• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 7
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 12
  • 12
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Acides aminés et cancer : LAT1, un transporteur essentiel à l’activité mTORC1 et la croissance tumorale / Amino acids and cancer : LAT1, a transporter essential for mTORC1 activity and tumor growth

Cormerais, Yann 22 July 2016 (has links)
Dans le but de maintenir leur métabolisme et leur prolifération exacerbée, les tumeurs sont dépendantes d’un apport accru en acides aminés. Afin d'optimiser cet apport, les tumeurs surexpriment certains transporteurs clés tels que l'hétérodimère multifonctionnel CD98/LAT1. CD98 (SLC3A2) agit comme co-récepteur des intégrines β et amplifie leur signalisation régulant ainsi la migration et l'adhésion cellulaire. La protéine LAT1 (SLC7A5) est quant à elle responsable du transport des acides aminés (AA) essentiels. Des études antérieures ont suggéré que la fonction CD98/intégrines du complexe est essentielle à la croissance tumorale, alors que LAT1 aurait un rôle mineur dans ce contexte. Cependant, les besoins nutritifs accrus des cellules tumorales nous ont conduit à émettre l’hypothèse contraire selon laquelle l’avantage prolifératif donné par ce complexe serait en réalité supporté par l’activité du transporteur LAT1 et non pas par l’interaction CD98/intégrine. Dans ce contexte, j’ai montré que l’invalidation génétique ou pharmacologique de LAT1 dans différentes lignées tumorales entraine une suppression totale du transport de la leucine, sodium-indépendant. Ceci entrainant une perte d’homéostasie des AA avec l’activation de la voie de stress GCN2, l’inhibition de mTORC1 et la suppression de la croissance tumorale. De plus, l’invalidation génétique de CD98 ne s’est traduite par aucun phénotype visible. Cependant, la suppression de l'activité résiduelle de LAT1 de ces cellules est suffisante pour abolir leur potentiel tumoral. Ainsi, mes résultats démontrent le rôle clé de LAT1 dans la croissance tumorale en faisant ainsi une cible thérapeutique prometteuse. / Tumours rely on external amino acids (AA) uptake to maintain their exacerbated metabolism and proliferation. To optimize AA uptake, tumors overexpress key carriers such as the multifunctional CD98/LAT 1 heterodimer. CD98 (SLC3A2) acts as a co-receptor of β integrins and enhances signaling that promotes cellular migration and invasion. LAT1 (SLC7A5) is responsible for the transport of essential AA. Previous studies have suggested that the CD98/integrin axis of the complex is essential for tumour growth, while LAT1 activity is dispensible. However, the increased nutritional requirements of tumor cells led us to hypothesize that the proliferative advantage given by this complex is in fact supported by the AA transporter activity of LAT1 and not by the CD98/integrin activity. In this context, I have shown that genetic or pharmacological invalidation of LAT1 in various tumor cell lines leads to a complete removal of the sodium-independent leucine transport. This leads to a loss of AA homeostasis with activation of the GCN2 stress pathway, inhibition of mTORC1 and supression of tumour growth. In addition, genetic invalidation of CD98 did not result in any detectable phenotype. However, inhibition of the residual activity of LAT1 in CD98 knockout cells is sufficient to abolish their tumorigenicity. Thus, my results clearly demonstrate the fundamental role of LAT1 in tumour growth and advocate the pharmacology development of LAT1 transporter inhibitors as very promising anticancer agents.
12

Caracterização fisiológica e do perfil de expressão gênica do transporte de nitrogênio em genótipos contrastantes para processo de fixação biológica de N2 de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) / Physiological characterization and gene expression profile of the transport of nitrogen in contrasting cultivars for biological nitrogen fixation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Layanne Batista Souza 29 January 2016 (has links)
A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura agrícola de grande importância econômica para o Brasil, e a expansão de seu cultivo para solos marginais requer uma maior utilização de fertilizantes à base de nitrogênio (N). Na maioria dos países produtores, a adubação nitrogenada se baseia em altas doses de aplicação, enquanto, no Brasil, o seu uso é relativamente baixo devido, em parte, ao processo de fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) pela ação de bactérias diazotróficas. Além da FBN, as plantas adquirem fontes de N, como amônio e nitrato, por meio de transportadores de membranas localizados nas raízes. Há evidências que a associação com microrganismos pode favorecer as plantas por meio da regulação dos genes de transportadores de N. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o transporte de amônio e nitrato, avaliando a expressão gênica dos principais transportadores de N em cana-de-açúcar cultivada in vitro sob o efeito da associação com bactérias diazotróficas. Também foi descrita a comunidade bacteriana de plântulas in vitro, bem como o efeito da fertilização com N e da inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas em plantas maduras. Plântulas de \'SP70- 1143\' e \'Chunee\', que contrastam para FBN, foram empregadas em ensaios in vitro sob diversas concentrações e fontes de N em associação ou não com uma estirpe de Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus ou um mistura de bactérias diazotróficas (G. diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, H. rubrisubalbicans, Azospirillum amazonense e Burkholderia tropica). A caracterização do transporte de N por meio de ensaios de absorção de nitrato e amônio marcados (15N) revelou que a interação entre cana-de-açúcar x G. diazotrophicus induziu a expressão do gene do transportador de nitrato ScNRT2.1, o que levou a uma tendência no aumento no influxo de nitrato, assim como dos genes de transportadores de amônio ScAMT1.1 e ScAMT1.3, resultando em maiores influxos de amônio apenas para a cultivar \'SP70- 1143\'. Já a associação da cana-de-açúcar com a mistura de bactérias diazotróficas revelou que somente houve indução transcricional de ScAMT1.1, o que resultou na maior absorção de amônio em \'SP70-1143\'. Por sua vez, quando analisada a interação in vitro por 30 dias, a presença da bactéria, apesar de transiente, possivelmente favoreceu a expressão dos genes de transportadores de nitrato ScNRT1.1 e ScNRT2.1, e do transportador de amônio ScAMT1.1, resultando no maior acúmulo de 15N-nitrato de amônio nas plantas de \'SP70-1143\'. Foi detectada uma comunidade bacteriana associada a plântulas micropropagadas, a qual é distinta entre os genótipos \'SP70-1143\' e \'Chunee\' e se altera com a inoculação com G. diazotrophicus. Para as plantas cultivadas em campo, a comunidade bacteriana existente foi alterada pela fertilização de N, mas não pela inoculação com diazotróficas. Portanto, a inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas parece induzir a expressão dos principais genes transportadores de amônio e nitrato em plântulas do genótipo \'SP70-1143\' resultando na maior absorção de fontes inorgânicas de N. / Sugarcane has a large economic importance to Brazil, and it\'s the expansion of cultivation to marginal soils requires a larger application of nitrogen fertilizers (N) to maintain yield. In most producing countries, N fertilization is based on high application rates, whereas in Brazil N fertilization is relatively low, possibly due in part, to the process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). In addition, plants acquire inorganic N sources from the soil by membrane transporters that may be regulated by association with microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the ammonium and nitrate transport evaluating the gene expression profile of the major transporters grown in vitro in association with diazotrophic bacteria. It was also described the bacterial community in micropropagated plants, as well as the effect of N fertilization or inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria in mature plants. \'SP70-1143\' and \'Chunee\' which contrasted to BNF, were used in in vitro experiments in several concentrations and N source, in association or not with a strain of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus or a bacteria mixture (G. diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, H. rubrisubalbicans, Azospirillum amazonense and Burkholderia tropica). The characterization of the N transport by uptake assays with 15N-labeled ammonium and nitrate, revealed that the interaction between sugarcane x G. diazotrophicus induced, the nitrate transporter gene ScNRT2.1 expression, which lead to trend to increase nitrate influx, as well as the ammonium transporter genes ScAMT1.1 and ScAMT1.3, resulting in higher ammonium influx in \'SP70-1143\'. Sugarcane associated with the bacterial mixture revealed a transcriptional induction of ScAMT1.1 resulting in larger ammonium acquisition in \'SP70-1143\'. Further, the presence of bacteria in vitro for 30 days, although transient, possibly favored the expression of nitrate transporters ScNRT1.1 and ScNRT2.1, and the ammonium transporter ScAMT1.1, resulting in accumulation of 15N-ammonium nitrate in \'SP70-1143\'. A bacterial community associated with in vitro plants of \'SP70-1143\' and \'Chunee\' was detected with different composition between genotypes, and which changed with artificial inoculation. For plants grown in the field, the bacterial community was affected by N fertilization but not by inoculation with diazotrophic. These results indicate that the inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria appears to induce the expression of the major ammonium and nitrate transporters genes in \'SP70-1143\' plants resulting in higher uptake of inorganic N sources.

Page generated in 0.0611 seconds