Este trabalho apresenta as metodologias que foram empregadas no desenvolvimento de um equipamento de retinografia digital. O sistema proposto foi inteiramente desenvolvido, e manufaturado no Brasil, tornando-se o primeiro retinógrafo digital com tecnologia nacional. O equipamento descrito nesta dissertação é capaz de realizar tanto retinografias, que são imagens capturadas para observação do fundo de olho, quanto angiografias, que são exames nos quais, por meio da administração de contrastes, é possível destacar estruturas específicas da retina. Estes procedimentos permitem o diagnóstico de diversas patologias relacionadas não só à retina, mas também a diversas outras estruturas do olho humano, como por exemplo, a coróide. Esta dissertação demonstra alguns dos desafios e métodos empregados no desenvolvimento do equipamento proposto, além de uma visão geral de cada um dos sistemas que o compõem. São descritos os sistemas mecânico, óptico, eletrônico e de software, sendo cada um deles detalhados quanto às principais funções que desempenham no equipamento. Também são descritas as ferramentas de desenvolvimento utilizadas durante as etapas de análise e projeto. Ainda, são apresentados os testes de desempenho do equipamento, bem como um comparativo entre o sistema proposto e alguns dos equipamentos que atualmente são considerados referência entre médicos e operadores. / This work presents the methodology applied to the development of a digital fundus camera. The proposed system was entirely developed and manufactured in Brazil, becoming the first digital fundus camera with national technology. The described equipment can perform fundus images, which are images captured from eye fundus observation, and also angiograms, which are exams performed through the admission of dyes, where particular retinal structures are enhanced. Those procedures allow the diagnosis of several pathologies not only related to the eye fundus, but also many different structures of the human eye, like the choroid. This dissertation shows some of the challenges and methods that were applied to the development of the proposed system, in addition to an overview of each of the systems that composes the equipment. The mechanical, optical, electronic and software systems are described, being each one of them detailed regarding its main features performed in the equipment. Development tools used during the design are also described. Still, the functional and performance tests and results are described, and also a comparative evaluation between the proposed system and some of the equipments currently defined as reference among physicians and users.

Este trabalho apresenta as metodologias que foram empregadas no desenvolvimento de um equipamento de retinografia digital. O sistema proposto foi inteiramente desenvolvido, e manufaturado no Brasil, tornando-se o primeiro retinógrafo digital com tecnologia nacional. O equipamento descrito nesta dissertação é capaz de realizar tanto retinografias, que são imagens capturadas para observação do fundo de olho, quanto angiografias, que são exames nos quais, por meio da administração de contrastes, é possível destacar estruturas específicas da retina. Estes procedimentos permitem o diagnóstico de diversas patologias relacionadas não só à retina, mas também a diversas outras estruturas do olho humano, como por exemplo, a coróide. Esta dissertação demonstra alguns dos desafios e métodos empregados no desenvolvimento do equipamento proposto, além de uma visão geral de cada um dos sistemas que o compõem. São descritos os sistemas mecânico, óptico, eletrônico e de software, sendo cada um deles detalhados quanto às principais funções que desempenham no equipamento. Também são descritas as ferramentas de desenvolvimento utilizadas durante as etapas de análise e projeto. Ainda, são apresentados os testes de desempenho do equipamento, bem como um comparativo entre o sistema proposto e alguns dos equipamentos que atualmente são considerados referência entre médicos e operadores. / This work presents the methodology applied to the development of a digital fundus camera. The proposed system was entirely developed and manufactured in Brazil, becoming the first digital fundus camera with national technology. The described equipment can perform fundus images, which are images captured from eye fundus observation, and also angiograms, which are exams performed through the admission of dyes, where particular retinal structures are enhanced. Those procedures allow the diagnosis of several pathologies not only related to the eye fundus, but also many different structures of the human eye, like the choroid. This dissertation shows some of the challenges and methods that were applied to the development of the proposed system, in addition to an overview of each of the systems that composes the equipment. The mechanical, optical, electronic and software systems are described, being each one of them detailed regarding its main features performed in the equipment. Development tools used during the design are also described. Still, the functional and performance tests and results are described, and also a comparative evaluation between the proposed system and some of the equipments currently defined as reference among physicians and users.

The development and the utility of high-tech medical equipments are increasing relative to the health expenditure growth. These high-tech equipments do not necessary benefit the quality of patient care but increase the service utilization for hospitals. This study aims to describe the difference of equipments distribution between academic medical centers and metropolitan hospitals and to examine the association between the change of the kinds, number, and utility of high-tech medical equipments and the health service utilization. Two databases were used in this study. First, a secondary data from the annual hospital survey published in 2003 and 2004 by Taiwan Hospital Association was used. The data contained information on 8 health service volumes, kinds, number and utility of 17 kinds of high-tech medical equipments, 4 hospital characteristics, and 3 kinds of staff ratio. Second, Statistical Yearbook of Department of Social Affairs, Ministry of Interior provided data on Tthe percentage of 65+ years old population in every location. The 8 kinds of health service volumes varience were designed as dependent variables and the 3 independent variables were separately change of kinds, number and utility of high-tech medical equipments. There were 59 samples, 8 academic medical centers and 51 metropolitan hospitals, included. The t-test showed differences between academic medical centers and metropolitan hospitals in change of kinds, number, utility of high-tech medical equipments and health service volumes varience. Person correlation presented how these variables correlated to each other. Regression analyses predicted the health service utilization from those variables. Generally speaking, the academic medical centers only had significant higher varience of average daily emergency roomvisits¡]t = 3.59, p = 0.01¡^than metropolitan hospitals did but there was no significant difference in 3 independent variables. Besides, correlation among medical equipments, health service utilization and themselves shows that the change of total high-tech medical equipment kinds was significant positive correlated with the change of total number of high-tech medical equipments¡]r = 0.44¡^; the change of total number of high-tech medical equipment was significant positive correlated with average daily emergency roomvisits varience¡]r = 0.28¡^and average daily physical examination of outpatient department visits variance¡]r = 0.30¡^; the average utility of high-tech medical equipment was significant positive correlated with average daily outpatient department visits varience¡]r = 0.27¡^. However, the 3 independent variables have no overall significant effect on change of health service utilization. Based on the above findings, although literature indicated that the kinds and number of high-tech medical equipments somehow might stimulate the demand for health service, we did not find the same results. It could be concluded that hospitals¡¦ purchasing of equipment do not impose a significant impact on raising the medical service utilization. Thus, acquisition of high-tech medical equipment might make a hospital a technological leader or give the public a more professional image whether it can help a hospital raise the service quantity is still left to its management.