The purpose of the study was to determine whether it was possible to predict the socio-demographic characteristics of physicians who adopt a new paradigm in medicine, wellness. A major objective of the research was to test the "marginal man" hypothesis. The literature suggested that there are at least three types of innovations: technological, organizational, and paradigmatic. Literature on the diffusion of innovations in medicine showed that high status physicians adopt technical innovations; more marginal, particularly young physicians and those of a liberal political orientation, most often adopt organizational innovations. Few studies dealing with paradigmatic innovations were found. Historical evidence supports the notion that family practitioners might be more accepting of the new paradigm. Physicians in Tucson, Arizona were surveyed concerning their attitudes and practices in the areas of health education and wellness, examples of the new paradigm in medicine. They were also asked about hospital-based health education services and competition between physicians and hospitals, examples of organizational innovation. The analyses revealed that family practitioners, women and government physicians were most supportive of wellness, affirming the research hypothesis and the "marginal man" hypothesis. The analysis also suggested that younger and more liberal physicians were more favorably disposed toward hospital involvement in health education. Liberal physicians were also not concerned about competition in health education service. These findings are similar to those found by other researchers of organizational innovations in medical care. Several methodological problems were noted, which render the findings suggestive rather than conclusive. The findings do suggest, however, that physician resistance to wellness will continue because of a medical paradigm conflict.

CHDS State/Local / Twenty-first-century law enforcement organizations face a new and significant challenge- homeland security. On September 11, 2001, local law enforcement agencies throughout the United States were thrust into the "war on terrorism." The current law enforcement business-as-usual attitude and incremental programmatic responses do not ensure a long-term success. Any act of terrorism will initially be a local issue that requires immediate response by various local agencies, such as medical, fire, and police-the communities "first responders." Thus local law enforcement organizations must recognize and embrace the critical and essential role they play in homeland security and the war on terrorism. In today's security environment, community policing is one of the most successful strategies employed by law enforcement organizations. Community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that include aspects of traditional law enforcement, preventive measures, problem solving, community engagement, and partnerships. At some point in the future, the line between homeland security and everyday policing will become indistinguishable. At that point, homeland security institutionalization at the local level will have been fully achieved. This thesis attempts to identify the need for homeland security institutionalization in local law enforcement organizations. The thesis argues that community-based policing principles combined with other progressive law enforcement practices such as Intelligence-led policing are crucial aids in that effort. / Deputy Police Chief (Retired), Arlington Texas Police Department

No description available.

The purpose of the study was to determine the needs of one marketing segment of clients seen in a contraceptive clinic in the Midwest. The marketing segment targeted for study was women with positive Pap smears. A comparison group of women with negative Pap smears was sampled from the same clinic during the time frame July 1, 1982, to July 1, 1984.Nine research questions were investigated. Responses have been reported relative to the following questions:1. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the presence of cervical infection a woman may have?2. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on whether or not a woman smokes?3. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the type of contraceptive (pill or barrier) used by a woman?4. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend number of abortions experienced by a woman?5. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the number of pregnancies experienced by a woman?6. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on whether the woman is white or black?7. Does the incidence of positive Pap age of the woman?8. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the smears depend on whether the woman is married or not?9. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the educational status of the woman?Five conclusions were drawn from findings of the study and were confined to the population for the study, clients of the selected clinic:1. Women with positive Pap smears are more likely to have infections than women with negative Pap smears.2. Women who have had abortions are more likely to have positive Pap smears.3. The incidence of positive Pap smears is associated with pregnancies; that is women with one or more pregnancies are more likely to have positive Pap smears.4. A higher proportion of black women have positive Pap smears than white women.5. Women with less education have more positive Pap smears than women with higher levels of education. / Department of Educational Administration and Supervision

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1981. / Bibliography: leaves 579-593. / Microfiche. / xxi, 593 leaves, bound 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 213-222. / xiii, 222 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Adobe acrobat reader required. / Issued also in French under title: Guide canadien de medecine clinique preventive. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (MCur.(Advanced Medical and Surgical Nursing Science)--Faculty of Health Sciences)-University of Pretoria, 2007.

The period 1980-2000 was important for infant health in Florida and the United States more generally. This period of dramatic social change and substantial improvements in therapeutic technology has produced striking improvements in infant health and survival. Despite overall declines in all-cause infant mortality, some evidence has suggested that racial disparities have persisted and even widened during this period. While the maternal socio- demographic factors associated with these racial disparities are well-established areas of research, several points remain unclear. First, it is not well-known which causes of death have contributed to the widening racial disparities in infant mortality. Second, it is uncertain how the changing social context may have affected these patterns. Finally, it is unknown which has been more influential, changes in the social context or changes in individual maternal socio- demographic characteristics. This study addresses these questions, using linked birth and infant death files on the 1980 and 2000 Florida birth cohorts. This investigation has three main findings. First, the racial disparity in infant mortality in Florida increased during the period 1980-2000. Black infants born in the earlier cohort had about 60% greater odds of infant death than white infants. Even though absolute rates of infant death declined for both groups between 1980 and 2000, the racial disparity increased over this period such that in the year 2000 black infants had 80% higher mortality risk than white infants. Second, maternal and socio-demographic variables are able to explain less of the black-white mortality differences in 2000 than in 1980. Third, changes in cause specific infant deaths have contributed to the increased racial disparity in infant mortality over the period 1980-2000. Deaths due to prematurity causes and maternal and obstetric conditions were the most important for changes in the racial disparity that occurred over the period 1980-2000. The findings of this research highlight the need to consider cause-specific infant mortality in understanding the racial disparity in infant death. Changes in individual causes of death due to advancing therapeutic technologies and improved distributions of maternal risk factors can influence the overall distribution of infant deaths by race. Additionally, social context should continue to be included in future studies, although new measures may need to be considered. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Sociology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Fall Semester, 2010. / October 1, 2010. / Infant Health, Racial Disparities, Multi-level Modeling, Cause-Specific Infant Death / Includes bibliographical references. / Isaac W. Eberstein, Professor Directing Dissertation; Lisa Jordan, University Representative; Elwood Carlson, Committee Member; Verna Keith, Committee Member; Miles Taylor, Committee Member.

Doctor of Philosophy / This study explores the health beliefs and preventive health behaviours of older Hong Kong Chinese people resident in Australia. Participation in physical activity was used as the case study. There were two frameworks used to shape the research. Because of their perceived influence on the health beliefs and practices of Hong Kong Chinese people, the traditional Chinese philosophies of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism provided the philosophical framework. The Theory of Planned Behaviour provided a theoretical framework for understanding the target group's preventive health behaviour. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews, participant observation and case study. Twenty-two informants were interviewed, their transcripts analysed, summarised and typologised, identifying six states of physical activity participation. Findings demonstrated that this target group possessed a holistic view of health, with food taking a special role in preventive care and self-treatment at times of illness. The Cantonese terms used to denote “physical activity” caused confusion among the target group. Most interpreted it as meaning deliberate planned body movement, strength-enhancing activities or exercise, although some did see it as including mundane daily activities and chores. Lack of time, no interest and laziness were reported as the main reasons for low participation in deliberate planned physical activity. Cultural, social and environmental determinants were the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing attitudes toward physical activity, as well as perceived social supports and perceived control over physical activity participation barriers. To a large extent, these interactive determinants of health were rooted in the three traditional Chinese philosophies mentioned above. The thesis concludes by arguing that rather than simply advocating activities designed for other populations, health promotion strategies and education need to create links to the traditions of this target group and also clarify their conception of physical activity.