Magister Legum - LLM / In recent years the issue of medical parole has become a controversial issue in South Africa. Prior to 2012, at which juncture the law governing the release of inmates on grounds of terminal illness was amended, there were cases where the public deemed the law inadequate and susceptible to political interference.1 There can therefore be little doubt that an amendment to the law was opportune to ensure that the release of inmates was based on legitimate medical reasons.

In this work on the topic of "The use of nordic walking in children with hearing disability in age 8-15 years" in the first theoretical part I focus on nordic walking, his history, the correct technik influence on the functional systems of the human body. In addition, in this diplom work I focus on hearing loss, his significance and anatomy. A special chapter devoted to hearing disability as such, his etiology, classification and types of hearing loss. Emphasis on the development of children with hearing disability. In the practical part is devoted to the influence of nordic walking fitness program created for children with hearing disabilitou aged 8-15 years. . From the measured values of the health status and value orientation of the tests, I find this an adequate physical activity at the childern´s home in České Budějovice. The results indicate that the intervention motion program had a positive impact on children; benefits are demonstrable in particular improvements of menthal and physical health.

The aim of this work is primarily to provide a clear and systematic description of various social security benefits granted on the basis of medical conditions assessed by an examining physician for the medical review service in terms of substantive and procedural law. The introductory chapters deal with the legal basis for social security and medical reviews at international and national levels, as well as the historical development of health assessments, which has an impact on the shape of existing legislation. The division of the entire social security system into its three basic subsystems is described in a chapter laced with discussions about individual benefits, which this thesis takes up. They include care allowance, mobility allowance, special aid allowance, and disability pensions. Also analyzed here is the entitlement to the certificate of disability, which is also provided on the basis of an evaluation of the applicant's medical condition by the examining doctor. The second part puts primary emphasis on the medical review service and the person of the examining physician. As one of the main subjects acting under the process for granting entitlement to these benefits, they must meet considerable demands. It particularly involves their education, their helpful approach to the client, and adherence...

Objective: The nature of disaster research makes it difficult to adequately measure the impact that significant events have on a population. Large, representative samples are required, ideally with comparable data collected before the event. When Christchurch, New Zealand, was struck by multiple, devastating earthquakes, there presented an opportunity to investigate the effects of dose-related quakes (none, one, two or three over a 9-month period) on the cognition of Canterbury’s elderly population through the New Zealand Brain Research Institute’s (NZBRI’s) cognitive screening study. The related effects of having a concomitant medical condition, sex, age and estimated- full scale IQ (Est-FSIQ) on cognition were also investigated. Method: 609 participants were tested on various neuropsychological tests and a self-rated dementia scale in a one hour interview at the NZBRI. Four groups were established, based on the number of major earthquakes experienced at the time of testing: “EQ-dose: None” (N = 51) had experienced no quakes; “EQ-dose: One” (N = 193) had experienced the initial quake in September 2010; “EQ-dose: Two” (N = 82) also experienced the most devastating February 2011 quake; and “EQ-dose: Three” (N = 265) also the June 2011 quake at testing. Results: Two neuropsychological variables of Trail A and the AD8 were impacted by an EQ-dose effect, while having a medical condition was associated with poorer function on the MoCA, Rey Copy and Recall, Trail A, and AD8. Having a major medical condition led to worse performance on the Rey Copy and Recall following the major February earthquake. Males performed significantly better on Trail A and Rey Planning, while females better on the MoCA. Older participants (>73) had significantly lower scores on the MoCA than younger participants (<74), while those with a higher Est-FSIQ (>111) had better scores on the MoCA and Rey Recall than participants with a lower Est-FSIQ. Finally, predicted variable analysis (based on calculated, sample-specific Z-scores) failed to find a significant earthquake effect when variables of age, sex and Est-FSIQ were controlled for, while there was a significant effect of medical condition on each measure. Conclusion: The current thesis provides evidence suggesting resilience amongst Canterbury’s elderly population in the face of the sequence of significant quakes that struck the region over a year from September 2010. By contrast, having a major medical condition was a ‘more significant life event’ in terms of impact on cognition in this group.

Il est rarement possible de connaitre avec précision la mortalité à long terme associée à une condition médicale. Cependant, l’estimation de cette mortalité est primordiale dans certains domaines tels l’assurance-vie et l’expertise médicale. La méthode du Relative Risk (RR) constant, qui est la plus utilisée, comporte plusieurs failles, permettant seulement de faire des estimations grossières et conservatrices de cette mortalité. Nous avons donc comparé deux autres méthodes d’estimation de la mortalité, soit Excess Death Rate (EDR) constant et Proportional Life Expectancy (PLE). Nous avons analysé la mortalité à long terme de plusieurs maladies chroniques, entre autres le cancer et les maladies cardiovasculaires, et avons comparé ces résultats avec ceux que nous donnaient les différentes méthodes d’estimation. Nous avons ainsi pu déterminer la meilleure méthode. Nos résultats indiquent que les méthodes EDR constant et PLE sont supérieures au RR constant dans l’estimation de la mortalité. Aussi, plus l’estimation de la survie se fait à long terme, plus l’EDR constant et la PLE donnent de meilleurs résultats. Finalement, l’âge ou le type de conditions médicales analysées ne semblent pas avoir un impact déterminant lorsque l’on choisit d’utiliser l’une des trois méthodes. Les méthodes de l’EDR constant et la PLE devraient être préconisées dans l’analyse de la mortalité lors de la sélection des risques en médecine d’assurance ou lors d’évaluation de l’espérance de vie pour une expertise médicale. / Long term mortality associated to medical conditions is rarely known with accuracy. Despite this, mortality assessment is essential in certain field of activity, such as life insurance and medical expertise. Constant Relative Risk (RR) methodology is the most used method although often leading to superficial and conservative estimations. We then decided to compare two mortality estimation methods, the constant Excess Death Rate (EDR) and the Proportional Life Expectancy (PLE). We analyzed long term mortality of several chronic medical conditions, such as cancers and coronary artery diseases, and we compared those results with those from the three distinct estimation methods. Thus, we were able to determine which methodology is the most accurate. Our results show that constant EDR and PLE are superior to constant RR to better estimate the mortality. The longer the follow-up is, the better those methods are. Finally, factors like age and the kind of the medical condition seem not to have an important impact when it comes to identify the most suitable method. Constant EDR and PLE should be recommended for mortality assessment in medical insurance underwriting and for life expectancy evaluation in medical expertise.