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Orientador: Luiz Gonzaga Marchezan / Banca: Sérgio Vicente Motta / Banca: Paulo Elias Franchetti / Banca: Maria Celeste Consolin Dezotti / Banca: Márcia Valéria Zamboni Gobbi / Resumo: Eça de Queiroz é o autor mais representativo do realismo em Portugal no século XIX. Sua produção é composta de vários textos ficcionais e não-ficcionais, mas são os seus romances que lhe dão maior popularidade. No entanto, a qualidade da originalidade, assim como a sintonia com o momento histórico e estético no qual está inserido, permite observar outros textos com maior atenção. Dentre esses textos, este estudo focaliza os contos, textos literários breves cuja diegese está em harmonia absoluta com a composição narrativa para surtir o efeito de coerência e sedução junto ao leitor. Nesse sentido, brevidade, densidade dramática e linguagem sedutora são recursos importantes que Eça utiliza com competência em seus contos. A leitura deles revela que o tema amoroso é recorrente em quatro desses contos, entre os doze publicados na primeira edição, datada de 1902, além de mais um título de publicação póstuma. Neles, observa-se que o amor é operacionalizado em motivos próprios do espetáculo melodramático, conforme o expediente do teatro praticado nos palcos franceses e portugueses oitocentistas. A hipótese deste estudo toma essas idéias e sobre elas se desenvolve: examinar a adesão na narrativa breve dos modelos e comportamentos do melodrama em cinco títulos: "Singularidades de uma rapariga loura", "Um poeta lírico", "No moinho", "José Matias" e "Um dia de chuva". Constata-se, então, que as narrativas se servem de um enredo e percurso melodramático, valorizando mais ou menos certos aspectos ou tendências melodramáticas, tanto na forma quanto no conteúdo, envolvendo o leitor e monitorando suas emoções, com uma preocupação moralizante e didática. / Abstract: Eça de Queiroz is the most representative author of the Realism in Portugal in the 19th century. His production consists of several fictional and nonfictional texts, but it is his novels that confer the most popularity on him. However, the quality of originality, as well as of being tuned in to the historical and aesthetic moment to which he belongs, allow us to observe other texts with closer attention. Among these texts, this study focuses on the short stories, literary short texts whose diegesis is in absolute harmony with the narrative composition in order to foster the effect of coherence and seduction before the reader. Thus, brevity, dramatic density and seductive language are important resources which Eça competently employs in his short stories. Their reading reveals that the love theme is recurrent in four of these short stories, among the twelve published in the first edition, dated 1902, besides another title of posthumous publication. In them one observes that love is operationalised in motifs which are characteristic of the melodramatic spectacle, in accordance with the expedient of the theatre practised in the nineteenth-century French and Portuguese stages. The hypothesis of this study takes these ideas and develops from them: examining the adherence, in the short narrative, to the models and behaviour of the melodrama in five titles: "Singularidades de uma rapariga loura", "Um poeta lírico", "No moinho", "José Matias" and "Um dia de chuva". One notices, then, that the narratives make use of a melodramatic plot and course, thus valuing more or less certain melodramatic aspects or tendencies, in both form and content, involving the reader and monitoring their emotions, with a moralising and didactic concern. / Doutor

Univ., Diss.--München, 2001.

Zugl.: Münster, Univ., Diss., 2001.

This thesis considers the films of Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar as postmodern melodramas. The crux of my argument is that melodrama is known for its expressiveness and its attempt to restore a spiritual element to a post-sacred world, and is used by Almodóvar to make clear the problems and contradictions inherent in the destabilized world of postmodernity. This definition of melodrama draws primarily on the work of Peter Brooks, Christine Gledhill and Linda Williams; it is modified to apply to postmodernism as defined by Jean Baudrillard and Frederic Jameson. The conclusion reached is that Almodóvar is deeply ambivalent about postmodernity. Chapter 2 considers the twin issues of representation and sexuality in Almodóvar’s first six films: Pepi, Luci, Born (Pepi, Luci Born y otras chicas del montón, 1980), Labyrinth of Passions (Laberinto de pasiones, 1982), Dark Habits (Entre tinieblas, 1983), What Have I Done To Deserve This? (Qué he hecho yopor merecer esto!, 1984), Matador (1986), and Law ofDesire (Le ley del deseo, 1987); with a special eye to the representation of sexual violence, it establishes how Almodóvar develops his ambivalent melodramatic imagination. Chapter 3 considers fashion as a discourse and argues that Almodóvar’s next four films use clothing to place different versions of femininity in dialogue, and uses this as a springboard to consider Women on the Verge ofa Nervous Breakdown (Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios, 1988), Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (I Atame!, 1990), High Heels (Tacones lejanos, 1991), and Kika (1993) as postmodern “women’s pictures.” Chapter 4 considers the appearance of the explicitly political along with the symbolism of the image of the map in The Flower of My Secret (Laflor de rni secreto, 1995), Live Flesh (Came trémula, 1997), and All About My Mother (Todo sobre mi madre, 1999). Chapter 5 uses the metaphor of ghosts to consider the draw of the past in Talk To Her (Hable con ella, 2002), Bad Education (La mala educación, 2004), and Volver (2006), pointing to both the emptiness of the present and the impossibility of returning to that golden past.

Inaug.-Diss.--Breslau. / Lebenslauf. "Literatur": p. 83.

This thesis considers the films of Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar as postmodern melodramas. The crux of my argument is that melodrama is known for its expressiveness and its attempt to restore a spiritual element to a post-sacred world, and is used by Almodóvar to make clear the problems and contradictions inherent in the destabilized world of postmodernity. This definition of melodrama draws primarily on the work of Peter Brooks, Christine Gledhill and Linda Williams; it is modified to apply to postmodernism as defined by Jean Baudrillard and Frederic Jameson. The conclusion reached is that Almodóvar is deeply ambivalent about postmodernity. Chapter 2 considers the twin issues of representation and sexuality in Almodóvar’s first six films: Pepi, Luci, Born (Pepi, Luci Born y otras chicas del montón, 1980), Labyrinth of Passions (Laberinto de pasiones, 1982), Dark Habits (Entre tinieblas, 1983), What Have I Done To Deserve This? (Qué he hecho yopor merecer esto!, 1984), Matador (1986), and Law ofDesire (Le ley del deseo, 1987); with a special eye to the representation of sexual violence, it establishes how Almodóvar develops his ambivalent melodramatic imagination. Chapter 3 considers fashion as a discourse and argues that Almodóvar’s next four films use clothing to place different versions of femininity in dialogue, and uses this as a springboard to consider Women on the Verge ofa Nervous Breakdown (Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios, 1988), Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (I Atame!, 1990), High Heels (Tacones lejanos, 1991), and Kika (1993) as postmodern “women’s pictures.” Chapter 4 considers the appearance of the explicitly political along with the symbolism of the image of the map in The Flower of My Secret (Laflor de rni secreto, 1995), Live Flesh (Came trémula, 1997), and All About My Mother (Todo sobre mi madre, 1999). Chapter 5 uses the metaphor of ghosts to consider the draw of the past in Talk To Her (Hable con ella, 2002), Bad Education (La mala educación, 2004), and Volver (2006), pointing to both the emptiness of the present and the impossibility of returning to that golden past.

This thesis tracks the melodramatic imagination of Tracey Moffatt's art. Whereas many of Moffatt's photographic and filmic works employ conventions of melodrama, the critical literature on her art has barely engaged with this important aspect of her practice. The thesis redresses this gap. I argue that a particular understanding of melodrama that constructs inauthe.ntic and indeterminate realities crucially shapes Moffatt's art. Building on seminal works from literature and film studies, as well as psychoanalysis I develop a framework for the detailed examination of melodrama in Moffatt's art, and identify major themes, stylistic elements and fonnal conventions of melodrama that penneate her practice. The thesis designates and investigates three major concepts associated with melodrama as applicable to Moffatt's practice. First, I propose that her art is linked to a particular melodramatic aesthetic, the aesthetic of muteness as defined by Peter Brooks. This aesthetic uses non-verbal means of expression, such as gestures, the tableau and mise-en-scene to convey emotional and narrative meaning. It also emphasises the shortcomings of verbal language in expressing inner states of being of the modem 'Western' subject. Analyses of Moffatt's photo series Something More and her film Night Cries. A Rural Tragedy demonstrate that the aesthetic of muteness not only serves to express unspeakable traumatic experiences of characters but is also linked to the artist's aim to cross media boundaries. Second, the thesis examines Moffatt's Scarred for Life series in relation to melodrama's exposure of issues of violence and oppression in the family. I will propose that the return of the repressed and the revelation of hidden forces in melodrama may be related to Sigmund Freud's concept of the uncanny. Focussing on Scarred for Life I will examine ways in which artworks may evoke uncanny feelings in viewers. The third key thematic investigated in the thesis is elaborated in Chapter Five, which examines a consistent ambiguity found in Moffatt's art and links it to the moral impetus of melodrama. Building on writings by psychoanalytic theorist Joan Copjec I argue that - unlike early theatrical and literary melodrama, which divides the world into clear-cut binaries of good and evil - Moffatt's melodramas construct a moral ambiguity that questions unequivocal moral' judgment~. With the example of Moffatt's photographic series Laudanum I show that this moral ambiguity challenges viewers to make their own judgments instead of automatically relying on pre-given moral and political premises. By analysing the crucial part that melodrama plays in Moffatt's practice, this thesis not only develops a new way of interpreting the work of this important Australian artist, but also presents an understanding of melodrama as an aesthetic and a way of seeing the world that may be applied to other fonns of contemporary visual art.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1915. / Bibliography: 6 p. at end.

Inaug.-Diss.--Breslau. / Lebenslauf. "Literatur": p. 83.