Although Walter Benjamin argues printed materials are without traditional art authority or aura, Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg’s work exists in the tradition of high art despite their use of mass-produced materials. Johns and Rauschenberg rely on the distracted attention of the viewer in the age of reproduction to engender reassessment of materials in their works. They use objects that contribute to the new distracted audience but create works that force the viewer toward intense contemplation; their works also combat trends Benjamin identifies to stake their claim as artists of original works while remaining relevant to the modern era. Johns merges print, mechanized reproduction, painting, and sculpture to subvert and reaffirm his place as the artist of an auratic object. Rauschenberg employs ready-mades, painting, printed materials, and sculpture in hybrid art works that unite mechanization with human facture to renegotiate and expose the overstimulation of reproduced objects within society.

Cette thèse se propose d'étudier une pratique vidéographique née à la fin du XXe siècle et appelée "vigging". Cette pratique consiste en un mixage de fragments vidéo, passés en boucle, pour traduire en images les sons joués par des musiciens lors de concerts de musique électronique: une performance vidéographique réalisée en temps réel. Avec l'avènement des nouvelles technologies au début du siècle, spécifiquement le cinéma et la photographie, Walter Benjamin avance que la reproductibilité technique induite par cette évolution a contribué à la perte de l'unicité de l'œuvre, sa sacralité et sa rareté d'accès. La théorie de Benjamin consiste à dire que l'apparition de la reproduction mécanisée a donné naissance à l'existence en série de l'œuvre d'art, à sa démocratisation et a abouti par là même à sa perte de l'aura. Cette perte désignerait pour lui la désacralisation et la décadence de l'art à travers la dégradation des valeurs traditionnelles. L'hypothèse avancée dans cette thèse remettrait en question ce constat. A travers l'analyse du processus créateur d'une performance de "vigging", on a essayé de voir en quoi cette forme d'art n'est pas totalement dépourvue d'aura. A travers l'étude de cette pratique, on a tenté de déceler comment la reproductibilité technique n'a-t-elle pas nécessairement contribué à la désacralisation et à la décadence de l'art. En effet, le caractère potentiellement unique de la pratique du vigging en tant que performance éphémère, le passage historique de l'esthétisation de l'art à la démocratisation et la politisation de la culture et le glissement de la nature de la reproduction du mécanique au numérique seraient autant d'éléments qui nous amèneraient à penser un hypothétique renouveau auratique. Le corps de ce texte est une mise à l'épreuve de la question de l'aura Benjaminienne à partir de l'étude de la pratique du vigging. Il s'agit d'une relecture de la définition de l'aura et de sa mise en confrontation, non plus avec le cinéma et la photographie, mais avec le mixage vidéo en temps réel. S'inscrivant dans la poïétique, cette analyse décrit l'instauration et le déploiement des opérations créatrices nécessaires à la réalisation d'une performance de vigging. Cette thèse est essentiellement constituée de quatre parties. La première tourne autour de la constitution d'une bibliothèque d'images. Celle-ci, ensemble de vidéos de courte durée, représente la matière essentielle utilisée pour le mixage vidéo. Elle est constituée de fragments vidéo recyclés ou bien de créations originales. La deuxième partie représente une analyse de l'installation technique et s'arrête sur les outils numériques utilisés pour réaliser la performance. Elle revient sur l'ordinateur comme instrument mais aussi sur les logiciels ou encore les outils électro-numériques externes utilisés... / This thesis proposes to study a videography practice born in the late twentieth century and called vigging. This practice consists of a mix of video fragments, past as loops, to translate into images the sounds played by musicians in electronic music concerts: a videography performance realized in real time. With the advent of new technologies at the beginning of the century, specifically film and photography, Walter Benjamin argues that the technical reproducibility induced by this process has contributed to the loss of the uniqueness of the work, its sacredness and its rarity access. Benjamin's theory is that the onset of mechanical reproduction has led to the existence of the serial work of art, its democratization and thereby resulted in the loss of the aura. This loss nominates him for the desecration and the decadence of art through the degradation of traditional values. The hypothesis in this thesis would question this statement. Through the analysis of the creative process of vigging performance, we tried to see how this art form is not totally devoid of aura. Through the study of this practice, we attempted to identify the technical reproducibility how did she not necessarily contribute to the desecration and decadence of art. Indeed, the character potentially unique of vigging practice as ephemeral performance, the history passage of the aestheticization of art to democratization and politicization of culture and the shift in the nature of reproduction from mechanical to digital would ail of which would lead us to think a hypothetical auratic renewal. The body of the text is put to the test the question of the aura Benjamin from the study of the vigging practice. It’s a reinterpretation of the definition of the aura and its implementation in confrontation, not with film and photography, but with the real-time video mixing. As part of the poietic, this analysis de scribes the development and deployment of creative operations necessary to achieve a vigging performance. This thesis is mainly composed of four parts. The first revolves around the creation of a library of images. This library, composed by short videos represents the essential matter used for the video mixing. lt consists of video fragments recycled or original creations. The second part is an analysis of the technical installation and stops on the digital tools used to achieve performance. It returned to the computer as an instrument but also software tools or external digital-electro tools used. The third part is the study of the vigging during the realization, that’s to say, the performance as a video mixing in real time. lt analyzes the role of the body, how to mix and compose images, the repetitive nature in the construction of visuals, the rehabilitation of accident and the improvisation involvement in the video mixing. Finally, the fourth part wants a return on the context in which the vigging emerged. Being closely linked to the birth of electronic music, we see how they are rooted in concrete music. ln addition, as part of the interdisciplinary interactions problem, specifically the sound and image, we see how the vigging represent a need for unity which the idea, ta combine visual universe and sound environment, is not new.

Entendido como uma etnografia da música, este trabalho tem como foco da investigação o fazer musical do compositor baiano Elomar Figueira Mello, na sua intenção de comunicar uma experiência do sertão através de seus discos e em suas apresentações pelos palcos de teatros e salas de concerto metropolitanas. A partir de duas imagens que emergem da figura do compositor, tanto da análise de seus discos como em meio à experiência de campo, arrisco uma interpretação de sua obra como expressão de uma experiência sintética, liminoide, capaz de comunicar um mundo tradicional na era da reprodutibilidade técnica. / Understood as an ethnography of music, this work focuses on the music-making of the Brazilian northeastern composer Elomar Figueira Mello, in his intention to comunicate an experience of the ?sertão? through both his records and his performances in the metropolitan theatres and concert rooms. Using two images that emerge from the figure of the composer, constructed through record analyses and fieldwork experience, this work risk interpreting of his work as a synthetic experience, liminoid, able to communicates a traditional world in the age of mechanical reproduction.

Entendido como uma etnografia da música, este trabalho tem como foco da investigação o fazer musical do compositor baiano Elomar Figueira Mello, na sua intenção de comunicar uma experiência do sertão através de seus discos e em suas apresentações pelos palcos de teatros e salas de concerto metropolitanas. A partir de duas imagens que emergem da figura do compositor, tanto da análise de seus discos como em meio à experiência de campo, arrisco uma interpretação de sua obra como expressão de uma experiência sintética, liminoide, capaz de comunicar um mundo tradicional na era da reprodutibilidade técnica. / Understood as an ethnography of music, this work focuses on the music-making of the Brazilian northeastern composer Elomar Figueira Mello, in his intention to comunicate an experience of the ?sertão? through both his records and his performances in the metropolitan theatres and concert rooms. Using two images that emerge from the figure of the composer, constructed through record analyses and fieldwork experience, this work risk interpreting of his work as a synthetic experience, liminoid, able to communicates a traditional world in the age of mechanical reproduction.

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