In Egypt, during the late nineteenth-early twentieth century, older, fragmented, and more localized forms of identity were rapidly replaced with new alternative concepts of community, which for the first time, had the capacity to collectively encompass the majority of Egyptians. The existing historiography however, places Egyptian nationalism exclusively within the realm of elite politics. Thus, this dissertation seeks to investigate the agency of ordinary Egyptians in constructing and negotiating national identity. The principal reason why the Egyptian urban masses are not well represented in the literature is the almost complete neglect of colloquial Egyptian sources. Indeed, I would contend that writing a history of modern Egypt without taking into account colloquial Egyptian sources is, by default, a top-down history and will at best provide only a partial understanding of Egyptian society.This study has several simultaneous objectives. The first is to highlight and feature the role and importance of previously neglected colloquial Egyptian sources--be they oral or textual--in examining modern Egyptian history. This, I argue, is crucial to any attempt at capturing the voice of "ordinary" Egyptians. The second objective is to document the influence of a developing colloquial Egyptian mass culture as a vehicle and forum through which, among other things, "hidden transcripts" of resistance and critiques of colonial and elite authority took place. And lastly, through the lens of colloquial mass culture, this study traces the development of collective Egyptian identity, and the strengthening of Egyptian national communality from the 1870s to the 1919 Revolution.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-27T12:27:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Erico de Paula.pdf: 724568 bytes, checksum: a150a52744f1c0d2af7a71f09e6f9eb1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-27T12:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erico de Paula.pdf: 724568 bytes, checksum: a150a52744f1c0d2af7a71f09e6f9eb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research deals with social network websites as products derived from the mediatic capitalism. It was identified a historical alignment in the logic and principles between: capitalism, communication networks and social networks. A paradox was identified in these sites, where spectralised subjects simultaneously constitute and are captured through a power strategy which transforms information into demographic data - public (consumer) profiles. These sites are understood here as the ultimate device of media visibility in the context of cyber-cultural media capitalism. The focus is on in-depth study of Facebook’s products and services offered to corporate capital for Marketing actions. Finally, how capital has appropriated this media environment, turning it into a kind of big data of Marketing. From this perspective, the following questions are raised: (1) what is the function and social significance of these social network websites in the context of media capitalism in its cyberculture stage? (2) is it possible to state that the appropriative practices of communication tools in this media environment are configured as a means of capture? We work with the following hypotheses: (1) these cyber-cultural products popularly known as social networks are typical products of media capitalism and are historically aligned with the logic and principles of communication networks and capitalism; (2) such websites could be understood as technological capture devices, which translate circulating information (individual and / or collective) into demographic data, capable of segmenting, recombining and organizing people into groups and such groups in "target audiences" for Marketing actions. The aim is to provide a critical analysis of the role of these online environments in the corporate capital and an understanding of their sociocultural significance in the current phase of capitalism. The research uses the concepts and definitions about media capitalism (Perry Anderson, Frederic Jameson and David Harvey); about social networks (Danah Boyd, Nicole Ellyson, Daniel Parrochia, Silvia Portugal); in the perspective of the critical epistemology of cyberculture (Eugênio Trivinho); and biopower / control society (Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Giorgio Agamben, Antônio Negri, Michael Hardt,); and the theoretical foundation related to marketing techniques, practices, discourses and actions (Phillip Kotler, Peter Drucker). Therefore, the idea is to contribute to the critical studies on Marketing actions and practices projected through the appropriation of the new communication technologies in the environment of media visibility / A presente pesquisa versa sobre os sites de redes sociais como produto próprio do capitalismo mediático cibercultural utilizado como recurso comunicacional em ações de marketing de empresas na comunicação com seu público-alvo. O propósito principal do trabalho foi o de refletir sobre a função desses ambientes online para o capital, bem como o de compreender a sua significação sociocultural na fase atual da civilização mediática. A investigação identificou um alinhamento histórico entre capitalismo, meios de comunicação e marketing que pode ser observado na constituição desses sites de redes sociais; e constatou um paradoxo ali existente, a saber: sujeitos espectralizados são, simultaneamente, constituídos e capturados através de estratégia de poder que transformam informações em dados demográficos / perfis de público (consumidores). Na pesquisa, esses sites foram compreendidos como os mais novos dispositivos de visibilidade mediática no contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo. A análise de corpus recaiu sobre o Facebook, alguns fatos da história e evolução da empresa, assim como seus produtos e serviços oferecidos aos seus públicos. Nessa perspectiva, foram levantadas as seguintes questões: (1) qual a função e a significação dessas redes sociais no contexto do capitalismo mediático cibercultural?; (2) é possível afirmar que as práticas apropriativas desses sites fazem com que os mesmos se configurem como dispositivos de captura do capitalismo mediático cibercultural? A pesquisa considerou as seguintes hipóteses, então confirmadas: (1) esses produtos ciberculturais, conhecidos popularmente como redes sociais, são característicos do capitalismo mediático e atendem a todas as demandas, assim como à lógica e os princípios do capitalismo mediático, da cibercultura e do marketing; (2) esses sites podem, de fato, ser compreendidos como dispositivos tecnológicos de captura, que traduzem informações circulantes (individuais e/ou coletivas) em dados demográficos, capazes de organizar, recombinar e segmentá-los e assim criarem públicos-alvo para novos produtos e ações de marketing. Recorreu-se, para consumar os objetivos da pesquisa à conceituações e esquemas teóricos relacionados ao capitalismo mediático (com base em Perry Anderson, Fredric Jameson e David Harvey), às técnicas, práticas, discursos e ações de marketing (Robert Bartels, Phillip Kotler e Peter Drucker), às redes sociais (Danah Boyd, Nicole Ellyson, Daniel Parrochia e Silvia Portugal), à epistemologia crítica da cibercultura (Eugênio Trivinho) e ao biopoder e à sociedade de controle (Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Giorgio Agamben, Antônio Negri e Michael Hardt). Espera-se, assim, contribuir para os estudos críticos sobre ações e práticas de marketing que se projetam socialmente mediante apropriação de tecnologias de comunicação em ambientes de visibilidade mediática