auquel assigner un utilisateur. Pour cette raison, il est donc nécessairede laisser la possibilité au système de pouvoir choisir par lui-même la façondont il procède aux assignations des utilisateurs. Le processus d’optimisationse décompose donc en trois parties : i) Définir les coalitions d’utilisateurs assignésà chaque access point ; ii) Définir les groupes d’interféreurs transmettantsur chaque ressource spectrale ; et iii) Définir les stratégies de transmissionet les traitements d’interférences optimaux. L’objectif de l’optimisationest alors de maximiser l’efficacité spectrale totale du système après traitementde l’interférence. Les différents algorithmes utilisés pour résoudre, étape parétape, l’optimisation globale du système sont détaillés. Enfin, des simulationsnumériques permettent de mettre en évidence les gains de performance potentielsofferts par notre démarche d’optimisation. / In this thesis, we investigate two techniques used for enhancing the energy orspectral efficiency of the network. In the first part of the thesis, we propose tocombine the network future context prediction capabilities with the well-knownlatency vs. energy efficiency tradeoff. In that sense, we consider a proactivedelay-tolerant scheduling problem. In this problem, the objective consists ofdefining the optimal power strategies of a set of competing users, which minimizesthe individual power consumption, while ensuring a complete requestedtransmission before a given deadline. We first investigate the single user versionof the problem, which serves as a preliminary to the concepts of delay tolerance,proactive scheduling, power control and optimization, used through the first halfof this thesis. We then investigate the extension of the problem to a multiusercontext. The conducted analysis of the multiuser optimization problem leads toa non-cooperative dynamic game, which has an inherent mathematical complexity.In order to address this complexity issue, we propose to exploit the recenttheoretical results from the Mean Field Game theory, in order to transitionto a more tractable game with lower complexity. The numerical simulationsprovided demonstrate that the power strategies returned by the Mean FieldGame closely approach the optimal power strategies when it can be computed(e.g. in constant channels scenarios), and outperform the reference heuristicsin more complex scenarios where the optimal power strategies can not be easilycomputed.In the second half of the thesis, we investigate a dual problem to the previousoptimization problem, namely, we seek to optimize the total spectral efficiencyof the system, in a constant short-term power configuration. To do so, we proposeto exploit the recent advances in interference classification. the conductedanalysis reveals that the system benefits from adapting the interference processingtechniques and spectral efficiencies used by each pair of Access Point (AP) and User Equipment (UE). The performance gains offered by interferenceclassification can also be enhanced by considering two improvements. First, wepropose to define the optimal groups of interferers: the interferers in a samegroup transmit over the same spectral resources and thus interfere, but can processinterference according to interference classification. Second, we define theconcept of ’Virtual Handover’: when interference classification is considered,the optimal Access Point for a user is not necessarily the one providing themaximal SNR. For this reason, defining the AP-UE assignments makes sensewhen interference classification is considered. The optimization process is thenthreefold: we must define the optimal i) interference processing technique andspectral efficiencies used by each AP-UE pair in the system; ii) the matching ofinterferers transmitting over the same spectral resources; and iii) define the optimalAP-UE assignments. Matching and interference classification algorithmsare extensively detailed in this thesis and numerical simulations are also provided,demonstrating the performance gain offered by the threefold optimizationprocedure compared to reference scenarios where interference is either avoidedwith orthogonalization or treated as noise exclusively.
148

Density constraints in optimal transport, PDEs and mean field games / Contraintes de densité en transport optimal, EDP et jeux à champ moyen

Mészáros, Alpár Richárd 10 September 2015 (has links)
Movité par des questions posées par F. Santambrogio, cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude de jeux à champ moyen et des modèles impliquant le transport optimal avec contraintes de densité. A fin d'étudier des modèles de MFG d'ordre deux dans l'esprit des travaux de F. Santambrogio, on introduit en tant que brique élementaire un modèle diffusif de mouvement de foule avec contraintes de densité (en généralisant dans une sense les travaux de Maury et al.). Le modèle est décrit par l'évolutions de la densité de la foule, qui peut être vu comme une courbe dans l'espace de Wasserstein. Du point de vu EDP, ça correspond à une équation de Fokker-Planck modifiée, avec un terme supplémentaire, le gradient d'une pression (seulement dans la zone saturée) dans le drift. En passant par l'équation duale et en utilisant des estimations paraboliques bien connues, on démontre l'unicité du pair densité et pression. Motivé initialement par l'algorithm de splitting (utilisé dans le résultat d'existence ci-dessus), on étudie des propriétés fines de la projection de Wasserstein en dessous d'un seuil donné. Intégrant cette question dans une classe plus grande de problèmes impliquant le transport optimal, on démontre des estimations BV pour les optimiseurs. D'autres applications possibles (en transport partiel, optimisation de forme et problèmes paraboliques dégénérés) de ces estimations BV sont également discutées.En changeant le point de vu, on étudie également des modèles de MFG variationnels avec contraintes de densité. Dans ce sens, les systèmes de MFG sont obtenus comme conditions d'optimalité de premier ordre pour deux problèmes convexes en dualité. Dans ces systèmes un terme additionnel apparaît, interpreté comme un prix à payer quand les agents passent dans des zones saturées. Premièrement, en profitant des résultats de régularité elliptique, on montre l'existence et la caractérisation de solutions des MFG de deuxième ordre stationnaires avec contraintes de densité. Comme résultat additionnel, on caractérise le sous-différentiel d'une fonctionnelle introduite par Benamou-Brenier pour donner une formulation dynamique du problème de transport optimal. Deuxièmement, (basé sur une technique de pénalisation) on montre qu'une classe de systèmes de MFG de premier ordre avec contraintes de densité est bien posée. Une connexion inattendu avec les équations d'Euler incompressible à la Brenier est égalment donnée. / Motivated by some questions raised by F. Santambrogio, this thesis is devoted to the study of Mean Field Games and models involving optimal transport with density constraints. To study second order MFG models in the spirit of the work of F. Santambrogio, as a possible first step we introduce and show the well-posedness of a diffusive crowd motion model with density constraints (generalizing in some sense the works by B. Maury et al.). The model is described by the evolution of the people's density, that can be seen as a curve in the Wasserstein space. From the PDE point of view, this corresponds to a modified Fokker-Planck equation, with an additional gradient of a pressure (only living in the saturated zone) in the drift. We provide a uniqueness result for the pair density and pressure by passing through the dual equation and using some well-known parabolic estimates. Initially motivated by the splitting algorithm (used for the above existence result), we study some fine properties of the Wasserstein projection below a given threshold. Embedding this question into a larger class of variational problems involving optimal transport, we show BV estimates for the optimizers. Other possible applications (for partial optimal transport, shape optimization and degenerate parabolic problems) of these BV estimates are also discussed.Changing the point of view, we also study variational Mean Field Game models with density constraints. In this sense, the MFG systems are obtained as first order optimality conditions of two convex problems in duality. In these systems an additional term appears, interpreted as a price to be paid when agents pass through saturated zones. Firstly, profiting from the regularity results of elliptic PDEs, we give the existence and characterization of the solutions of stationary second order MFGs with density constraints. As a byproduct we characterize the subdifferential of a convex functional introduced initially by Benamou-Brenier to give a dynamic formulation of the optimal transport problem. Secondly, (based on a penalization technique) we prove the well-posedness of a class of first order evolutive MFG systems with density constraints. An unexpected connection with the incompressible Euler's equations à la Brenier is also given
149

Essai sur les symétries géométriques et les transitions de forme du noyau de l'atome / Studies of the geometric symmetries and the shape transitions in atomic nuclei

Rouvel, David 11 September 2014 (has links)
Les symétries géométriques en usage en physique nucléaire sont assez peu variées, essentiellement la symétrie de l’ellipsoïde triaxial. On propose donc une méthode rigoureuse permettant d’étudier l’évolution et la possibilité de l’existence de symétries nouvelles dont la symétrie tétraédrique. Le formalisme de l’équation de SCHRÖDINGER est replacé dans le cadre des espaces de RIEMANN. Ce formalisme est utilisé dans le contexte du noyau de l’atome où l’on applique la théorie du champ moyen alliée à l’approximation adiabatique. Le noyau est le siège de deux catégories de mouvements adiabatiquement séparés, le mouvement rapide des nucléons dans le champ moyen, et le mouvement collectif modifiant lentement le champ moyen. Le second est régi par une équation de SCHRÖDINGER collective qui prend place dans un espace dont la métrique est donnée par le tenseur de masse. L’étude de la géométrie du noyau est alors calculable à l’aide de deux grands programmes développés dans le cadre de la thèse. / The geometrical symmetries used in nuclear physics are not very diversified, essentially the symmetry of the triaxial ellipsoid. One proposes therefore a rigourous method allowing to study the temporal evolution and the possibility of the existence of new symmetries among them the tetrahedral symmetry. The formalism of SCHRÖDINGER equation is reformulated in the framework of RIEMANN’s spaces. This formalism is used in the context of the atomic nucleus where one applies the mean-field theory combined with the adiabatic approximation. The nucleus is the terrain of two types of motions adiabatically separated, the quick motion of the nucleons in the mean-field and the collective motion modifying slowly the meanfield. The second one is governed by a collective SCHRÖDINGER equation written down in a space whose metric is given by the mass tensor. The study of the nucleus geometry is then computable with the help of two big programs developped within the thesis.
150

Estudos no modelo de Axelrod de disseminação cultural: transição de fase e campo externo / Studies in the Axelrod model of cultural dissemination: Phase transition and external field

Peres, Lucas Vieira Guerreiro Rodrigues 08 August 2014 (has links)
Estudos sobre a manutenção da diversidade cultural sugerem que o mecanismo de interação social, normalmente considerado como responsável pela homogeneização cultural, também pode gerar diversidade. Com o intuito de estudar esse fenômeno, o cientista político Robert Axelrod propôs um modelo baseado em agentes que exibe estados absorventes multiculturais a partir de uma interação homofílica homogeneizadora entre os agentes. Nesse modelo, a diversidade (ou desordem) cultural é produzida pela escolha dos fatores culturais iniciais dos agentes e a interação homofílica age apenas no sentido de reduzir a desordem inicial. Em virtude de sua simplicidade, várias releituras e variações do modelo de Axelrod são encontradas na literatura: introdução de uma mídia externa, alterações da conectividade dos agentes, inserção de perturbações aleatórias, etc. Entretanto, essas propostas carecem de uma análise sistemática do comportamento do modelo no limite termodinâmico, ou seja, no limite em que o número de agentes tende a infinito. Essa tese foca primariamente nesse tipo de análise nos casos em que os agentes estão fixos nos sítios de uma rede quadrada ou nos sítios de uma cadeia unidimensional. Em particular, quando os fatores culturais iniciais dos agentes são gerados por uma distribuição de Poisson, caracterizamos, através de simulações de Monte Carlo, a transição entre a fase ordenada (pelo menos um domínio cultural ´e macroscópico) e a fase desordenada (todos os domínios culturais são microscópicos) na rede quadrada. Entretanto, não encontramos evidência de uma fase ordenada na cadeia unidimensional. Já para fatores culturais iniciais gerados por uma distribuição uniforme, observamos a transição de fase tanto na rede unidimensional como na bidimensional. Por fim, mostramos que a introdução de um campo externo espacialmente uniforme, cuja interpretação é a de uma mídia global influenciando a opinião dos agentes, elimina o regime monocultural do modelo de Axelrod no limite termodinâmico. / Studies on the maintenance of cultural diversity suggest that the mechanism of social interaction, generally regarded as responsible for cultural homogenization, may also generate diversity. In order to study this phenomenon, the political scientist Robert Axelrod proposed an agent-based model that exhibits multicultural absorbing states, despite the homophilic and homogenizing character of the interaction between agents. In this model the cultural diversity (or disorder) is produced by the choice of the initial cultural traits of the agents, and the homphilic interaction acts towards the reduction of the initial disorder. Due to its simplicity, several re-examinations and variants of Axelrods model are found in the literature: the introduction of an external media, changes in the connectivity of the agents, introduction of random perturbations, etc. However, these proposals lack a systematic analysis of the behavior of the model in the thermodynamic limit, i.e., in the limit that the number of agents tends to infinity. This thesis focuses mainly on that type of analysis in the cases the agents are fixed in the sites of a square lattice or in the sites of a chain. In particular, when the initial cultural traits of the agents are generated by a Poisson distribution we characterize, through Monte Carlo simulations, the transition between the ordered phase (at least one macroscopic cultural domain) and the disordered phase (only microscopic domains) in the square lattice. However, we found no evidence of an ordered phase in the one-dimensional lattice (chain). For initial cultural traits generated by a uniform distribution, we find a phase transition in both the one and two-dimensional lattices. Finally, we show that the introduction of a spatially uniform external field, which can be interpreted as a global media influencing the opinion of the agents, eliminates the monocultural regime of Axelrods model in the thermodynamic limit.

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