Background Pes planus is one of the most common diagnoses in the pediatric field; flexible flat foot being the most prevalent. This developmental type of flatfoot is a normal finding in young children, seen to resolve spontaneously with growth and development and also remain asymptomatic. Despite this, there is still a large incidence of flat feet in adolescence and many cases of adult flatfeet are frequently presented as residual pediatric flatfeet. The factors that influence the prevalence of flatfeet during a child's development have also the capacity to altering its course and gaining insight on what they are and their influence aids in diagnosing, treating and preventing flat feet. Purpose The aim of this literature review was to enhance knowledge on the persistence of the flat feet condition in the pediatric population by determining the development of flat feet in children with an outline of its affect on posture and gait and identifying contributing factors that affect the incidence and progression of the deformity. Methodology An electronic database search was conducted to obtain articles from relevant journals (from early 2012 to mid 2013). Only full text English articles were obtained, with a few exceptions. Further information was collected from online textbooks and the reference lists of the...

Tyrimo objektas: Normalios ir plokščios pėdos raumenų elektrinis aktyvumas. Tyrimo tikslas: Nustatyti ir palyginti pėdos raumenų elektrinį aktyvumą esant normaliai ir plokščiai pėdai. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti atitraukiamojo kojos nykščio, priekinio blauzdos ir ilgojo šeivinio raumenų elektrinį aktyvumą stovint ant dviejų ir ant vienos kojos atpalaiduotoje ir neutralioje pašokikaulinio sąnario padėtyje esant normaliai pėdai. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti atitraukiamojo kojos nykščio, priekinio blauzdos ir ilgojo šeivinio raumenų elektrinį aktyvumą stovint ant dviejų ir ant vienos kojos atpalaiduotoje ir neutralioje pašokikaulinio sąnario padėtyje esant plokščiai pėdai. 3. Palyginti atitraukiamojo kojos nykščio, priekinio blauzdos ir ilgojo šeivinio raumenų elektrinį aktyvumą stovint ant dviejų ir vienos kojos atpalaiduotoje ir neutralioje pašokikaulinio sąnario padėtyje tarp normalios ir plokščios pėdos. Tyrimo problema: Pėdos raumenys yra svarbūs išlaikant vidinį išilginį pėdos skliautą. Tačiau nėra žinoma ar skiriasi pėdos skliautą išlaikančių raumenų aktyvumas esant normaliai ir plokščiai pėdai. Išvados: 1. Esant normaliai pėdai atitraukiamasis kojos nykščio raumuo aktyviausias stovint ant vienos kojos neutralioje pašokikaulinio sąnario padėtyje (p<0,05), ilgasis šeivinis raumuo – stovint ant vienos kojos atpalaidavus (p<0,05). Statistiškai reikšmingo priekinio blauzdos raumens elektrinio aktyvumo pokyčių nenustatyta. 2. Esant plokščiai pėdai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the research: electromyographic activity of the normal and flat foot muscles. The aim of the research: To evaluate and compare electromyographic activity of foot muscles in subjects with normal and flat foot. The tasks of the research: 1. To evaluate and compare electromyographic activity of abductor hallucis, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus musles standing on two or one leg in relaxed and subtalar neutral position in subjects with normal foot. 2. To evaluate and compare electromyographic activity of abductor hallucis, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles standing on two or one leg in relaxed and subtalar neutral position in subjects with flat foot. 3. To compare electromyographic activity of abductor hallucis, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles standing on two or one leg in relaxed and subtalar neutral position between subjects with normal and flat foot. Problem of the research: Intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles are important supporting medial longitudinal arch. However, there is no research about foot muscle activity in subjects with different foot types. Conclusions: 1. In subjects with normal foot the greatest electromyographic activity of abductor hallucis was standing on one leg in neutral subtalar joint position (p<0,05), the greatest activity of peroneus longus – standing on one leg in relaxed subtalar joint position (p<0,05). There were no significant differences in electromyographic activity of tibialis anetrior. 2. In... [to full text]