This dissertation summarizes the evidence for the use of canon law collections in England during the Christian Anglo-Saxon period, that is ca 600-1066. The method is text-historical, the focus being firstly on the scientific description of the primary evidence, and secondly on the evaluation of that evidence to determine which canon law collections were in circulation in Anglo-Saxon England, and exactly when, where and (in some cases) to whom they may have been available. An attempt is also made (in Chapter 2) to find a place for future discussion of canon law collections within the field of Anglo-Saxon Studies, a field traditionally resistant to this particular aspect of early medieval legal culture. This dissertation has been envisioned as primarily descriptive. Here and there, however, attempts are made to venture beyond mere description of the evidence and explore the broader significance of canon law collections to Anglo-Saxon legal culture as a whole; however, given the still nascent state of the study of Anglo-Saxon canon law, such explorations are very often speculative and can only be considered preliminary to a more detailed investigation into the social, political and institutional significance of the evidence that is herein presented. This is simply to say that the goals of the present study are more humble than might be hoped. A solid foundation, rather than a consummate edifice of historical analysis, is sought after. Indeed, it bears advertising up front that not only has the definitive treatment of Anglo-Saxon canon law yet to be written; in all likelihood, it will still be many years before it is even prudent to attempt such a thing. The appendices contain a number of transcriptions of canon law collections from Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, including the first ever transcriptions of the Collectio Sanblasiana and Collectio Turonensis, as well as transcriptions of Book 4 of the Collectio quadripartita and of the Collectio Wigorniensis (or 'Excerptiones pseudo-Ecgberhti') in four of its five redactions. The appendices also contain a review of the complex historiography surrounding the latter two collections, as well as case studies of three texts that appear to have been crucial to the development of canon law in the Anglo-Saxon church, namely the Libellus responsionum, the Constitutum Silvestri, and Ecgberht of York's Dialogus. While the appendixed material is intended primarily as support for the broader arguments developed in the dissertation proper, it is also hoped that scholars will find some of that material useful in its own right, and that it will serve to promote further discussion of the importance of canon law collections, especially Continental canon law collections, within the context of Anglo-Saxon history.

This dissertation summarizes the evidence for the use of canon law collections in England during the Christian Anglo-Saxon period, that is ca 600-1066. The method is text-historical, the focus being firstly on the scientific description of the primary evidence, and secondly on the evaluation of that evidence to determine which canon law collections were in circulation in Anglo-Saxon England, and exactly when, where and (in some cases) to whom they may have been available. An attempt is also made (in Chapter 2) to find a place for future discussion of canon law collections within the field of Anglo-Saxon Studies, a field traditionally resistant to this particular aspect of early medieval legal culture. This dissertation has been envisioned as primarily descriptive. Here and there, however, attempts are made to venture beyond mere description of the evidence and explore the broader significance of canon law collections to Anglo-Saxon legal culture as a whole; however, given the still nascent state of the study of Anglo-Saxon canon law, such explorations are very often speculative and can only be considered preliminary to a more detailed investigation into the social, political and institutional significance of the evidence that is herein presented. This is simply to say that the goals of the present study are more humble than might be hoped. A solid foundation, rather than a consummate edifice of historical analysis, is sought after. Indeed, it bears advertising up front that not only has the definitive treatment of Anglo-Saxon canon law yet to be written; in all likelihood, it will still be many years before it is even prudent to attempt such a thing. The appendices contain a number of transcriptions of canon law collections from Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, including the first ever transcriptions of the Collectio Sanblasiana and Collectio Turonensis, as well as transcriptions of Book 4 of the Collectio quadripartita and of the Collectio Wigorniensis (or 'Excerptiones pseudo-Ecgberhti') in four of its five redactions. The appendices also contain a review of the complex historiography surrounding the latter two collections, as well as case studies of three texts that appear to have been crucial to the development of canon law in the Anglo-Saxon church, namely the Libellus responsionum, the Constitutum Silvestri, and Ecgberht of York's Dialogus. While the appendixed material is intended primarily as support for the broader arguments developed in the dissertation proper, it is also hoped that scholars will find some of that material useful in its own right, and that it will serve to promote further discussion of the importance of canon law collections, especially Continental canon law collections, within the context of Anglo-Saxon history.

As Decretais de Gregório IX (Decretales ou Liber Extra) é uma compilação de direito canônico publicada em 1234, que havia ficado sob incumbência do canonista Raimundo de Penyafort e da qual ainda não existe tradução em português e em outras línguas faladas hoje. Nascida no período de direito canônico clássico e do chamado ius novum ou ius decretalium, ela se caracteriza por incluir principalmente (não apenas) decretais papais desse período, isto é, tanto declarações com o conselho da cúria romana – ou sem a participação da mesma – sobre matérias jurídicas após uma provocatio da hierarquia inferior, como ainda sentenças judiciais, quando estas chegavam à cúria romana, além de outras manifestações papais dadas a particulares. De caráter particular, elas tornaram-se universais ainda antes de serem incluídas nas Decretais. A obra se divide em 5 livros, os quais se subdividem em títulos e capítulos, abordando vários tipos de normas, que de forma excessivamente resumida são: o processo canônico ou ordem de juízo (matéria processual civil eclesiástica e de processo criminal), disciplina do clero secular e regular, a administração eclesiástica, normas sobre o casamento, determinação sobre os vários tipos de crimes, previsão de penas, regras litúrgicas, entre outras. A tradução é feita sobre os dois primeiros títulos do livro 5, tratando de três modos processuais canônicos (acusação, denunciação e inquirição) – que exerceram e ainda exercem uma influência determinante sobre o direito de países da Europa e da América – e das penas aplicadas aos caluniadores no desenrolar dos referidos modos processuais. A tradução é feita ainda sobre parte da Glosa Ordinária, apenas quando se entendeu que ela fosse fundamental doutrinariamente para completar as normas ou quando indispensável para o entendimento de certos trechos. Essa glosa segue a mesma ordem do texto latino, mas é apresentada em notas finais, as quais são interpretativas e fazem uso concomitante de outros tipos de meios bibliográficos. A introdução se divide em duas partes. Na primeira é abordada a natureza da fonte traduzida, os elementos constituintes, o trabalho editorial de Raimundo de Penyafort a partir de coleções de decretais anteriores, e se discute a edição impressa do Corpus Juris Canonici utilizada para a tradução. Na segunda parte se trata de entender a complexidade do material contido na tradução, cuja leitura por si só torna difícil o entendimento da matéria. A sociedade brasileira e aquelas de vários países do Ocidente estão organizadas através de legislações que possuem um desenvolvimento operado há muitos séculos. Apesar de principalmente voltado à estrutura eclesiástica, o direito canônico acabava atingindo a sociedade laica (secular) cristã e isso deixou marcas na atualidade. Tal como o direito contemporâneo brasileiro, o direito canônico, embora assentado em uma firme estrutura original, estava em constante aperfeiçoamento e era adequado ao seu tempo, o que incluíam as regras processuais criminais quando se percebia a impunidade e a constância no cometimento dos crimes, a despeito de ambos os direitos caracterizarem-se pela mitigação na aplicação das sentenças judiciais, excetuando-se determinados crimes, considerados graves em seus tempos. / The Decretals of Gregory IX (Decretales or Liber Extra) is a compilation of Canon Law published in 1234, which had been in charge of the canonist Raymond of Penyafort and from which there is still no translation in Portuguese and in other languages spoken today. Born in the classical Canon Law period and the so-called ius novum or ius decretalium, it includes mainly (not only) papal decretals of that period, namely both statements made by the Roman curia council – or without its participation – on legal matters upon a provocatio of the lower hierarchy, or court rulings, when they reached the Roman curia, as well as on other papal manifestations given to private affairs. Despite having a particular character, they became universal even before being included in the Decretals. The compilation is divided into five books, which are divided into titles and chapters, covering various types of regulations, which are, in sum: The canonical process or ordo iudiciarius (ecclesiastical civil procedural and criminal proceedings), discipline of secular and regular clergy, the ecclesiastical administration, rules about marriage, determination of the various types of crimes, punishment predictions, liturgical rules, among others. The translation was carried out on the first two titles of book 5, dealing with three canonical procedural modes (accusation, denunciation and inquisition) – that exerted and still exert a decisive influence on the laws of countries in Europe and America – and penalties applied to calumniators during the course of these procedural modes. Translation was further carried out on part of the Ordinary Gloss, only when it was understood that it was essential to doctrinally complete the norms or where essential for the understanding of certain passages. This gloss follows the same order of the Latin text, but it is presented in the form of endnotes, which are interpretative notes and make concomitant use of other types of bibliographic resources. The introduction is divided into two parts. The first addresses the nature of the translated source, the elements, the editorial work of Raimundo Penyafort from previous collections of decretals, and discusses the printed edition of the Corpus Juris Canonici used for the translation. The second part deals with the understanding of the complexity of the material contained in the translation, whose reading alone makes it difficult to understand the matter. The Brazilian society and the societies of many Western countries are organized based on laws whose development occurred many centuries ago. Although mainly focused on the ecclesiastical structure, canon law strongly affected the Christian lay (secular) society, whose effects can still be perceived today. Just like the Brazilian contemporary law, canon law, although laid on a firm original structure, was constantly improving and was appropriate to its time, which included criminal procedural rules when impunity and constancy in the practice of crimes were perceived, despite both types of law are characterized by a mitigation in the enforcement of legal judgments, except for certain crimes considered serious offences in their times.

As Decretais de Gregório IX (Decretales ou Liber Extra) é uma compilação de direito canônico publicada em 1234, que havia ficado sob incumbência do canonista Raimundo de Penyafort e da qual ainda não existe tradução em português e em outras línguas faladas hoje. Nascida no período de direito canônico clássico e do chamado ius novum ou ius decretalium, ela se caracteriza por incluir principalmente (não apenas) decretais papais desse período, isto é, tanto declarações com o conselho da cúria romana – ou sem a participação da mesma – sobre matérias jurídicas após uma provocatio da hierarquia inferior, como ainda sentenças judiciais, quando estas chegavam à cúria romana, além de outras manifestações papais dadas a particulares. De caráter particular, elas tornaram-se universais ainda antes de serem incluídas nas Decretais. A obra se divide em 5 livros, os quais se subdividem em títulos e capítulos, abordando vários tipos de normas, que de forma excessivamente resumida são: o processo canônico ou ordem de juízo (matéria processual civil eclesiástica e de processo criminal), disciplina do clero secular e regular, a administração eclesiástica, normas sobre o casamento, determinação sobre os vários tipos de crimes, previsão de penas, regras litúrgicas, entre outras. A tradução é feita sobre os dois primeiros títulos do livro 5, tratando de três modos processuais canônicos (acusação, denunciação e inquirição) – que exerceram e ainda exercem uma influência determinante sobre o direito de países da Europa e da América – e das penas aplicadas aos caluniadores no desenrolar dos referidos modos processuais. A tradução é feita ainda sobre parte da Glosa Ordinária, apenas quando se entendeu que ela fosse fundamental doutrinariamente para completar as normas ou quando indispensável para o entendimento de certos trechos. Essa glosa segue a mesma ordem do texto latino, mas é apresentada em notas finais, as quais são interpretativas e fazem uso concomitante de outros tipos de meios bibliográficos. A introdução se divide em duas partes. Na primeira é abordada a natureza da fonte traduzida, os elementos constituintes, o trabalho editorial de Raimundo de Penyafort a partir de coleções de decretais anteriores, e se discute a edição impressa do Corpus Juris Canonici utilizada para a tradução. Na segunda parte se trata de entender a complexidade do material contido na tradução, cuja leitura por si só torna difícil o entendimento da matéria. A sociedade brasileira e aquelas de vários países do Ocidente estão organizadas através de legislações que possuem um desenvolvimento operado há muitos séculos. Apesar de principalmente voltado à estrutura eclesiástica, o direito canônico acabava atingindo a sociedade laica (secular) cristã e isso deixou marcas na atualidade. Tal como o direito contemporâneo brasileiro, o direito canônico, embora assentado em uma firme estrutura original, estava em constante aperfeiçoamento e era adequado ao seu tempo, o que incluíam as regras processuais criminais quando se percebia a impunidade e a constância no cometimento dos crimes, a despeito de ambos os direitos caracterizarem-se pela mitigação na aplicação das sentenças judiciais, excetuando-se determinados crimes, considerados graves em seus tempos. / The Decretals of Gregory IX (Decretales or Liber Extra) is a compilation of Canon Law published in 1234, which had been in charge of the canonist Raymond of Penyafort and from which there is still no translation in Portuguese and in other languages spoken today. Born in the classical Canon Law period and the so-called ius novum or ius decretalium, it includes mainly (not only) papal decretals of that period, namely both statements made by the Roman curia council – or without its participation – on legal matters upon a provocatio of the lower hierarchy, or court rulings, when they reached the Roman curia, as well as on other papal manifestations given to private affairs. Despite having a particular character, they became universal even before being included in the Decretals. The compilation is divided into five books, which are divided into titles and chapters, covering various types of regulations, which are, in sum: The canonical process or ordo iudiciarius (ecclesiastical civil procedural and criminal proceedings), discipline of secular and regular clergy, the ecclesiastical administration, rules about marriage, determination of the various types of crimes, punishment predictions, liturgical rules, among others. The translation was carried out on the first two titles of book 5, dealing with three canonical procedural modes (accusation, denunciation and inquisition) – that exerted and still exert a decisive influence on the laws of countries in Europe and America – and penalties applied to calumniators during the course of these procedural modes. Translation was further carried out on part of the Ordinary Gloss, only when it was understood that it was essential to doctrinally complete the norms or where essential for the understanding of certain passages. This gloss follows the same order of the Latin text, but it is presented in the form of endnotes, which are interpretative notes and make concomitant use of other types of bibliographic resources. The introduction is divided into two parts. The first addresses the nature of the translated source, the elements, the editorial work of Raimundo Penyafort from previous collections of decretals, and discusses the printed edition of the Corpus Juris Canonici used for the translation. The second part deals with the understanding of the complexity of the material contained in the translation, whose reading alone makes it difficult to understand the matter. The Brazilian society and the societies of many Western countries are organized based on laws whose development occurred many centuries ago. Although mainly focused on the ecclesiastical structure, canon law strongly affected the Christian lay (secular) society, whose effects can still be perceived today. Just like the Brazilian contemporary law, canon law, although laid on a firm original structure, was constantly improving and was appropriate to its time, which included criminal procedural rules when impunity and constancy in the practice of crimes were perceived, despite both types of law are characterized by a mitigation in the enforcement of legal judgments, except for certain crimes considered serious offences in their times.

As Decretais de Gregório IX (Decretales ou Liber Extra) é uma compilação de direito canônico publicada em 1234, que havia ficado sob incumbência do canonista Raimundo de Penyafort e da qual ainda não existe tradução em português e em outras línguas faladas hoje. Nascida no período de direito canônico clássico e do chamado ius novum ou ius decretalium, ela se caracteriza por incluir principalmente (não apenas) decretais papais desse período, isto é, tanto declarações com o conselho da cúria romana – ou sem a participação da mesma – sobre matérias jurídicas após uma provocatio da hierarquia inferior, como ainda sentenças judiciais, quando estas chegavam à cúria romana, além de outras manifestações papais dadas a particulares. De caráter particular, elas tornaram-se universais ainda antes de serem incluídas nas Decretais. A obra se divide em 5 livros, os quais se subdividem em títulos e capítulos, abordando vários tipos de normas, que de forma excessivamente resumida são: o processo canônico ou ordem de juízo (matéria processual civil eclesiástica e de processo criminal), disciplina do clero secular e regular, a administração eclesiástica, normas sobre o casamento, determinação sobre os vários tipos de crimes, previsão de penas, regras litúrgicas, entre outras. A tradução é feita sobre os dois primeiros títulos do livro 5, tratando de três modos processuais canônicos (acusação, denunciação e inquirição) – que exerceram e ainda exercem uma influência determinante sobre o direito de países da Europa e da América – e das penas aplicadas aos caluniadores no desenrolar dos referidos modos processuais. A tradução é feita ainda sobre parte da Glosa Ordinária, apenas quando se entendeu que ela fosse fundamental doutrinariamente para completar as normas ou quando indispensável para o entendimento de certos trechos. Essa glosa segue a mesma ordem do texto latino, mas é apresentada em notas finais, as quais são interpretativas e fazem uso concomitante de outros tipos de meios bibliográficos. A introdução se divide em duas partes. Na primeira é abordada a natureza da fonte traduzida, os elementos constituintes, o trabalho editorial de Raimundo de Penyafort a partir de coleções de decretais anteriores, e se discute a edição impressa do Corpus Juris Canonici utilizada para a tradução. Na segunda parte se trata de entender a complexidade do material contido na tradução, cuja leitura por si só torna difícil o entendimento da matéria. A sociedade brasileira e aquelas de vários países do Ocidente estão organizadas através de legislações que possuem um desenvolvimento operado há muitos séculos. Apesar de principalmente voltado à estrutura eclesiástica, o direito canônico acabava atingindo a sociedade laica (secular) cristã e isso deixou marcas na atualidade. Tal como o direito contemporâneo brasileiro, o direito canônico, embora assentado em uma firme estrutura original, estava em constante aperfeiçoamento e era adequado ao seu tempo, o que incluíam as regras processuais criminais quando se percebia a impunidade e a constância no cometimento dos crimes, a despeito de ambos os direitos caracterizarem-se pela mitigação na aplicação das sentenças judiciais, excetuando-se determinados crimes, considerados graves em seus tempos. / The Decretals of Gregory IX (Decretales or Liber Extra) is a compilation of Canon Law published in 1234, which had been in charge of the canonist Raymond of Penyafort and from which there is still no translation in Portuguese and in other languages spoken today. Born in the classical Canon Law period and the so-called ius novum or ius decretalium, it includes mainly (not only) papal decretals of that period, namely both statements made by the Roman curia council – or without its participation – on legal matters upon a provocatio of the lower hierarchy, or court rulings, when they reached the Roman curia, as well as on other papal manifestations given to private affairs. Despite having a particular character, they became universal even before being included in the Decretals. The compilation is divided into five books, which are divided into titles and chapters, covering various types of regulations, which are, in sum: The canonical process or ordo iudiciarius (ecclesiastical civil procedural and criminal proceedings), discipline of secular and regular clergy, the ecclesiastical administration, rules about marriage, determination of the various types of crimes, punishment predictions, liturgical rules, among others. The translation was carried out on the first two titles of book 5, dealing with three canonical procedural modes (accusation, denunciation and inquisition) – that exerted and still exert a decisive influence on the laws of countries in Europe and America – and penalties applied to calumniators during the course of these procedural modes. Translation was further carried out on part of the Ordinary Gloss, only when it was understood that it was essential to doctrinally complete the norms or where essential for the understanding of certain passages. This gloss follows the same order of the Latin text, but it is presented in the form of endnotes, which are interpretative notes and make concomitant use of other types of bibliographic resources. The introduction is divided into two parts. The first addresses the nature of the translated source, the elements, the editorial work of Raimundo Penyafort from previous collections of decretals, and discusses the printed edition of the Corpus Juris Canonici used for the translation. The second part deals with the understanding of the complexity of the material contained in the translation, whose reading alone makes it difficult to understand the matter. The Brazilian society and the societies of many Western countries are organized based on laws whose development occurred many centuries ago. Although mainly focused on the ecclesiastical structure, canon law strongly affected the Christian lay (secular) society, whose effects can still be perceived today. Just like the Brazilian contemporary law, canon law, although laid on a firm original structure, was constantly improving and was appropriate to its time, which included criminal procedural rules when impunity and constancy in the practice of crimes were perceived, despite both types of law are characterized by a mitigation in the enforcement of legal judgments, except for certain crimes considered serious offences in their times.