No description available.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) initially emerged in the 1980s and ever since, a battle has been underway with regard to understanding some of the root issues attributed to behavior and HIV/AIDS. AIDS is prevalent in the men sleeping with men (MSM) community. There is lack of studies evaluating the quality and quantity of communication between MSM and medical professionals, which can be a catalyst to help reduce HIV/AIDS within this community. The aim of this quantitative study was to evaluate the relationship between quantity and quality of medical professionals' communication and regular HIV screening and testing, as well as modifying high-risk behaviors attributing to HIV/AIDS MSM behaviors, controlled for race/ethnicity, educational level, and income. Universal precautions theory and health belief model were the theoretical framework of this study. A total of 126 MSM were evaluated via survey research. Chi-square analysis revealed that MSM who have ever visited a medical professional about HIV/AIDS were tested in significantly higher frequency compared with those that did not visit medical professional for this reason (51.5% vs. 18.5%, respectively, p < .001). Also, significantly more participants changed their sexual behavior during the last 5 years and considered that the approach of the medical professional contributed in this change, compared with those who changed their sexual behavior but did not consider this approach helpful (73.7% vs. 26.7%, p < .001). This research can provide positive social change to the MSM community as well as medical professionals, by encouraging MSM to seek more information pertaining to safe sexual health practices, prevention, and awareness.

AIM This research attempts to understand the life of the medical professionals who play a pivotal role in the Swedish healthcare system. The main aim is to assess their burnout rates and workplace environment for understanding its direct or indirect effect on their performance and society. This research also includes suggestions and ideas for improvement and solutions to certain recurring problems that were highlighted by the professionals themselves during the research questionnaire. METHOD Questionnaire responses and the qualitative method of analysis are used for this study. Proper ethics for conducting a research questionnaire were followed. The demographic questionnaires took place with the help of google forms online, where doctors and medical professionals from different parts of Sweden who were willing to volunteer participated with full consent and were given the option to only answer questions that they were most comfortable with answering.RESULTSPromising results were established after the questionnaire, where the volunteering doctors were more than willing to express their working conditions, positive outcomes, and drawbacks. The final results can be divided into the following themes: work schedule, staff shortage, transport, session limitations, personal life, stress, self-accomplishment, job satisfaction, patient-care and areas of improvement. CONCLUSION This research’s findings show that there is a correlation between burnout rates and the performance of healthcare professionals, which in turn has a minor and indirect effect on society

The “brain drain” phenomenon encompasses the mass movement of highly educated individuals. Highly-skilled and well-educated migrants are moving to more developed and urban settings, often in search of a higher standard of living and better wages. Since joining the European Union and the Schengen Agreement, Poland and Romania have experienced significant emigration which has subsequently affected their health care systems. Motivations for emigrating from these two countries and the effects emigration has had on patients and other doctors will be considered. The paper also seeks to compare policy responses to the mass medical emigration phenomenon in both countries, as well as the outcomes of such policies. The main methodology of study throughout this project entails a comparative assessment of the governmental policy responses to brain drain. An analysis of Poland’s and Romania’s health care systems will be performed initially. The analysis includes details on the causes and factors that bring about migration, the impact that emigration has had on patients, how doctors remaining in the sending country are affected, and what social upheavals and unrest result from such emigration. Following, the levels and flows of migration are considered for each country, looking at the type of people leaving, whether educated or not, and the range of professions, with a focus on health professionals that are migrating from both countries. After an analysis has been performed for both countries, the results will be compared to one another, paying special attention to any differences and potential reasons for these differences.

No description available.

The current study examined the nature and extent of endorsement of PMIEs, the nature and severity of MI symptoms related to endorsement of a PMIE, and the relations between extent of endorsement of PMIEs and MI symptoms. We hypothesized that (1) PMIEs perpetrated by others would be endorsed to a greater extent than PMIEs perpetrated by oneself; (2) medical professionals who endorsed a PMIE would report significantly greater severity on all MI symptoms compared to medical professionals who did not endorse a PMIE; (3) experiencing PMIEs (perpetrated by oneself and/or others) to a greater extent would predict higher levels of MI symptom severity, and MI symptom severity would specifically be most strongly predicted by PMIEs perpetrated by oneself. Hypotheses were examined using t-tests, Pearson's r correlations, and multiple multivariate regression analyses. First, the current study found that PMIEs perpetrated by others were endorsed to a greater extent than those perpetrated by themselves; second, greater exposure to PMIEs was associated with significantly greater severity of 10 of the 14 outcomes. Third, PMIEs perpetrated by oneself predicted more MI symptomatology than PMIEs perpetrated by others, indicating that while PMIEs perpetrated by others are more common, PMIEs perpetrated by oneself are more strongly associated with MI outcomes. This study highlights the widespread and harmful impact of PMIEs among medical professionals.

Background: Demographic changes increase the financing needs of all social services. This change also generates new and complex demands on the medical staff. Accordingly, medical professionals in middle management positions hold a characteristic sandwich position between top management and the operational core. This sandwich position often constitutes new challenges. In the industrial field, the growing importance of the middle management for the company’s success has already been recognized. Accordingly, the growing demand on economy urges an analysis for the medical field. Discussion: While there are nearly no differences in the nature of the tasks of medical middle manager in the areas of strategy, role function, performance pressure and qualifications compared to those tasks of the industrial sector, there are basic differences as well. Especially the character of “independence” of the medical profession and its ethical values justifies these differences. Consequently, qualification of medical professionals may not be solely based on medical academic career. It is also based on the personal ability or potential to lead and to manage. Summary: Above all, the character of “independence” of the medical profession and its ethical values justifies medical action that is based on the patient’s well-being and not exclusively on economic outcomes. In the future, medical middle managers are supposed to achieve an optimized balance between a patient-centered medicine and economic measures. It will be a basic requirement that middle managers accept their position and the resultant tasks putting themselves in a more active position. Because of that, middle managers can become “value-added bridge-builders”.

Management of Public Health Estimation of health care services quality in department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy of Kaunas University Hospital Vaida Rupšytė-Jucienė Supervisor J. Braždžionytė, Prof., Dr. Faculty of Public Health, Kaunas University of Medicine, Department of Social medicine, Kaunas 2005. P67. Key words: quality of health care services, patients, medical professionals, satisfaction. Object of work: to estimate the health care services quality in department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy of Kaunas University Hospital. Task: to examine the opinion of patients about health care services quality in department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy of Kaunas University Hospital; to examine the opinion of staff (doctors and nurses) about the health care services quality; to compare the opinions of patients and staff:; to establish the problems of the health care services; to prepare the offer how to solve these problems and improve the quality of health care services in department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy. Methods: The comparable analysis of health care services was made among patients and staff in department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy. All doctors and nurses, working in March of 2005, and patients, treated in the hospital within December of 2004 – January of 2005, were invited to participate in survey. In anonymous questionnaire participated 358 patients (the response rate 89 %), 10 doctors (response rate -77%) and nurses (response rate – 89%)... [to full text]

This graduation thesis is concerned with the question of change in the area of medical education in the Czech Republic. The main emphasis is on analyzing the system of lifelong study for general nurses, in both its current form and the one that is in preparation now. This research presents a summary of the findings on the educational system for nurses. The current methods were set by the Act 96/2004 Coll. law and subsequent changes and amendments thereof. A new law on non-medical professions has been prepared. Both of these documents are essential for the practical as well as theoretical part of the analysis. In the practical part empirical research was carried out in which the author sounds out the views of selected groups of respondents belonging to non-medical professions on the current and future form of the medical education for non-medical professionals.

The distinction between technical and contextual performance is widely recognized in the Industrial/Organization Psychology literature (Sackett & Lievens, 2008). Less well-understood are the causal antecedents of performance in these domains and how those antecedents relate to each other. Motowidlo, Borman, and Schmit (1997) proposed that technical performance is determined largely by cognitive ability, which acts through the mediator technical knowledge to influence technical performance. They also proposed that contextual performance is mainly determined by personality traits and that these traits influence contextual performance via the mediating variable contextual knowledge. Although prior research has examined some of the causal antecedents proposed by Motowidlo et al. (1997), no study has examined these four variables simultaneously, in addition to gathering information about performance criteria in the two domains. This study examined these six variables in a sample of medical students. In keeping with the verbiage used in the medical literature, students' contextual knowledge is referred to as professional knowledge and their contextual performance is referred to as professional performance. Medical students (N = 209) beginning their third year at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston completed measures of professional knowledge and the Big Five personality traits and consented to have their MCAT scores (a proxy for cognitive ability) and their first- and second-year course grades (grade point average; a measure of their technical knowledge) gathered for this investigation. Performance criteria consisted of attending physicians' ratings of students' professional and technical performance during their clinical rotations. Rotations were grouped according to whether they fell into the domain of Primary Care or the Specialties. Notable findings are summarized by a path analytic model. Agreeableness exerted a causal influence on professional knowledge (β = .38) and Primary Care professional performance (β = .14). Extraversion causally affected professional knowledge (β = -.22). Professional knowledge accounted for variance in Primary Care professional (β = .19) and technical performance (β = .22). Openness to experience and conscientiousness influenced technical knowledge (β's -.19 and .25). Cognitive ability was directly related to technical knowledge (β = .43) and Specialties professional (β = -.21) and technical performance (β = -.19). Technical knowledge was related to Primary Care professional (β = .32) and technical performance (β = .42) and also Specialties professional (β = .46) and technical performance (β = .57). Results generally suggest that separate causal paths underlie performance in Primary Care and the Specialties, respectively.