Men’s underutilization of mental health services continues to be one of the most consistent findings in the help-seeking literature. Many scholars suggest that the culture of therapy may be at odds with masculine socialization and men who might be most in need of help are not seeking or receiving it. Interestingly, this aversion to seeking help is not reflected in the recent growth in the practice of executive coaching. However, no studies have investigated coaching as an alternative treatment option. The purpose of this study was to explore men’s attitudes and preferences about seeking professional help based on practitioner title (psychologist or executive coach), examine the stigma of seeking professional help based on intervention (therapy or executive coaching), and provide additional data on barriers to seeking help. It was hypothesized that men’s conformity to masculine norms would be related to attitudes, stigma, and preferences for seeking help in several important ways. First, most men would have more positive attitudes toward seeking help from executive coaching than therapy. Second, differences in attitudes would be most pronounced for more “traditional” men. Third, executive coaching was expected to be less stigmatizing than therapy. Finally, although men might view a psychologist as more expert and trustworthy, coaching would be a more attractive treatment option. Two-hundred-nine working adult men in the U.S. participated in the online study. After filling out demographic information and assessing their conformity to masculine norms and help-seeking attitudes, participants chose one of three audio vignettes depicting a man getting professional help for a work concern. Afterwards, their attitudes toward seeking help, evaluations of the session, and ratings of stigma for the vignette character were collected. Participants also listed reasons for and against seeking professional help. Results indicate that men in the study had similar help-seeking attitudes for therapy and executive coaching; however, conformity to masculine norms predicted stigma for seeking help, and therapy was viewed as the more stigmatizing intervention. Several interesting themes around reasons for and against seeking help for both modalities also emerged. Implications of the study, as well as limitations and directions for future research, are discussed. / text

The purpose of this study was to explore heterosexual bias in the diagnosis and treatment of gay males. Two hundred-fifty (134 males and 116 females) mental health professionals from the Division of Psychotherapy (29) of the American Psychological Association participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two case history conditions, which presented a 35-year-old male seeking therapy. Both conditions were equivalent with regards to the presenting problem (i.e., diagnostic symptoms) with the exception of his significant other (i.e., gay vs. non-gay condition). Potential bias was measured through a diagnostic rating Likert scale and a treatment plan questionnaire. Other independent variables that could potentially have an effect on diagnostic ratings were explored, such as gender, year of graduation, and theoretical orientation of the respondents. Results of the statistical analyses failed to confirm evidence of heterosexual bias. Implications for further research and training are discussed.

This study examined the effects of behavior change on psychological health among gay and bisexual men of Portland, Oregon who were at risk for contracting AIDS. Cross-sectional self-reports of personal experiences were obtained in Summer, 1991. Sexual behaviors were used as predictors of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being. Adopting safer sexual behaviors was psychologically more costly than continuing to engage in high risk behaviors, or long-term adherence to safer behaviors. Behaviors amenable to short-term change differed from those conducive to long-term maintenance. Behavior change was also found to have a beneficial effect on self-efficacy. These findings suggest that behavior change, traditionally considered as the endpoint of a process, might more appropriately be considered as an interim stage influenced by earlier, and having an influence on later, psychological health. By integrating models of behavior change from research on alcohol and drug use, smoking, and weight control, researchers studying AIDS-related behavior might better understand the place of behavior change in the process of change, relapse, and maintenance.

The present study examined psychosocial variables as predictors of psychological distress and well-being in gay men with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The psychosocial variables investigated included communal and agentic personality variables, social support, as well as social hindrance, and self-determination variables. The total sample comprised 126 gay men. Forty-eight were seropositive for the HIV infection, 40 received a diagnosis of AIDS, and 38 were seronegative for the HIV infection. The participants with HIV and AIDS were recruited from Immunodeficiency clinics and the HIV$-$ participants were friends and acquaintances of the HIV+ and AIDS participants. The three groups of participants completed questionnaires assessing stable personality traits such as dependency and self-criticism, intimacy, affiliation, achievement, and power strivings, perceived and received social support, social hindrance of personal strivings, and levels of self-determination such as introjective and identified striving motivation. / Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive utility of each independent variable in predicting psychological distress and well-being. Perceived social support, striving intimacy, and striving achievement were found to be negatively associated with distress and positively associated with well-being across the three groups. Dependency, self-criticism, social hindrance, social hindrance of striving power, and introjective striving motivation were positively associated with distress and negatively with well-being. When all significant independent variables were entered in a regression analysis and simultaneously predicted the outcome variables, perceived social support, self-criticism and social hindrance of strivings significantly predicted psychological distress, and perceived social support, self-criticism, identified and introjective striving motivation predicted psychological well-being. Several independent variables were stronger predictors of distress in the HIV+ group than in the AIDS group: striving power, social hindrance of striving power, dependency, and perceived social support. Results suggest that the HIV+ group is distinct psychologically from the AIDS group. The self-concept theory and the cognitive adaptation theory were discussed in order to explain these group differences. The findings of the present study highlight the important impact psychosocial variables can have on the psychological adjustment of gay men with HIV and AIDS.

No description available.

This study uses a multiple regression correlational (MRC) analytic approach to examine the association between witnessing violence and reactive aggression, post-traumatic stress, and insecure attachment. One hundred adult male California State University students were surveyed using the Conflict Tactics Scale, the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment scale, the Child Report of Post Traumatic Symptoms scale, the Conduct Disorder scale, and the Modified Impact of Events scale.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Literature and Philosophy)) --University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study is to examine the violation of men’s rights in selected Xitsonga drama texts. The study is guided by qualitative approach. The approach involves collecting and analysing non - numerical data to understand concepts, opinions or experiences. In this study purposive sampling is employed. The researcher deliberately chooses who to include in the study based on their ability to provide the necessary data. Data are collected using content and document analysis from sampled drama texts. Like other analytical methods in qualitative research methods, documents analysis requires that data be examined and interpreted in order to elicit meaning, gain understanding and develop empirical knowledge. The advantage of document analysis includes, efficiency which means that it is not time consuming but is more efficient than other research methods. Its effectiveness entails that it is less costly and makes it the method of choice. Thematic analysis is also used as the method of systematically identifying, organising and offering insight into patterns of meaning (themes) across dataset. The process involves a careful more focussed, re – reading and review of data. Two main reasons to use thematic analysis are its accessibility and flexibility. Nhlonipha theory is tested in this study. Hlonipha can be described as politeness register originating from Nguni and primarily used by Zulu women before and after marriage (Rudwick & Msibi, 2016). The motive behind using this theory is that if you hlonipha you cannot violate another person’s rights but you will have to respect them. The study finds out that men become victims of abuse, and the violation of their rights is just as criminal as the violation of the rights of their female counterparts. This study also inspires harmony and peaceful coexistence among consumers of its content. It is recommended that more studies of similar kind should be undertaken to influence humanity to desist from violating the rights of other human beings. KEYWORDS Man abuse, woman abuse, child abuse, human rights, violation of rights, nhlonipha

Older gay men and lesbians may be at greater risk for depression than older sexual majority adults due to a lifetime of sexual minority stress. We hypothesize that aggression and being single are positively associated with depression. Resilience is negatively associated with depression. Aggression, being single and resilience account for a significant proportion of variance in depression. Resilience moderates the relationship between aggression and depression. Significant differences between older gay men and older lesbians' aggression, resilience and depression scores exist. For our older gay men and lesbian combined group, a moderation analysis indicated that in addition to aggression and resilience, being single significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 57% of the variance in depression. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between aggression and depression in our model of older gay men and lesbians. For our older gay men-only group a moderation analysis (indicated that and resilience significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 57% of the variance in depression. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between aggression and depression in our model, in our sample of older gay men. Four our lesbian-only group a moderation analysis indicated that being single and resilience significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 54% of the variance in depression.

Renewed efforts are needed to address rapidly rising HIV incidence among sexual and gender diverse (SGD) individuals—particularly cisgender gay, bisexual, and other men (MSM) and transgender and nonbinary individuals (TSM) who have sex with men—in Kazakhstan. Intervention research is uniquely positioned to advance HIV prevention through surveying factors shaping the HIV epidemic among MSM and TSM in Kazakhstan, developing and testing the effects of an HIV prevention intervention, and assessing overall social impacts of conducting research. This research proceeded to describe strategies and lessons learned during implementation of a stepped wedge clinical trial of an intervention designed to increase the number of MSM and TSM in the HIV care continuum in Kazakhstan cities of Almaty, Shymkent, and Nur-Sultan. Thus, this three-paper dissertation aimed to: (1) identify psychosocial factors associated with lifetime, past-12-month, and past-6-month HIV testing among a sample of MSM and TSM enrolled in the clinical trial; (2) describe the process of implementing remote training of facilitators for remotely delivering the HIV preventive intervention; and (3) assess social impacts of participating in the clinical trial. MSM and TSM from the study cities were recruited into the clinical trial and administered a structured behavioral survey at their primary visit and at follow-up visits every six months thereafter. After a period of no intervention implementation (‘pre-implementation period’), the intervention was implemented sequentially every six months in the study cities. Among 304 MSM and TSM enrolled in the clinical trial during the pre-implementation period, lifetime and past-12-month HIV testing were positively associated with polydrug use and negatively with sexual transmission HIV risk, and past-6-month HIV testing was negatively associated with sexual risk. The process of developing and implementing remote training of facilitators was guided by a protocol outlining phases involving formative assessment and planning, fundamentals training, and feedback loop and technical assistance. Out of 627 MSM and TSM who completed their primary assessment during the clinical trial, 579 (92%) returned for at least one follow-up visit; of these individuals, 88% reported at least one positive social impact, while 2% reported at least one negative social impact. Findings underscore the value of expanding access to substance use treatment for HIV prevention among MSM and TSM in Kazakhstan, the viability of remote training of facilitators for remote intervention delivery, and the feasibility of conducting HIV prevention research involving MSM and TSM with many benefits and few risks.

Liong Chan-ching Mario. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Mental Health Deterioration in Unemployment Process / Is Unemployment Status Responsible for the Mental Health Deterioration / Masculine Gender Role Worsens Mental Health During Unemployment / Chapter Chapter Three --- Objectives and Hypotheses --- p.9 / Objective and Significance of the Present Study / Variables and Factors in the Study / Hypotheses / Chapter Chapter Four --- Methodology --- p.12 / Participants / Procedures / Questionnaire / Chapter Chapter Five --- Results --- p.20 / Operationalizaing Socio-economic Status and Financial Responsibility / Exploratory Factor Analysis on Gender Role Conflict Scale / Psychological Variables / Internal Consistencies of the Scales Used / "Intercorrelations Among Demographic Variables, Psychological Variables, and Psychological Distress" / Hierarchical Multiple Regression / Chapter Chapter Six --- Discussion --- p.63 / Gender Role Conflict in Action / Limitations and Further Studies / Implications and Suggestions / Conclusion / Bibliography --- p.72 / Appendix Questionnaire Used in the Present Study --- p.80