書名中的[hu], 字形為: '點'在上, '尸'在下. / Shu ming zhong de [hu], zi xing wei: 'dian' zai shang, 'shi' zai xia. / Meng, Qiang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-99). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- User Interaction in Medical Applications --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- UI Technologies and Challenges for Medical Systems --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Main Contributions of the Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Organization --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Interactive Vascular Designing and Modeling --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction and Related Works --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Vascular Designing and Modeling System Overview --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Data Structure for Vascular Tree --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- VesselEdit 一 A Freehand Vessel Skeleton Generator --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- 2D scribble to create 3D vessel tree --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- 3D Skeleton Editing --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5 --- Feature Point Selection and Spline Segment Construction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Feature Point Update --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Feature Point Selection --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Spline Segment Construction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.6 --- Vascular Tree Visualization --- p.22 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Curve Frame --- p.22 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Bifurcation Frame --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Frame Junction and Blending --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Transparency Enhancement --- p.27 / Chapter 2.7 --- Modeling Case Study and Results --- p.28 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Normal cases --- p.28 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Pathological Cases for Vascular Interventional Simulation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Timing Experiments --- p.30 / Chapter 3 --- Vascular Intervention Simulator System --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction to Vascular Intervention Simulator --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Overview of the endovascSim System --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Guidewire Sensing Hardware Interface Design --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Catheter & Guidewire Motion Sensing Requirements --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Motion Sensing with Trackball Mouse --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Multi-Mouse Device for Catheter & Guidewire Motion Sens- ing --- p.39 / Chapter 4 --- User Interaction for Visible Human Slice Navigation --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction and Related Works --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- VH Slice Navigation System Overview --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3 --- VH Data Compression --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- VH Data Down Sampling --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Bounding Box Compression --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- DXT Compression --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Compressed Visible Human Data Format --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Slice Pixels Calculation --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Pixels Color Computation --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- CPU-GPU Cooperative Computation Framework --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- CPU-GPU Computation Balancing Method --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- User Interaction Design --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Slice navigation and haptic rendering --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Software UI layout and slice bookmarking --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6 --- System Implementation and Experimental Result --- p.68 / Chapter 5 --- Volume Data Exploration with Tangible Handheld Device --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction and Related Works --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Introduction to Our Exploration System --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Ralated Works --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2 --- System Overview --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Hardware --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Server Program --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Client Program --- p.78 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Volumetric Data, Exploration and Annotation" --- p.78 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Volume Data Manipulation --- p.79 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- "Volume Data, Slicing" --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- "Volume Data, Visual Annotation" --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Volume Data Measurement --- p.84 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Directions --- p.86 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.86 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future Works --- p.88 / Publication List --- p.90 / Bibliography --- p.92

The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a hospital ward specializing in looking after premature and ill newborn babies. Working in such a busy and complex environment is not easy and sophisticated equipment is used to help the daily work of the medical staff . Computers are used to analyse the large amount of monitored data and extract hidden information, e.g. to detect interesting events. Unfortunately, one group of important events lacks features that are recognizable by computers. This group includes the actions taken by the medical sta , for example two actions related to the respiratory system: inserting an endotracheal tube into a baby’s trachea (ET Intubating) or sucking out the tube (ET Suctioning). These events are very important building blocks for other computer applications aimed at helping the sta . In this research, a strategy for detecting these medical actions based on contextual knowledge is proposed. This contextual knowledge specifies what other events normally occur with each target event and how they are temporally related to each other. The idea behind this strategy is that all medical actions are taken for di erent purposes hence may have di erent procedures (contextual knowledge) for performing them. This contextual knowledge is modelled using a point based framework with special attention given to various types of uncertainty. Event detection consists in searching for consistent matching between a model based on the contextual knowledge and the observed event instances - a Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problem (TCSP). The strategy is evaluated by detecting ET Intubating and ET Suctioning events, using a specially collected NICU monitoring dataset. The results of this evaluation are encouraging and show that the strategy is capable of detecting complex events in an NICU.

Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação e expectativas dos pacientes e médicos antes e depois da implantação de um registro médico eletrônico (RME) de pacientes no ambulatório de clínica médica de um hospital universitário. Métodos: Foram realizadas 389 entrevistas com pacientes e 151 com médicos antes e depois da implantação de um RME comercial no ambulatório de Clínica Médica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Os médicos foram categorizados por seus anos de graduação (10 anos ou menos e mais de 10 anos). As respostas ao questionário dadas pelos médicos foram classificadas como favorável ou contra o uso de RME, antes e depois da implantação do sistema, recebendo 1 ou 0 pontos, respectivamente. A soma destes pontos gerou uma pontuação analisada por regressão múltipla para determinar quais os fatores que contribuem para a aceitação de RME pelos médicos. Para se avaliar o comportamento de pacientes e médicos em um período em que a implantação já havia entrado na rotina, realizou-se uma terceira etapa de entrevistas com pacientes e médicos. Resultados: O grau de satisfação do paciente era o mesmo antes e depois da implantação (p > 0,05). O tempo de espera para ser atendido foi maior após a implantação de RME (p < 0,0001), embora a percepção dos pacientes tenha apontado para uma direção diferente (p=0,0186). Médicos formados há menos de 10 anos já tinham usado os registros eletrônicos em outros hospitais e clínicas (p=0,0141). Estes médicos tinham expectativas mais positivas antes da implantação (p=0,0018). Este otimismo foi reduzido após a implantação, devido ao mau funcionamento do sistema durante a fase inicial (p=0,0229). A utilização do RME foi maior pelos médicos mais jovens (p < 0,0001). Na terceira avaliação os pacientes mostraram-se muito satisfeitos com o atendimento (porcentagem de mais de 90%). Percebiam a utilização do computador durante a consulta e valorizavam essa utilização. Os médicos com 10 anos ou menos de graduação, percebiam e valorizavam mais as facilidades do registro eletrônico e o utilizavam mais. Em 11 de 18 questões específicas sobre o desempenho de tarefas clínicas os médicos mais jovens julgaram mais fácil utilizar o RME, do que os médicos mais antigos p < 0,05. Questionados especificamente sobre a satisfação com o RME, os médicos mais jovens responderam \"boa\" e \"excelente\" em maior proporção do que os com mais de 10 anos de formados (p=0,0011) / Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction and expectations of patients and physicians before and after the implementation of an electronic medical record (EMR) in internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Methods: We conducted 389 interviews with patients and 151 with doctors before and after the implementation of a commercial RME in internal medicine outpatient clinic of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Doctors were categorized by their graduate years (10 years or less and more than 10 years). The answers to the questionnaire given by doctors were classified as favorable or against the use of EMR, before and after the implementation of the system, receiving 1 or 0 points, respectively. The sum of the points generated scores analyzed by multiple regression to determine the factors that contribute to the acceptance of EMR by doctors. To evaluate the behavior of patients and doctors in a period when the implementation had already entered the routine, a third stage of interviews with patients and doctors was carried out. Results: The degree of patient satisfaction was the same before and after implantation (p > 0.05). The waiting time to be attended was increased after the implementation of EMR (p < 0.0001), although the perception of patients has pointed to a different direction (p=0.0186). Doctors graduated less than 10 years had already used the electronic records in other hospitals and clinics (p=0.0141). These doctors had more positive expectations before implantation (p=0.0018). This optimism was reduced after implantation, due to system malfunction during the initial phase (p=0.0229). Utilization of EMR was higher by younger physicians (p < 0.0001). The third evaluation showed the patients were very satisfied with the service (over 90%). They noticed the use of the computer during the consultation and valued such use. Doctors with 10 or less graduation years, perceived and valued more the facilities of electronic medical records and used more. In 11 of 18 specific questions about the performance of clinical tasks younger doctors deemed it easier to use the electronic medical record, than older physicians (p < 0.05). When asked specifically about satisfaction with EMR, younger physicians responded \"good\" and \"excellent\" in greater proportion than the old physicians (p=0.0011)

Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação e expectativas dos pacientes e médicos antes e depois da implantação de um registro médico eletrônico (RME) de pacientes no ambulatório de clínica médica de um hospital universitário. Métodos: Foram realizadas 389 entrevistas com pacientes e 151 com médicos antes e depois da implantação de um RME comercial no ambulatório de Clínica Médica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Os médicos foram categorizados por seus anos de graduação (10 anos ou menos e mais de 10 anos). As respostas ao questionário dadas pelos médicos foram classificadas como favorável ou contra o uso de RME, antes e depois da implantação do sistema, recebendo 1 ou 0 pontos, respectivamente. A soma destes pontos gerou uma pontuação analisada por regressão múltipla para determinar quais os fatores que contribuem para a aceitação de RME pelos médicos. Para se avaliar o comportamento de pacientes e médicos em um período em que a implantação já havia entrado na rotina, realizou-se uma terceira etapa de entrevistas com pacientes e médicos. Resultados: O grau de satisfação do paciente era o mesmo antes e depois da implantação (p > 0,05). O tempo de espera para ser atendido foi maior após a implantação de RME (p < 0,0001), embora a percepção dos pacientes tenha apontado para uma direção diferente (p=0,0186). Médicos formados há menos de 10 anos já tinham usado os registros eletrônicos em outros hospitais e clínicas (p=0,0141). Estes médicos tinham expectativas mais positivas antes da implantação (p=0,0018). Este otimismo foi reduzido após a implantação, devido ao mau funcionamento do sistema durante a fase inicial (p=0,0229). A utilização do RME foi maior pelos médicos mais jovens (p < 0,0001). Na terceira avaliação os pacientes mostraram-se muito satisfeitos com o atendimento (porcentagem de mais de 90%). Percebiam a utilização do computador durante a consulta e valorizavam essa utilização. Os médicos com 10 anos ou menos de graduação, percebiam e valorizavam mais as facilidades do registro eletrônico e o utilizavam mais. Em 11 de 18 questões específicas sobre o desempenho de tarefas clínicas os médicos mais jovens julgaram mais fácil utilizar o RME, do que os médicos mais antigos p < 0,05. Questionados especificamente sobre a satisfação com o RME, os médicos mais jovens responderam \"boa\" e \"excelente\" em maior proporção do que os com mais de 10 anos de formados (p=0,0011) / Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction and expectations of patients and physicians before and after the implementation of an electronic medical record (EMR) in internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Methods: We conducted 389 interviews with patients and 151 with doctors before and after the implementation of a commercial RME in internal medicine outpatient clinic of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Doctors were categorized by their graduate years (10 years or less and more than 10 years). The answers to the questionnaire given by doctors were classified as favorable or against the use of EMR, before and after the implementation of the system, receiving 1 or 0 points, respectively. The sum of the points generated scores analyzed by multiple regression to determine the factors that contribute to the acceptance of EMR by doctors. To evaluate the behavior of patients and doctors in a period when the implementation had already entered the routine, a third stage of interviews with patients and doctors was carried out. Results: The degree of patient satisfaction was the same before and after implantation (p > 0.05). The waiting time to be attended was increased after the implementation of EMR (p < 0.0001), although the perception of patients has pointed to a different direction (p=0.0186). Doctors graduated less than 10 years had already used the electronic records in other hospitals and clinics (p=0.0141). These doctors had more positive expectations before implantation (p=0.0018). This optimism was reduced after implantation, due to system malfunction during the initial phase (p=0.0229). Utilization of EMR was higher by younger physicians (p < 0.0001). The third evaluation showed the patients were very satisfied with the service (over 90%). They noticed the use of the computer during the consultation and valued such use. Doctors with 10 or less graduation years, perceived and valued more the facilities of electronic medical records and used more. In 11 of 18 specific questions about the performance of clinical tasks younger doctors deemed it easier to use the electronic medical record, than older physicians (p < 0.05). When asked specifically about satisfaction with EMR, younger physicians responded \"good\" and \"excellent\" in greater proportion than the old physicians (p=0.0011)