Originally presented as author's thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2006. / Also available online. Thesis title: "Being touched by music: a phenomenological-hermeneutical approach to understanding transformational musical experience." Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-112) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 375-406).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [247]-253).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-112) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 21, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-290).

The present work examined subjects' performance on eight types of four word analogy problems. Two critical dimensions distinguish among these analogy types: specificity and inclusiveness. Whole-part analogies such as hand : palm as foot : sole (read hand is to palm as foot is to sole) are specific because the association appearing in the two word pairs consist of spatial/functional relationships which are highly similar to each other. In contrast, analogies such as car : wheel as boat : mast are nonspecific because they use whole-part associations which are less similar to each other. Analogies are inclusive if they use relatively direct associations, as in the whole-part association illustrated by car : wheel. In contrast, noninclusive analogies require additional inferences between words, as illustrated in the part-part association bumper: wheel, which requires the object car to be inferred. Responses from undergraduate university subjects show that both inclusive and specific analogy problems were solved more quickly than their noninclusive and nonspecific counterparts, respectively. Experiment 1 illustrated these specificity and inclusiveness effects both in a recognition (multiple choice) paradigm, and a recall paradigm where subjects spoke their own answer choices aloud. Subsequent experiments were performed to examine the role of the association types and the role of word attributes in subjects' processing of these analogy problems. Experiment 2 attempted to prime subjects with the association type used in each block of analogy problems, but showed a very modest effect on solution latencies. In Experiment 3 reordering the words within analogy problems unexpectedly increased the latencies for many problems, apparently because different words appeared in the third word positions within them. Experiments 4 and 5 focussed directly on the study of specificity. Experiment 4 showed that the processing benefit found for specific analogies is due to the close match of word attributes between word pairs, not due to the attributes of the particular words used. Experiment 5 manipulated the taxonomic similarity of the subject matter addressed by the two pairs of words, and found that the use of word pairs from more taxonomically distant subject areas increased solution latencies for some analogy types. Experiment 6 required subjects to group analogy problems into categories they defined. This procedure validated six of the eight analogy types used in this thesis; the specificity distinction was not evident among the groups of problems formed by subjects. The discussion of these results supports a theoretical model of problem solving four word analogies which incorporates a stage-like, componential processing for nonspecific types, and a faster, more automatic processing for specific types. The discussions of empirical and theoretical work in this thesis also focussed more widely on its relevance to more practical uses of analogies in problem solving. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Psychology. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Humanities. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 67-69. / Ph.D.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure the influence of a logotherapy activity, the mountain range exercise on the purpose in life and values of Grade 11 scholars of a specific culture community in the Western Cape. Two research hypotheses were formulated; firstly, that the logotherapy activity will help to heighten the meaning in the lives of Grade 11 scholars and, secondly, that the logotherapy activity would influence the values of Grade 11 scholars. The fifty-nine subjects used in the study were Grade 11 scholars at Macassar High School in the Western Cape. The subjects were divided into an experimental and control group. Two questionnaires were used in the study: the Purpose in Life-test (PIL) and the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values (AVL). After the experimental group completed the logotherapy activity they were divided into four discussion groups, each group consisting of seven or eight subjects. The groups underwent two discussion sessions. The experimental group completed the logotherapy activity and a post-test was carried out on both groups. Results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group on the Purpose in Life-test. The first research hypotheses is hereby supported; that is the implementation of the logotherapy activity heighten the meaning in the lives of the experimental group. The pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group differed significantly with regard to the economic value. The second research hypotheses is hereby supported, that is, the implementation of the logotherapy activity will influence the values of Grade 11 scholars. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die ondersoek was die meting van die invloed van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit, naamlik die bergreeks-oefening, op die doel van die lewe en waardes van Graad 11 leerlinge van en bepaalde kultuurgemeenskap in die Wes-Kaapland. Twee navorsingshipoteses is geformuleer, naamlik dat die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die sin en betekenis in die lewe van Graad 11 leerlinge sal verhoog en tweedens dat die groepsaktiwiteit die waardes van die leerlinge betekenisvol sal beïnvloed. Die nege-en-vyftig subjekte was Graad 11 hoërskool leerlinge van Macassar Sekondêr in die Wes-Kaapland. Die ondersoekgroep is ewekansig in en eksperimentele en kontrole groep verdeel. Twee vraelyste is toegepas: Die Betekenis in die lewe-vraelys (PIL) en die Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Waardeskaal (AVL). Nadat die eksperimentele groep die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit voltooi het, is hulle in vier diskussiegroepe verdeel, elk met sewe of agt lede. Die diskussiegroepe het twee groepsbesprekings ondergaan. Die nameting is op albei groepe gedoen om sodoende te bepaal of die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die navorsingshipoteses ondersteun. Die eksperimentele groep se voor- en nametingsresultate ten opsigte van hulle sinsbelewing het beduidend verskil. Die eerste navorsingshipotese is hierdeur ondersteun, naamlik dat die implimentering van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die sin van die lewe van die eksperimentele groep verhoog. Die eksperimentele groep se voor- en nametingsresultate ten opsigte van die ekonomiese waarde het beduidend verskil. Die tweede navorsingshipotese is ierdeur ondersteun, naamlik dat die implimentering van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die waardes van die lewe van die Graad 11 leerling beïnvloed.

Orientador: Luciana Maria Lunardi Campos / Banca: Wanda Maria Junqueira de Aguiar / Banca: Renato Eugênio da Silva Diniz / Resumo: Em nosso atual contexto de conflitos entre o poder econômico e questões socioambientais, compreendemos a necessidade de um Ensino de Ciências e de Biologia que contrariem a falsa dicotomia absoluta entre humanidade e natureza, que vise uma educação emancipadora favorável à saúde pública de qualidade para todos e equilíbrio socioambiental, se opondo aos interesses individualistas do capital. Para este fim, o presente trabalho toma como tema "animais sinantrópicos", discutidos no contexto curricular de documentos oficiais e da produção científica de educação, compreendendo a relação entre humanos e animais como mediação para apropriação de conteúdos. Tal tema é proposto através de pressupostos da psicologia histórico-cultural e da pedagogia histórico-crítica. A primeira possibilita neste trabalho uma compreensão da formação dos significados (sociais) e sentidos (subjetivos) dos sujeitos que compõem as suas significações, além das categorias "atividade" e "motivo" para discutir suas práticas. A segunda orienta o tema a partir da concepção de conteúdos clássicos para determinar o que deve ser ensinado e define o ponto de partida e o objetivo do ensino através do conceito de prática social. O objetivo deste estudo foi: identificar e analisar significações atribuídas a animais sinantrópicos por estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública do interior de São Paulo. Como objetivos específicos visou: identificar e analisar a relação das significações com o ensino escolar; identifi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In our current context of conflicts between the economic power and socioenvironmental issues, we understand the need of a Science and a Biology Education that counter the false absolute dichotomy between humanity and nature, and aims an emancipatory education favorable to public health of quality for every one and socioenvironmental balance, opposing the individualistic interests of the capital. To this purpose, the present work focuses on the "synanthropic animals" discussed in the curricular context of official documents and in the education's scientific production, looking at the relationship between humans and animals as mediation for the appropriation of contents. This theme is proposed through the presuppositions of historical-cultural psychology and historical-critical pedagogy. The first makes possible in this work an understanding of the formation of the meanings (social) and the senses (subjective) that make up their significations, besides the categories "activity" and "motive" to discuss their practices. The second guides the contextualization of the theme "synanthropic animals" from the conception of classical contents to define what must be taught and guides the starting point and the direction to teaching from the social practice concept. The objective of this study was: to identify and analyze significations attributed to synanthropic animals by high school students of a public school in the interior of São Paulo. Its specific objectives were: to identify and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The results indicate that such effects could be mainly attributed to activation of multiple semantic representations, in line with the primary goal of meaning access for spoken word comprehension. However, it seems that listeners sometimes do activate orthographic information for fine discrimination when the meaning was uncertain. / The study provides the first systematic set of data for the homophone family size effect, demonstrating its presence in spoken Chinese word recognition. / This study examined the homophone family size effect in spoken Chinese using monosyllabic and disyllabic homophones, and disyllabic words with a homophonic syllable. For each of these three types of words, the family size effect was measured in Exp. 1 to 3 using the auditory lexical decision task. In Exp. 1, participants showed slower response to monosyllabic homophones with a larger family size than those with a smaller family size. In Exp. 2, participants showed an opposite family size effect for disyllabic homophones (e.g. /mi4 feng1/[special characters omitted] and [special characters omitted]), that is, higher accuracy to disyllabic homophones than disyllabic non-homophones. In Exp. 3, the family size effect for disyllabic words with a homophonic syllable was found to be dependent on word frequency, an inhibitory effect was present for low frequency words, regardless of whether the first or the second syllable was the homophonic syllable. Using the same three types of words and the same task, Exp. 4 to 6 examined the neural basis of the family size effect with event-related potentials (ERPs). Results showed that the family size effect mainly resulted from access to the multiple semantic meanings associated with a spoken word. In addition, there was evidence that the multiple word-forms of a homophone were activated in a relatively early state (300--500 ms) during spoken word recognition when the first syllable of a disyllabic word was homophonic. / Wang, Wenna. / Advisers: Alan Chun-nang Wong; John Xuexin Zhang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-07(E), Section: B. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract and appendix also in Chinese.