-1 were achieved when testing specimens and this rate was obtained using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. A substantial number of preliminary tests were conducted in order to obtain a suitable specimen size which was then used in the temperature measurement process. Quasistatic, intermediate and high strain-rate tests were performed; the last utilised the radiometer for temperature measurement. An Eyring plot was constructed from which fundamental values for activation volumes and enthalpies were obtained. Full descriptions of the testing techniques used have been included and a brief photoelastic analysis has been carried out on a partially deformed specimen which shows molecular alignment.

This study covers grafting of Acrylic Acid (AA) and Methacrylic Acid (MAA) on Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) thin films by surface grafting and xylene-swollen grafting methods with Co-60 &amp / #947 / -ray in air. Also characterizations of pure, irradiated and grafted films were made by applying gravimetric, spectroscopic, thermal and mechanic tests. The thin films of UHMWPE were prepared by using compression molding. AA and MAA grafting on thin UHMWPE films were carried out by surface grafting and xylene-swollen grafting methods. During grafting processes, homopolymerization of monomers was avoided by using Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions. Grafting degree of AA and MAA were calculated for the samples irradiated at different doses. To verify grafting of AA and MAA on UHMWPE films, FTIR spectra of grafted films were used. Metal-uptake capacity is important property of grafted polyethylene for environmental applications. Thus, we examined metal-uptake capacities of AA and MAA grafted films for Fe(III) and Ni (II) and it was found that AA and MAA grafted UHMWPE films showed good affinity towards Fe(III) and Ni(II) metals. Thermal behavior of films were examined by DSC analysis. First run and second run DSC thermograms showed the thermal stability of films under heat. Mechanical properties of UHMWPE decrease with irradiation and grafting. However stress at break values of xylene-swollen grafted samples tend to increase with irradiation dose. In conclusion, water soluble monomers were successfully grafted on UHMWPE and these AA and MAA grafted UHMWPE films can be used in biomedical, environmental applications and other related areas.

In this study, the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(ethylenetheraphthalate) (PET)-thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP), mixtures and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-TLCP mixtures were studied. The curing of PMMA-TLCP mixtures was done by heat, gamma radiation and microwave. The amount of TLCP in mixtures was % 0.5, 2 and 5 TLCP by weight. TLCP was synthesized by melt-acidolysis system, and PET-TLCP mixtures were prepared by using lab scale batch mixer. PMMA samples were prepared according to denture manufacturer&rsquo / s procedure. The characterization of polymer samples and mixtures were carried by FT-IR, NMR, DSC, DMA, tensile, impact, three point bending tests and light microscopy. The mixing of TLCP with PMMA yielded heterogeneous dispersions. This was observed from light micrographs. The mechanical and rheological properties of all polymers were not positively affected by inclusion of TLCP. It is also worthwhile to note that weakening of PET-TLCP mixtures were due to the thermal degradation as the thermal age of the mixtures is much higher.

Submitted by Bruno de Paula Rosa null (probrunorosa@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T19:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_ROSA-FINAL.pdf: 2710911 bytes, checksum: 8a66299171ca5006952e4bc224d21c5a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-04-10T17:16:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_bp_me_ilha.pdf: 2710911 bytes, checksum: 8a66299171ca5006952e4bc224d21c5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T17:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_bp_me_ilha.pdf: 2710911 bytes, checksum: 8a66299171ca5006952e4bc224d21c5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Pensando na sustentabilidade, a introdução de fibras naturais em substituição às sintéticas no reforço de matrizes poliméricas, faz-se necessária entre outras coisas devido à preservação do meio ambiente, redução de custos, sem que comprometa a qualidade final do material. Esse projeto tem o objetivo de obter as características mecânicas e térmicas de materiais compósitos a base de resina epoxídica curada DGEBA/TETA com a adição de porcentagens específicas de fibras de buriti. A fibra escolhida foi o buriti, pela abundância no Mato Grosso do Sul, buscando um desenvolvimento sócio econômico para a região e a matriz escolhida foi a epóxi DGEBA/TETA por ser a resina mais utilizada no mundo. Foram utilizadas fibras com diâmetro de 0,17mm e comprimento de 30mm em porcentagens em massa de 1%,5%,10%,15% e 17,6% do total do compósito. A caracterização mecânica foi realizada através de ensaios de tração. Após a ruptura dos corpos de prova foi verificado com uso da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV),a formação de microvazios através dos ensaios de Termogravimetria (TGA) e Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) foram verificadas a degradação e temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) dos compósitos. O compósito com a adição de 5% em massa de fibras apresentou um aumento de 11,98% (60,12 para 67,32 MPa) no limite de resistência a tração (LRT) e de 8,21% no módulo de elasticidade (E) (901,06 para 977,82 Mpa) em relação a resina pura, acima de 5% as propriedades permaneceram constantes. Já o Limite de Resistência à propagação de trincas (K1C) não apresentou alterações significativas ao se adicionar fibras a resina (permanecendo em torno de 1,19 MPa). Não houve alteração na transição vítrea, ficando em torno de 70ºC. Já o TGA verificou que a temperatura de degradação dos compósitos apresentou um valor intermediário entre a resina pura e a fibra pura. / Thinking about sustainability, the introduction of natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers in the reinforcement of polymer matrices, is necessary among other things due to the preservation of the environment, cost reduction without compromising the final quality of the material. This project aims to obtain the mechanical and thermal characteristics of composite materials based on cured DGEBA / TETA epoxy resin with the addition of specific percentages of buriti fibers. The fiber was buriti, due to the abundance in Mato Grosso do Sul, seeking a socioeconomic development for the region and the chosen matrix was the epoxy DGEBA / TETA as the most used resin in the world. Fibers with a diameter of 0.17mm and a length of 30mm were used in mass percentages of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 17,6% of the total composite. The mechanical characterization was performed through tensile tests. After the rupture of the specimens was verified with the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the microgravity formation through the Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests showed the degradation and glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the composites. The composite with the addition of 5% by mass of fibers presented an increase of 11.98% (60.12 to 67.32 MPa) at the tensile strength limit (LRT) and 8.21% in the modulus of elasticity ( E) (901.06 to 977.82 MPa) relative to pure resin, above 5% the properties remained constant. However, the Limit of Resistance to crack propagation (K1C) did not show significant changes when adding fibers to the resin (remaining around 1,19 MPa). There was no change in the glass transition, being around 70ºC. The TGA verified that the degradation temperature of the composites showed an intermediate value between the pure resin and the pure fiber.

Les matériaux aujourd'hui utilisés pour l'isolation thermique en milieu aquatique sous pression hydrostatique sont soit des mousses souples à base de caoutchoucs, soit des mousses rigides, notamment syntactiques, selon la profondeur. Ces matériaux souples ont été analysés par des tests mécaniques et thermiques classiques. Cependant, les protocoles et valeurs relevées ont été adaptés à l'usage final du produit, et plus particulièrement à l'environnement aquatique en surface et en profondeur. Les relations entre les différentes caractéristiques (structures et propriétés) de ces matériaux ont été étudiées afin de définir les propriétés adéquates selon des critères pertinents. Pour mettre en évidence les propriétés thermiques sous pression hydrostatique, un outil de test a de plus été développé : une enceinte de test hyperbare innovante, pour l'évaluation de la résistance thermique et de l'épaisseur sous pression d'eau entre 0 et 50 m de profondeur. Les points forts et faibles des matières classiquement utilisées ont été clairement établis. L'analyse de ces résultats a permis d'identifier un concept de matériau composite propre à l'usage défini. Une matière innovante a été conçue en fonction : une mousse syntactique. En variant le type de particules additionnées à une matrice thermoplastique élastomère, la structure cellulaire a été affinée pour obtenir un comportement identique en milieu aquatique, en surface comme en profondeur. En parallèle de sa production industrielle, cette matière a été testée afin d'identifier les relations entre structures et propriétés. / Materials nowadays used for thermal insulation in aquatic environment under hydrostatic pressure are either rubber flexible foams or rigid foams, especially syntactic foams, depending on depth. These flexible materials were analyzed through classical mechanical and thermal tests. However, methods and results were adapted to the final usage of the product, particularly to the aquatic environment at the surface and under depth. Relationships between structures and properties characteristics were studied to define appropriate properties within relevant criteria. Moreover, to underline thermal properties under hydrostatic pressure, a testing instrument has been developed: an innovating hyperbaric test chamber, dedicated to under water pressure thermal resistance and thickness measurements, from 0 to 50 m depth. Strengths and weak points of these classical materials have been clearly established. Results analysis lead to a new concept of composite material for the defined usage. This innovating material, a syntactic foam, has been developed. By varying the particle type added to a thermoplastic elastomer matrix, the cellular structure has been refined in order to obtain a similar behaviour in aquatic environment, at the surface like in depth. This material has been tested, parallel to its industrial production, to identify relationships between structures and properties.

The aim of the master’s thesis is study of polymer composite system with the addition of graphite, production of test specimen and determination of their mechanical and thermal properties. The theoretical part deals with graphene, its structure, preparation and properties. Subsequently, it deals with functionalization and derivates and nanocomposites polymers with the addition of graphene are generally analyzed. The experimental deals with the preparation of selected specimens. Tensile and laternal tests and DMA were used for study.

No description available.

Orientador: Newton Dias Filho / Resumo: Pensando na sustentabilidade, a introdução de fibras naturais em substituição às sintéticas no reforço de matrizes poliméricas, faz-se necessária entre outras coisas devido à preservação do meio ambiente, redução de custos, sem que comprometa a qualidade final do material. Esse projeto tem o objetivo de obter as características mecânicas e térmicas de materiais compósitos a base de resina epoxídica curada DGEBA/TETA com a adição de porcentagens específicas de fibras de buriti. A fibra escolhida foi o buriti, pela abundância no Mato Grosso do Sul, buscando um desenvolvimento sócio econômico para a região e a matriz escolhida foi a epóxi DGEBA/TETA por ser a resina mais utilizada no mundo. Foram utilizadas fibras com diâmetro de 0,17mm e comprimento de 30mm em porcentagens em massa de 1%,5%,10%,15% e 17,6% do total do compósito. A caracterização mecânica foi realizada através de ensaios de tração. Após a ruptura dos corpos de prova foi verificado com uso da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV),a formação de microvazios através dos ensaios de Termogravimetria (TGA) e Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) foram verificadas a degradação e temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) dos compósitos. O compósito com a adição de 5% em massa de fibras apresentou um aumento de 11,98% (60,12 para 67,32 MPa) no limite de resistência a tração (LRT) e de 8,21% no módulo de elasticidade (E) (901,06 para 977,82 Mpa) em relação a resina pura, acima de 5% as propriedades permaneceram consta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Thinking about sustainability, the introduction of natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers in the reinforcement of polymer matrices, is necessary among other things due to the preservation of the environment, cost reduction without compromising the final quality of the material. This project aims to obtain the mechanical and thermal characteristics of composite materials based on cured DGEBA / TETA epoxy resin with the addition of specific percentages of buriti fibers. The fiber was buriti, due to the abundance in Mato Grosso do Sul, seeking a socioeconomic development for the region and the chosen matrix was the epoxy DGEBA / TETA as the most used resin in the world. Fibers with a diameter of 0.17mm and a length of 30mm were used in mass percentages of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 17,6% of the total composite. The mechanical characterization was performed through tensile tests. After the rupture of the specimens was verified with the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the microgravity formation through the Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests showed the degradation and glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the composites. The composite with the addition of 5% by mass of fibers presented an increase of 11.98% (60.12 to 67.32 MPa) at the tensile strength limit (LRT) and 8.21% in the modulus of elasticity ( E) (901.06 to 977.82 MPa) relative to pure resin, above 5% the properties remained constant. However, the Limit of Resistance to crack... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The blending of lignin as a component in a thermoplastic blend poses a challenge in the form of dispersion and compatibility. Polyesters such as poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) offer the best opportunity of compatibility in melt blending with lignin due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds. The fractionation of lignin into more homogeneous fractions offers better dispersion and more consistent properties, retaining the toughness of the original polymer in addition to bridging stress transfer between PLA and PBAT. Functionalization of lignin was done by lactic acid grafting. The resulting blend of PLA/PBAT/modified fractionated lignin showed improved interaction between lignin and PLA, but reduced compatibility between lignin and PBAT. This thesis provides a deeper understanding on the effect of lignin heterogeneity, its fractions, and the functionalization of lignin on lignin and bioplastic blends to further the use of a largely produced industrial by-product in high value applications. / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) – Lignoworks Biomaterials and Chemicals Strategic Research Network, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)

Orientador: Wagner dos Santos Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T05:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_FabianaAndrade_M.pdf: 1145189 bytes, checksum: 29556744125fb04999a58841364829c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: As resinas compostas vêm sendo desenvolvidas para o mercado odontológico desde a segunda metade do século passado, devendo atender a uma série de requisitos necessários para o bom desempenho da restauração. Isto pode ser conseguido através da variação da composição das resinas compostas, em relação aos monômeros que compõem a matriz polimérica e as cargas inorgânicas, como também de parâmetros relacionados ao aparelho fotopolimerizador, tais como intensidade e tipo de fonte. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a influência causada nas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas, de duas resinas comercias, Z100(3M) e Charisma (Heraues Kulzer). Bem como, a influência do tipo de fotopolimerizador, utilizando fontes do tipo luz halógena e diodo emissor de luz, LED. As avaliações foram realizadas por análise termodinâmico mecânica, DMA e calorimetria diferencial exploratória, DSC. Um planejamento fatorial 22 (2 variáveis 2 níveis cada variável) foi utilizado para analisar os resultados. As variáveis foram resina comercial e aparelho fotopolimerizador, sendo os níveis para a primeira as resinas Z100e Charisma, e para a segunda, os níveis foram os fotopolimerizadores tipo LED e tipo luz halógena. As duas resinas apresentaram diferentes propriedades mecânicas e térmicas. Além disso o tipo de aparelho fotopolimerizador também influenciou os resultado. As resinas fotopolimerizadas por luz halógena apresentaram melhores propriedades mecânicas e térmicas. Pôde-se observar que a resina Charisma apresentou cura térmica no decorrer das duas análises. Esta mesma resina obteve o melhor desempenho no DMA provavelmente por ser susceptível a pós cura / Abstract: The resins composite have been developed to dentistry purposes since the second half of the last century. The research of these materials must take into account a serie of requirements that further a suitable performance to the restoration. Due to the resins composite are submitted to the oral environment, they will must be biocompatible, and to present thermal, dimensional e mechanical stability. This can be obtained to differences in resin and filler composition and the parameters related to the light cure unit, as intensity and type of source. The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical and thermal properties of two commercial resins. The data were obtained by use of resins Z100 and Charisma. The materials were irradiated by halogen light source and light emission diode (LED). The specimens obtained were analyzed by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). A factorial planning 22 (2 variable and 2 levels) was utilized to evaluate the data. The results showed different mechanical and thermal properties to each resin and type of light unit cure. The resins photopolimerized by halogen light presented better mechanical and thermal properties. It was observed that Charisma resin presented thermal cure in elapsing of the two analyses and showed better mechanical properties probably for being receptive postcure / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química