Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Lund, 1995. / Published dissertation. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Lund, 1995. / Published dissertation. Includes bibliographical references.

This study is concerned with certain factors affecting the content of lactobacillic acid in Lactobacillus plantarum. Three main areas of investigation are reported herein. The effects of both the oxygen tension and the pH of the culture medium on the accumulation of lactobacillic acid were determined. In addition, monolayer studies were conducted to determine the influence of cyclopropane fatty acid content on the molecular packing of membrane lipids.

Les changements climatiques globaux sont responsables de l'augmentation de la fréquence des épisodes de sécheresse et de fortes concentrations d'ozone troposphérique, qui peuvent se produire simultanément pour réduire la croissance des plantes en limitant la production agricole et affectant la fourniture de nourriture pour une population mondiale croissante. Ces contraintes environnementales peuvent conduire à la surproduction d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène en favorisant le stress oxydatif et provoquant un déséquilibre métabolique. Les membranes cellulaires sont les premières cibles des dommages induits par le stress et la préservation de l'intégrité cellulaire par le remodelage des lipides membranaires est essentielle pour la survie des plantes dans des conditions défavorables. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier les effets de la sécheresse, de l'ozone et des contraintes combinées chez deux cultivars de haricot niébé dotés de différents degrés de tolérance à la sécheresse: EPACE-1 et IT83-D par des réponses physiologiques et par une étude portée sur la teneur et la composition des lipides de membrane, ainsi que dans l'expression de gènes liés à la biosynthèse et la dégradation des ces lipides. La sécheresse et l'ozone (120 ppb), seuls ou en combinaison, ont été appliqués aux plantes après trois semaines de germination pendant deux semaines. Après 7 et 14 jours de traitements, des paramètres physiologiques ont été déterminés. Les lipides extraits de feuilles ont été analysés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse/spectrométrie de masse. L'accumulation de transcrits (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 et VuPAT1) a été détecté chez les feuilles par PCR en temps réel. Chez les deux cultivars, la sécheresse a limité la croissance et la photosynthèse par la fermeture des stomates, ce qui a semblé impliquer l'expression génétique de la phospholipase D (VuPLD1). L'ozone a causé des dommages foliaires et de la dégradation des galactolipides, principalement chez IT83-D. Chez ce cultivar, les dommages ont impliqué dans l'augmentation du ratio DGDG:MGDG et de l'expression de VuDGD2. De plus, une diminution partielle de la teneur en phospholipides en réponse à l'ozone a été associée à une augmentation de l'expression de VuPLD1, ce qui suggère un remplacement des phospholipides par DGDG. Contrairement, le cultivar EPACE-1 en présence d'ozone, en même temps que la dégradation des galactolipides, a montré une augmentation de la teneur en lipides de réserve et en DPG (cardiolipine). La combinaison des contraintes a conduit à des résultats similaires à ceux de la sécheresse appliquée séparément, chez les deux cultivars, ce qui reflète probablement la forte restriction de l'absorption de l'ozone en raison de la fermeture des stomates induite par la sécheresse. En conclusion, les présents résultats mettent en évidence le rôle important des lipides membranaires dans les ajustements métaboliques qui se produisent pour régler la tolérance des plantes à la sécheresse et à l'ozone / Global climate changes are responsible for the increased frequency of episodes of drought and high concentrations of tropospheric ozone, which can occur simultaneously to reduce plant growth, limiting agricultural production and affecting the food supply for an increasing world population. These environmental stresses can lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, promoting oxidative stress and causing metabolic imbalance. Cell membranes are the primary targets of damage induced by stresses and the preservation of cell integrity through remodeling of membrane lipids is essential for plant survival under adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought, ozone and the combined stresses in two cowpea cultivars with different degrees of drought tolerance: EPACE-1 and IT83-D through physiological responses and a study focused on the content and composition of membrane lipids, as well as on the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis and degradation of these lipids. Drought and ozone (120 ppb), isolated or in combination, were applied on three-week-old seedlings during two weeks. After 7 and 14 days of treatments, physiological parameters were determined. Lipids extracted from leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Transcript accumulation (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 and VuPAT1) was detected in leaves by real time PCR. In both cultivars, drought inhibited the plant growth and photosynthesis through stomatal closure, which appeared to involve the gene expression of phospholipase D (VuPLD1). Ozone caused foliar injury and degradation of galactolipids, mainly in IT83-D. In this cultivar, the damage resulted in an increase in DGDG:MGDG ratio and in VuDGD2 expression. Furthermore, a partial decrease in the phospholipids content in response to ozone was associated with an increase in VuPLD1 expression, suggesting a replacement of phospholipids by DGDG. Differently, EPACE-1 cultivar in the presence of ozone, concomitantly with the degradation of galactolipids, showed an increase in storage lipids and DPG (cardiolipin) contents. The two stresses in combination led to results similar to those observed in response to the drought treatment alone, in both cultivars, which likely reflected the severe restriction of ozone uptake resulting from drought-induced stomatal closure. In conclusion, the present results highlight the prominent role of membrane lipids in the metabolic adjustments that occur for the plant tolerance to drought and ozone

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Global climate changes are responsible for the increased frequency of episodes of drought and high concentrations of tropospheric ozone, which can occur simultaneously reducing plant growth, limiting agricultural production and affecting the food supply for an increasing world population. These environmental stresses can lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, promoting oxidative stress and causing metabolic imbalance. Cell membranes are the primary targets of damage induced by stresses and the preservation of cell integrity through remodeling of membrane lipids is essential for plant survival under adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought, ozone and the combined stresses in two cowpea cultivars with different degrees of drought tolerance: EPACE-1 (tolerant) and IT83-D (susceptible) through physiological responses and a study focused on the content and composition of membrane lipids, as well as on the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis and degradation of these lipids. Drought and ozone (120 ppb), isolated or in combination, were applied on three-week-old seedlings during two weeks. After 7 and 14 days of treatments, physiological parameters were determined. Lipids extracted from leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Transcript accumulation (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 and VuPAT1) was detected in leaves by real time PCR. In both cultivars, drought inhibited the plant growth and photosynthesis through stomatal closure, which appeared to involve the gene expression of phospholipase D (VuPLD1). Ozone caused foliar injury and degradation of galactolipids, mainly in IT83-D. In this cultivar, the damage resulted in an increase in DGDG:MGDG ratio and in VuDGD2 expression. Furthermore, a partial decrease in the phospholipids content in response to ozone was associated with an increase in VuPLD1 expression, suggesting a replacement of phospholipids by DGDG. Differently, EPACE-1 cultivar in the presence of ozone, concomitantly with the degradation of galactolipids, showed an increase in storage lipids and DPG (cardiolipin) contents. The two stresses in combination led to results similar to those observed in response to the drought treatment alone, in both cultivars, which likely reflected the severe restriction of ozone uptake resulting from drought-induced stomatal closure. In conclusion, the present results highlight the prominent role of membrane lipids in the metabolic adjustments that occur for the plant tolerance to drought and ozone. / As mudanÃas climÃticas globais sÃo responsÃveis pelo aumento da frequÃncia de episÃdios de seca e de elevadas concentraÃÃes de ozÃnio troposfÃrico, que podem ocorrer simultaneamente, reduzindo o crescimento das plantas, limitando a produÃÃo agrÃcola e afetando o suprimento de alimentos para a crescente populaÃÃo mundial. Esses estresses ambientais podem levar à superproduÃÃo de espÃcies reativas de oxigÃnio, promovendo o estresse oxidativo e causando desequilÃbrio metabÃlico. As membranas celulares sÃo os primeiros alvos de danos induzidos por estresses e a preservaÃÃo da integridade celular atravÃs da remodelaÃÃo dos lipÃdios de membrana à essencial para a sobrevivÃncia da planta sob condiÃÃes adversas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da seca, do ozÃnio e dos estresses combinados em dois cultivares de feijÃo-de-corda dotados de diferentes graus de tolerÃncia à seca: EPACE-1 (tolerante) e IT83-D (sensÃvel) atravÃs de respostas fisiolÃgicas e de um estudo focado no teor e na composiÃÃo de lipÃdios de membrana, assim como na expressÃo de genes relacionados à biossÃntese e à degradaÃÃo desses lipÃdios. A seca e o ozÃnio (120 ppb), isolados ou combinados, foram aplicados nas plantas apÃs trÃs semanas de germinaÃÃo, durante duas semanas. ApÃs 7 e 14 dias de tratamentos, parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos foram determinados. Os lipÃdios extraÃdos de folhas foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. O acÃmulo de transcritos (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 e VuPAT1) foi detectado em folhas por PCR em tempo real. Em ambos os cultivares, a seca inibiu o crescimento e a fotossÃntese atravÃs do fechamento estomÃtico, o que pareceu envolver a expressÃo gÃnica da fosfolipase D (VuPLD1). O ozÃnio causou injÃria foliar e degradaÃÃo de galactolipÃdios, principalmente em IT83-D. Neste cultivar, os danos implicaram no aumento da relaÃÃo DGDG:MGDG e da expressÃo de VuDGD2. AlÃm disso, uma diminuiÃÃo parcial no teor de fosfolipÃdios em resposta ao ozÃnio foi associada ao aumento da expressÃo de VuPLD1, sugerindo-se uma substituiÃÃo de fosfolipÃdios por DGDG. Diferentemente, o cultivar EPACE-1 em presenÃa de ozÃnio, concomitantemente com a degradaÃÃo de galactolipÃdios, mostrou um aumento nos teores de lipÃdios de reserva e de DPG (cardiolipina). A combinaÃÃo dos estresses levou a resultados semelhantes aos encontrados com a seca aplicada isoladamente, em ambos os cultivares, o que provavelmente reflete a forte restriÃÃo da absorÃÃo de ozÃnio devido ao fechamento dos estÃmatos induzido pela seca. Em conclusÃo, os presentes resultados ressaltam o proeminente papel dos lipÃdios de membrana nos processos de ajustamento metabÃlico que ocorrem para regular a tolerÃncia das plantas à seca e ao ozÃnio.

To examine the effects of fat composition and supplemental vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) on in vivo lipid peroxidation, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, and glutathione (GSH) metabolism, male Syrian hamsters were fed for three weeks butter fat (BF-) or fish oil- (FO-)based diets supplemented with Vit E and/or Se. The effect of supplemental Vit E and Se on tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and GSH concentrations differed between heart and liver and also was affected by dietary fat. The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio was more consistently associated with tissue lipid peroxidation than was tissue Vit E content. Plasma lipids were lowered with supplemental Se and Vit E. Se supplementation, however, exerted a more potent hypolipidemic effect than Vit E. A pro-oxidative action of Se in hearts of FO-fed hamsters was noted, which was inhibited by supplemental Vit E. Hence, the combination of Vit E and Se may offer the most benefit against diet-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1997 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-167) Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 49-51)

REBOUÇAS, Deborah Moura. Estudo do metabolismo de lipídios de membrana e da expressão dos genes relacionados em cultivares de Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp sob estresses abióticos combinados (seca/ozônio). 2014. 162 f. Tese (Doutorado em Bioquímica)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T23:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_dmreboucas.pdf: 4151452 bytes, checksum: 62ddcc5c8a9f5244cb43fd01dc410a57 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-09-05T20:07:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_dmreboucas.pdf: 4151452 bytes, checksum: 62ddcc5c8a9f5244cb43fd01dc410a57 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T20:07:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_dmreboucas.pdf: 4151452 bytes, checksum: 62ddcc5c8a9f5244cb43fd01dc410a57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Global climate changes are responsible for the increased frequency of episodes of drought and high concentrations of tropospheric ozone, which can occur simultaneously reducing plant growth, limiting agricultural production and affecting the food supply for an increasing world population. These environmental stresses can lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, promoting oxidative stress and causing metabolic imbalance. Cell membranes are the primary targets of damage induced by stresses and the preservation of cell integrity through remodeling of membrane lipids is essential for plant survival under adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought, ozone and the combined stresses in two cowpea cultivars with different degrees of drought tolerance: EPACE-1 (tolerant) and IT83-D (susceptible) through physiological responses and a study focused on the content and composition of membrane lipids, as well as on the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis and degradation of these lipids. Drought and ozone (120 ppb), isolated or in combination, were applied on three-week-old seedlings during two weeks. After 7 and 14 days of treatments, physiological parameters were determined. Lipids extracted from leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Transcript accumulation (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 and VuPAT1) was detected in leaves by real time PCR. In both cultivars, drought inhibited the plant growth and photosynthesis through stomatal closure, which appeared to involve the gene expression of phospholipase D (VuPLD1). Ozone caused foliar injury and degradation of galactolipids, mainly in IT83-D. In this cultivar, the damage resulted in an increase in DGDG:MGDG ratio and in VuDGD2 expression. Furthermore, a partial decrease in the phospholipids content in response to ozone was associated with an increase in VuPLD1 expression, suggesting a replacement of phospholipids by DGDG. Differently, EPACE-1 cultivar in the presence of ozone, concomitantly with the degradation of galactolipids, showed an increase in storage lipids and DPG (cardiolipin) contents. The two stresses in combination led to results similar to those observed in response to the drought treatment alone, in both cultivars, which likely reflected the severe restriction of ozone uptake resulting from drought-induced stomatal closure. In conclusion, the present results highlight the prominent role of membrane lipids in the metabolic adjustments that occur for the plant tolerance to drought and ozone. / As mudanças climáticas globais são responsáveis pelo aumento da frequência de episódios de seca e de elevadas concentrações de ozônio troposférico, que podem ocorrer simultaneamente, reduzindo o crescimento das plantas, limitando a produção agrícola e afetando o suprimento de alimentos para a crescente população mundial. Esses estresses ambientais podem levar à superprodução de espécies reativas de oxigênio, promovendo o estresse oxidativo e causando desequilíbrio metabólico. As membranas celulares são os primeiros alvos de danos induzidos por estresses e a preservação da integridade celular através da remodelação dos lipídios de membrana é essencial para a sobrevivência da planta sob condições adversas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da seca, do ozônio e dos estresses combinados em dois cultivares de feijão-de-corda dotados de diferentes graus de tolerância à seca: EPACE-1 (tolerante) e IT83-D (sensível) através de respostas fisiológicas e de um estudo focado no teor e na composição de lipídios de membrana, assim como na expressão de genes relacionados à biossíntese e à degradação desses lipídios. A seca e o ozônio (120 ppb), isolados ou combinados, foram aplicados nas plantas após três semanas de germinação, durante duas semanas. Após 7 e 14 dias de tratamentos, parâmetros fisiológicos foram determinados. Os lipídios extraídos de folhas foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. O acúmulo de transcritos (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 e VuPAT1) foi detectado em folhas por PCR em tempo real. Em ambos os cultivares, a seca inibiu o crescimento e a fotossíntese através do fechamento estomático, o que pareceu envolver a expressão gênica da fosfolipase D (VuPLD1). O ozônio causou injúria foliar e degradação de galactolipídios, principalmente em IT83-D. Neste cultivar, os danos implicaram no aumento da relação DGDG:MGDG e da expressão de VuDGD2. Além disso, uma diminuição parcial no teor de fosfolipídios em resposta ao ozônio foi associada ao aumento da expressão de VuPLD1, sugerindo-se uma substituição de fosfolipídios por DGDG. Diferentemente, o cultivar EPACE-1 em presença de ozônio, concomitantemente com a degradação de galactolipídios, mostrou um aumento nos teores de lipídios de reserva e de DPG (cardiolipina). A combinação dos estresses levou a resultados semelhantes aos encontrados com a seca aplicada isoladamente, em ambos os cultivares, o que provavelmente reflete a forte restrição da absorção de ozônio devido ao fechamento dos estômatos induzido pela seca. Em conclusão, os presentes resultados ressaltam o proeminente papel dos lipídios de membrana nos processos de ajustamento metabólico que ocorrem para regular a tolerância das plantas à seca e ao ozônio.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The protective role of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), lipoic acid (LA) and ternatin (TN), known free radical scavengers and cell membrane protectants were evaluated in an experimental model of testis ischemia/reperfusion. One hundred and twenty young male Wistar rats, mean weight 172.5Â15g, were randomized in five equal groups (GS - Sham, GC â Control, GD â Dimethylsulfoxide, GA â Lipoic acid and GT/D â Ternatin/DMSO). Rats of each group were distributed into four subgroups (T-0, T-1, T-3 and T-6), each comprising six animals. All surgical procedures were performed under inhalatory ether anesthesia. Experimental rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 3% aqueous solution of DMSO (10 ml/kg, GD), LA (10 mg/kg, GA) or TN/DMSO (12 mg/kg, suspended in 3% aqueous solution of DMSO), GT/D) 24, 12 and 4 hours before cord detorsion. Last dose was given 1 hour before ischemia induction or second Sham operation. Sham (GS) and Control (GC) rats received NaCl 0.9% 10 ml/Kg i.p. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels (Âmol/g wet tissue) were assayed in testis. Total Antioxidant Power (TAP) (ÂM) was measured in blood plasma. Data were first analyzed by Kolmorogov-Smirnov test to assess differences in the general shapes of distribution. Comparisons between groups were made using the t test for normally distributed data and the Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data. P values of <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Comparisons between antioxidant-treated and saline-treated rats (Control group, GC) were made using Dunnettâs test. Spermatic cord torsion induced significant decrease in testis MDA levels during ischemia and reperfusion in DMSO (GD) and LA (GA) and in TN/DMSO (GT/D) treated rats during reperfusion, compared with respective controls. MDA levels were significantly increased in GC compared with Sham (GS) rats at the end of the ischemia and during reperfusion as well as one hour after detorsion (T-1) in GC rats compared with T-0, in the same group, indicating additional damage imposed by the afflux of oxygenated blood (reperfusion) to the ischemic tissues. GSH levels decreased significantly in saline-treated (GC) compared with Sham-operated rats and increased significantly in DMSO and LA treated rats at the end of ischemia and during reperfusion. The model utilized in this study did not induce systemic effects. TAP was significantly increased during reperfusion (T-1) in LA (GA) and TN/DMSO (GT/D) pretreated rats, compared with respective controls. The results of the present study reinforce the hypothesis that ischemia and reperfusion are free radicals generating processes. The different antioxidants studied here have demonstrated great efficacy in cell membrane protection by decreasing lipid peroxidation in all experiments. Increased reduced glutathione levels in DMSO and LA treated rats support the view that these substances can exert a protective effect against testis oxidative stress injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats subjected to torsion of the spermatic cord lasting three hours. TN protective effects in reducing lipoperoxidation were more pronounced in ischemic tissues. / O efeito protetor do dimetilsulfÃxido (DMSO), do Ãcido lipÃico (LA) e da ternatina (TN), conhecidos seqÃestradores de radicais livres e protetores da membrana celular foram avaliados utilizando um modelo experimental de isquemia/reperfusÃo do testÃculo. Cento e vinte ratos Wistar jovens com peso mÃdio de 174 g foram distribuÃdos ao acaso em cinco grupos (GS - Simulado, GC â Controle, GD â DimetilsulfÃxido. GA â Ãcido lipÃico e GT/D â Ternatina/DMSO) numericamente iguais e posteriormente redistribuÃdos em quatro subgrupos (T-0, T-1, T-3 e T-6), com seis animais cada. Todos os procedimentos cirÃrgicos foram realizados sob os efeitos da anestesia geral inalatÃria. Os animais receberam injeÃÃes intraperitoniais (i.p.) de soluÃÃo aquosa de DMSO a 3% (10 ml/kg, GD), LA (10 mg/kg, GA) ou TN+DMSO (12 mg/kg, GT/D, em soluÃÃo aquosa de DMSO a 3%) 24, 12 e 4 horas antes da destorÃÃo do cordÃo espermÃtico. A Ãltima dose foi administrada uma hora antes da induÃÃo da isquemia ou da segunda operaÃÃo simulada (Sham). Os ratos do grupo Simulado (GS) e do grupo Controle (GC) receberam de NaCl 0,9% (10 ml/Kg) i.p. Foram determinadas as concentraÃÃes de substÃncias reativas ao Ãcido tiobarbitÃrico (TBARS) e glutationa reduzida (GSH) no tecido (testÃculo), e a capacidade antioxidante total (CAP) do plasma. Para determinaÃÃo do padrÃo de distribuiÃÃo das amostras utilizou-se o teste de Kolmorogov-Smirnov. As comparaÃÃes entre os grupos foram feitas utilizando-se o t teste ou o teste U de Mann-Whittney quando assim indicado. Para as comparaÃÃes dos grupos tratados com antioxidantes ao grupo Controle (GC) utilizou-se o teste de Dunnett. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significantes. A torÃÃo do cordÃo espermÃtico induziu uma reduÃÃo significante das concentraÃÃes de MDA, no tempo mÃximo de isquemia e na reperfusÃo, em tratos prÃ-tratados com DMSO (GD) e LA (GA) e durante a reperfusÃo naqueles prÃ-tratados com TN/DMSO (GT/D), comparados com seus respectivos controles. Os nÃveis de MDA estavam significantemente elevados nos ratos do grupo GC comparados aos animais do grupo GS, no tempo mÃximo de isquemia e durante a reperfusÃo, bem como uma hora apÃs a destorÃÃo (T-1) comparada ao T-0, demonstrando o dano adicional decorrente do afluxo de sangue oxigenado (reperfusÃo) ao tecido isquÃmico. As concentraÃÃes de GSH diminuÃram nos ratos prÃ-tratados com soluÃÃo salina e aumentaram significativamente nos ratos prÃ-tratados com DMSO ou LA, no tempo mÃximo de isquemia e durante a reperfusÃo. O modelo isquÃmico utilizado nÃo foi capaz de gerar efeitos sistÃmicos. A capacidade antioxidante total aumentou significantemente durante a reperfusÃo (T-1) nos ratos prÃ-tratados com LA (GA) e TN/DMSO (GT/D) comparados aos respectivos controles. Esses resultados fortalecem a hipÃtese de que a isquemia e reperfusÃo sÃo processos geradores de radicais livres. Os diferentes antioxidantes estudados mostraram grande eficiÃncia na proteÃÃo da membrana celular, reduzindo a peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica, em todos os experimentos. O aumento dos nÃveis de glutationa reduzida, nos ratos prÃ-tratados com DMSO e LA, mostra que estes antioxidantes exercem uma proteÃÃo eficaz contra o estresse oxidativo induzido pela isquemia/reperfusÃo em ratos submetidos à torÃÃo do cordÃo espermÃtico por trÃs horas. Os efeitos protetores da ternatina se manifestam com maior intensidade no tecido isquÃmico, no controle da peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica.