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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avaliação de Musca domestica como vetor mecanico de microrganismos patogenicos em queijo minas frescal / Evaluation of Musca domestica as mechanical vector of pathogenic microrganisms in Minas frescal cheese

Cardozo, Gina Maria Bueno Quirino 22 February 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Arnaldo Yoshiteru Kuaye / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T04:17:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardozo_GinaMariaBuenoQuirino_M.pdf: 1157718 bytes, checksum: 2612bc7c01ab1e98484d19addbdcb0b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: As moscas são consideradas responsáveis pela transmissão de doenças de origem alimentar ao atuarem como vetores mecânicos de microrganismos patogênicos, como Shigella sp, Salmonella Enteriditis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni desde o reservatório até os alimentos. Os produtos lácteos, principalmente os produzidos artesanalmente quase sempre em condições inadequadas de higiene, são os mais susceptíveis a estes tipos de vetores, representando sérios riscos à saúde do consumidor. A contagem total de bactérias aeróbias mesofílicas e de coliformes totais e fecais, a presença de microrganismos patogênicos em população de moscas domésticas e o potencial de transmissão dos mesmos para queijos Minas frescal foram estudados neste trabalho. Os resultados confirmaram a presença de Musca domestica em todos os ambientes de fabricação de queijo Minas frescal aqui estudados. As análises microbiológicas das amostras de moscas domésticas, matéria-prima (leite) e produto final (queijo Minas frescal), coletadas em local de fabricação de queijo Minas frescal artesanal, demonstraram uma correlação entre os microrganismos patogênicos presentes no ¿pool¿ de moscas, no leite e no queijo. As análises microscópicas das amostras de leite e queijo artesanal apresentaram matérias prejudiciais à saúde humana como mosca inteira, fragmentos de mosca e pêlos de roedor, indicando condições higiênico-sanitárias precárias nas etapas de obtenção do leite e processamento dos queijos. Foi verificado também o potencial de transmissão dos microrganismos patogênicos (Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Escherichia coli) das moscas em amostras comerciais de queijo Minas frescal ultrafiltrado. Através do processamento do queijo Minas frescal em planta piloto, pode-se verificar tanto a efetiva eliminação das matérias estranhas pela utilização da etapa de filtração do leite antes da fase de pasteurização, quanto o possível carreamento de microrganismos indesejáveis através do contato com homogeneizado de moscas. A capacidade de transmissão de microrganismos patogênicos de habitat contaminado artificialmente, via Musca domestica, para queijo Minas frescal pode ser verificado, comprovando assim o potencial de risco da presença de moscas domésticas em ambientes de fabricação de produtos lácteos/queijo / Abstract: The flies are considered responsible for the transmission of foodborne diseases origin when acting as mechanical vectors of pathogenic microrganisms, such as Shigella sp., Salmonella Enteriditis, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Campylobacter jejuni from the reservoir to food. The artisan dairy products are produced almost always in a non totally adequate conditions of hygiene. Therefore, the handmade dairy products are the most suitable to these types of vectors, representing serious risks to the consumer¿s health. The total counting of mesophilic microrganisms and total and fecal coliforms, the presence of pathogenic microrganisms in relation to the population of houseflies and the potential of transmission of the same for ¿Minas frescal¿ cheese were studied in this work. The results confirmed the presence of Musca domestica in all environments of manufacturing of ¿Minas frescal¿ cheese studied here. The microbiological analyses of the samples of houseflies, raw material (milk) and last item (¿Minas frescal¿ cheese), collected in places of manufacturing of handmade ¿Minas frescal¿ cheese, demonstrated the direct correlation between pathogenic microrganisms present in ¿pool¿ of flies, in milk and cheese. The microscopical analyses of the milk and handmade cheese, that characterized themselves for presenting harmful material to human health such as the whole fly, fly fragments and rodent hairs, indicating precarious hygienical-sanitary conditions in the stages of the attainment of milk and the processing of cheese. It was verified that there is a real potential of transmission of the pathogenic microrganisms (Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli) from the flies to a commercial sample of ¿Minas frescal¿ cheese ultrafiltered. Through the processing of the ¿Minas frescal¿ cheese in pilot laboratory, it could be verified the effective elimination of extraneous materials by the use of the stage of filtration of milk before the pasteurization phase, although there is a possible undesirable carrying of microrganisms through the homogeneized contact with flies. The capacity of transmission of pathogenic microrganisms of habitat contaminated artificially, through Musca domestica, to ¿Minas frescal¿ cheese can be verified, thus proving the risk potential of the presence of houseflies in environments of manufacturing of dairy products/cheese / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
2

Avaliação do potencial das formigas como vetores mecâncios de micobactérias em hospital especializado na assistência de pacientes de tuberculose no Estado de São Paulo / Evaluation of ants as potential mechanical vectors of mycobacteria in a hospital specializing in assistance to TB patients, the state of São Paulo

Couceiro, Ana Paula Macedo Ruggiero 02 April 2012 (has links)
Introdução - A urbanização desencadeia inúmeros transtornos, como a disseminação de artrópodes e, conseqüentemente, de doenças veiculadas pelos mesmos. As formigas são muito adaptáveis e se beneficiam com a convivência humana. Nos hospitais, elas podem ser vetores mecânicos de inúmeras bactérias, e a diversidade de espécies encontradas nestes ambientes, causam preocupação pelo risco potencial à saúde pública. O aumento das infecções hospitalares envolvendo micobactérias ambientais, com surtos no Brasil entre 1998 a 2009 em 23 estados alarmou os órgãos e profissionais de saúde pública. Objetivos - Avaliar o potencial de formigas como vetores de micobactérias em um hospital especializado no atendimento de doentes com tuberculose. Métodos - Foram realizadas seis coletas de formigas em diferentes áreas do hospital no período de 2009 a 2010, que foram semeadas em meios de cultura de Löwenstein-Jensen e de Stonebrink para isolamento de micobactérias. As culturas sugestivas foram submetidas à coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen para bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes e identificação por métodos moleculares (PRA para o gene hsp65 com o par de primers TB11 e TB12 gênero-específico e sequenciamento genético do DNA). Resultados - Do total de 247 amostras de formigas coletadas e semeadas, 70 por cento das formigas pertenciam à espécie Tapinoma melanocephalum, 25 por cento a espécie Dorymyrmex sp., 3 por cento a espécie Camponotus sp. e 2 por cento a espécie Pheidole sp., dados similares foram observados anteriormente em pesquisas realizadas em hospitais. Quinze amostras apresentaram bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes de crescimento rápido. Nos métodos moleculares, doze pertenciam ao Gênero Mycobacterium. No PRA-hsp 65, e no sequenciamento genético do DNA, quatro amostras foram identificadas quanto à espécie (duas Mycobacterium chelonae, uma Mycobacterium parafortuitum e uma Mycobacterium murale), quatro micobactérias com resultados idênticos no PRA e não identificadas no sequenciamento foram sugestivas de uma nova espécie, e duas amostras não foram identificadas. Mycobacterium chelonae isolada nesta pesquisa foi previamente descrita como agente causador de abscessos em humanos. Conclusão - Estes dados confirmam a presença de micobactérias veiculadas por formigas no ambiente hospitalar, representando um potencial vetor mecânico destas para pacientes e profissionais de saúde, principalmente em infecções nosocomiais / Introduction- Urbanization triggers numerous disorders, such as the dissemination of arthropods and, consequently, dissemination of diseases transmitted by them. Some ant species are very adaptable to the human environment. At hospitals, once they are mechanical vectors of bacteria, and the diversity of species found in these environments, they can represent a potential risk to public health. The increase of nosocomial infections involving environmental mycobacteria, with outbreaks in Brazil from 1998 to 2009 in 23 states called the interest of health professionals and health agencies. Purpose - Evaluate the potential of ants as vectors of mycobacteria in a hospital specialized in the care of patients with tuberculosis. Methods Samples of ants were collected from different areas of the hospital from 2009 to 2010, and workers were inoculated in Löwenstein-Jensen and Stonebrink media for mycobacteria isolation. The suggestive cultures were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli and identification were performed by molecular methods (PRA for the hsp65 gene with the pair of primers TB11 - TB12 and genetic sequencing). Results - The total of 247 samples of ants collected and sown, 70 per cent belonged to species of ants Tapinoma melanochepalum, 25 per cent Dorymyrmex sp.,3 per cent Camponotus sp. and 2 per cent Pheidole sp., data similar with previous studies conducted in hospitals. Fifteen fast-growing mycobacteria were isolated. In molecular methods, twelve belonged to the genus Mycobacterium. In PRA-hsp65, and the genome sequencing of DNA, four samples were identified at species level (two Mycobacterium chelonae, one Mycobacterium parafortuitum and one Mycobacterium murale), four mycobacteria with similar results in the PRA and not identified in the sequencing, suggestive of a new species and two unidentified samples. M. chelonae was previously reported as causative agent of abscess in humans. Conclusions - These results confirm the presence of mycobacteria carried by ants in the hospital, representing a potential mechanical vector for these patients and healthcare professionals, particularly in nosocomial infections
3

Avaliação do potencial das formigas como vetores mecâncios de micobactérias em hospital especializado na assistência de pacientes de tuberculose no Estado de São Paulo / Evaluation of ants as potential mechanical vectors of mycobacteria in a hospital specializing in assistance to TB patients, the state of São Paulo

Ana Paula Macedo Ruggiero Couceiro 02 April 2012 (has links)
Introdução - A urbanização desencadeia inúmeros transtornos, como a disseminação de artrópodes e, conseqüentemente, de doenças veiculadas pelos mesmos. As formigas são muito adaptáveis e se beneficiam com a convivência humana. Nos hospitais, elas podem ser vetores mecânicos de inúmeras bactérias, e a diversidade de espécies encontradas nestes ambientes, causam preocupação pelo risco potencial à saúde pública. O aumento das infecções hospitalares envolvendo micobactérias ambientais, com surtos no Brasil entre 1998 a 2009 em 23 estados alarmou os órgãos e profissionais de saúde pública. Objetivos - Avaliar o potencial de formigas como vetores de micobactérias em um hospital especializado no atendimento de doentes com tuberculose. Métodos - Foram realizadas seis coletas de formigas em diferentes áreas do hospital no período de 2009 a 2010, que foram semeadas em meios de cultura de Löwenstein-Jensen e de Stonebrink para isolamento de micobactérias. As culturas sugestivas foram submetidas à coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen para bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes e identificação por métodos moleculares (PRA para o gene hsp65 com o par de primers TB11 e TB12 gênero-específico e sequenciamento genético do DNA). Resultados - Do total de 247 amostras de formigas coletadas e semeadas, 70 por cento das formigas pertenciam à espécie Tapinoma melanocephalum, 25 por cento a espécie Dorymyrmex sp., 3 por cento a espécie Camponotus sp. e 2 por cento a espécie Pheidole sp., dados similares foram observados anteriormente em pesquisas realizadas em hospitais. Quinze amostras apresentaram bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes de crescimento rápido. Nos métodos moleculares, doze pertenciam ao Gênero Mycobacterium. No PRA-hsp 65, e no sequenciamento genético do DNA, quatro amostras foram identificadas quanto à espécie (duas Mycobacterium chelonae, uma Mycobacterium parafortuitum e uma Mycobacterium murale), quatro micobactérias com resultados idênticos no PRA e não identificadas no sequenciamento foram sugestivas de uma nova espécie, e duas amostras não foram identificadas. Mycobacterium chelonae isolada nesta pesquisa foi previamente descrita como agente causador de abscessos em humanos. Conclusão - Estes dados confirmam a presença de micobactérias veiculadas por formigas no ambiente hospitalar, representando um potencial vetor mecânico destas para pacientes e profissionais de saúde, principalmente em infecções nosocomiais / Introduction- Urbanization triggers numerous disorders, such as the dissemination of arthropods and, consequently, dissemination of diseases transmitted by them. Some ant species are very adaptable to the human environment. At hospitals, once they are mechanical vectors of bacteria, and the diversity of species found in these environments, they can represent a potential risk to public health. The increase of nosocomial infections involving environmental mycobacteria, with outbreaks in Brazil from 1998 to 2009 in 23 states called the interest of health professionals and health agencies. Purpose - Evaluate the potential of ants as vectors of mycobacteria in a hospital specialized in the care of patients with tuberculosis. Methods Samples of ants were collected from different areas of the hospital from 2009 to 2010, and workers were inoculated in Löwenstein-Jensen and Stonebrink media for mycobacteria isolation. The suggestive cultures were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli and identification were performed by molecular methods (PRA for the hsp65 gene with the pair of primers TB11 - TB12 and genetic sequencing). Results - The total of 247 samples of ants collected and sown, 70 per cent belonged to species of ants Tapinoma melanochepalum, 25 per cent Dorymyrmex sp.,3 per cent Camponotus sp. and 2 per cent Pheidole sp., data similar with previous studies conducted in hospitals. Fifteen fast-growing mycobacteria were isolated. In molecular methods, twelve belonged to the genus Mycobacterium. In PRA-hsp65, and the genome sequencing of DNA, four samples were identified at species level (two Mycobacterium chelonae, one Mycobacterium parafortuitum and one Mycobacterium murale), four mycobacteria with similar results in the PRA and not identified in the sequencing, suggestive of a new species and two unidentified samples. M. chelonae was previously reported as causative agent of abscess in humans. Conclusions - These results confirm the presence of mycobacteria carried by ants in the hospital, representing a potential mechanical vector for these patients and healthcare professionals, particularly in nosocomial infections
4

Stomoxys calcitrans : évaluation du rôle dans la transmission de Besnoitia besnoiti et nouveaux moyens de contrôle / Stomoxys calcitrans : assessment of the role in the transmission of Besnoitia besnoiti and new methods of control

Sharif, Shukri 21 June 2018 (has links)
La mouche charbonneuse, Stomoxys calcitrans, est une mouche hématophage commune et cosmopolite. Elle est le vecteur de nombreux agents pathogènes dont Besnoitia besnoiti, une coccidie parasite des bovins à l’origine de la formation de kystes cutanés. La compétence vectorielle de S. calcitrans pour B. besnoiti reste cependant mal connue. Dans ce travail, la persistance des formes bradyzoites et tachyzoites de B. besnoiti a été évaluée sur les pièces buccales et dans le tractus digestif des mouches. Dans ces conditions expérimentales, B. besnoiti persiste deux jours au maximum chez les stomoxes. La destruction rapide du parasite chez ce vecteur suggère que la transmission vectorielle mécanique ne peut avoir lieu que très peu de temps après un repas contaminant sur un hôte bovin infecté. De plus, nous avons étudié la capacité des stomoxes à transmettre les formes bradyzoites ou tachyzoites à des lapins, utilisés ici comme animaux modèles de besnoitiose. Des repas interrompus de stomoxes ont été réalisés sur des bovins en phase chronique de besnoitiose (source de formes bradyzoites dans leur peau) ou bien sur du sang contaminé avec des tachyzoites de culture. Le repas a ensuite été complété sur des lapins. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que 300 stomoxes sont suffisants pour transmettre des bradyzoites virulents d’un bovin à un lapin qui a montré des signes de besnoitiose aigue et une séroconversion. Dans la troisième partie de ce travail, des méthodes alternatives aux insecticides ont été testées afin de proposer des stratégies de contrôle efficaces et pérennes contre ces vecteurs. L’attractivité pour les stomoxes de sept types d’écrans bleus, présentant entre eux de légères variations de réflectance autour de 460 nm, a été étudiée, de même que les facteurs influençant l’efficacité des pièges (hauteur par rapport au sol, orientation est ou ouest de l’écran, proximité de différents hôtes ou d’un tas de fumier). Les résultats ont montré une très grande attractivité, de très hauts niveaux de capture et une grande sélectivité de tous les écrans testés. Un total de 164692 stomoxes a été capturé au cours de l’étude (soit 24 jours de piégeage avec 4 écrans par jour et 8 heures par jour). La moitié inférieure des écrans a capturé la majorité des stomoxes (70%), de même, le nombre de stomoxes capturés par la partie de l’écran orientée à l’Est est plus important que sur la face orientée à l’Ouest. Ces éléments soulignent l’intérêt de cetype de dispositifs dans la lutte contre les stomoxes. / The Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a common and worldwide-distributed blood-feeding fly. It is the vector of numerous pathogens including Besnoitia besnoiti, a cyst-forming coccidian parasite of cattle. Vector competency of S. calcitrans for B. besnoiti remains poorly understood. We investigated here the persistence of bradyzoites and tachyzoites forms of B. besnoiti on mouthparts and in digestive tract of S. calcitrans. In experimental conditions, B. besnoiti proved to persist until two days in stable flies. The fast destruction of parasite within this vector suggests that mechanical transmission could occur a short time only after a contaminated blood meal. Moreover, we investigated the competence of stable flies to transmit immediately B besnoiti bradyzoites and tachyzoites to susceptible rabbits after an interrupted blood meal on chronically infected cows (source of bradyzoites) or on a tachyzoite-contaminated blood meal. The results show that 300 S. calcitrans only were able to transmit virulent bradyzoites to rabbits which suffered from clinical signs of acute besnoitiosis and seroconverted. In the third part of this study, we examined sustainable methods as alternative to insecticides but efficient to control this pest. Seven different types of blue screens, with slight differences in their reflectance around 460 nm, were tested in order to evaluate their attractiveness for stable flies and to determine the factors associated with the efficiency of trapping (height of screens, east versus west side of blue screen, proximity of different hosts and manure). The results showed high attractiveness, high number of captures and very high selectivity of all tested screens, with a total number of 164692 stable flies during the study (24 days of capture, 4 blue screens per day, 8 hours per day). The results showed that the lower part of the blue screens caught the majority of stable flies, whereas the east orientation was the most attractive which caught up to 60 % of the total number captured of stable flies. Taking together, these results are highlighting the interest of these new devices in the future control of stable flies.

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