Originally presented as the author's Thesis (M.A.)--Hebrew University.

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Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften--Berlin--Freie Universität Berlin, 2006. / Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Der @Einfluss der Sprache der Mischna auf das Werk von Mendele Mocher Sefarim / Mohammad Al Qar'a. Contient un résumé en allemand. Bibliogr. p. 398-403.

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Scholarship on the founder of modern Jewish literature, Sholem Abramovitch (1836-1917), is a rich field of study, yet it has been largely abandoned today, and the author has hardly been studied at all in nineteenth-century comparative European context. This study uses an unprecedented comparison between Abramovitch and his contemporary, Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881), to reveal the complexity with which Abramovitch pioneered the integration of European and Russian literary trends into Jewish literature. These writers came from very different cultures and literary situations; however, they also shared many of the same influences due to their shared location in Tsarist Russia in the mid nineteenth century. During this time, the cultural sources and social preoccupations of their intelligentsias increasingly converged, producing a shared zeitgeist which – in combination with their similar early experiences and tendencies for dialogism (contradictory duality) – led to their many literary intersections. A comparison of their oeuvres reveals similar replacements of Gogol’s condescension toward poor protagonists with compassion, subversions of the feuilleton in the service of social critique, unprecedented uses of the “dialogic word,” new variations on the European theme of the “fantastic city,” applications of contemporary concepts such as “necessary egoism” and “free will” to the psyche of the downtrodden, enlistments of the Devil to warn against the dangers of Utilitarianism, and literary efforts to bridge the gap between the classes which include a convergence between romanticism and religion. Though Abramovitch has been designated as a satirist and realist, this study shows how he also pioneered the integration of romanticism into Jewish literature through, psychological penetration of the poor, and themes such as: the truth inherent in emotion, the subconscious and folklore, the transcendent wisdom of the people, and the divine meaning of nature. Abramovitch has been compared on isolated themes with other Russian writers, such as Turgenev, Shchedrin and Gogol; however, only a comparison with Dostoevsky can reveal the nuance and complexity of his many formal and thematic achievements. / Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations

A presente tese aborda o primeiro livro escrito em ídiche por Mêndele Môikher1 Sfórim, Dos Kleine Mêntshele (O Pequeno Homenzinho) através de várias leituras do mesmo, em mais de uma versão, às quais sucedeu-se uma traduçãocuidadosa para o português. Faz considerações e referências sobre vida e obra do autor, cognominado jocosamente, por Shólem Aleikhem, de o avô da moderna literatura ídiche. Ele foi também um dos precursores do ressurgimento da língua hebraica. Shólem Yákov Abramovitsh, seu verdadeiro nome, foi um dos importantes intelectuais conscientes do momento histórico e do processo linguístico de seu povo, no final do século XIX, no leste europeu, ao qual propunha auto respeito, profissionalização e não renegação do judaísmo. A escolha de seu pseudônimo, Mêndele, o vendedor de livros, serve de pretexto para a sua participação como personagem das histórias, dada a importância e atuação de tal profissional na sociedade retratada. O texto ídiche é permeado de frases e citações em hebraico que foram trazidas para o português no mesmo padrão de linguagem do texto original. / This dissertation studies Dos Kleine Mentshele The Little Man the first book ever written in yiddish by the writer Mendele Moikher Sforim through many readings of it in more that one version, followed by careful translation into Portuguese. It makes considerations and references about Mendeles life and work. He was nicknamed by Sholem Aleikhem the grandfather of the Modern Yiddish Literature. He was one of the precursors of the revival of the Hebrew language. Sholem Yakov Abramovitch, his real name, was one of the most important intellectuals aware of the historical moment and of the linguistic process of his people at the end of the 19th century in Eastern Europe, and suggested self respect, professionalization and no Jewish denial for the historical moment and the linguistic process. The choice of his pen name, Mendele, the book peddler, allows his participation as personage of his stories because the significance and acting od such professional in the described society. The Yiddish text is permeated by Hebrew sentences and quotations brought to Portuguese at the same linguistic level.

A presente tese aborda o primeiro livro escrito em ídiche por Mêndele Môikher1 Sfórim, Dos Kleine Mêntshele (O Pequeno Homenzinho) através de várias leituras do mesmo, em mais de uma versão, às quais sucedeu-se uma traduçãocuidadosa para o português. Faz considerações e referências sobre vida e obra do autor, cognominado jocosamente, por Shólem Aleikhem, de o avô da moderna literatura ídiche. Ele foi também um dos precursores do ressurgimento da língua hebraica. Shólem Yákov Abramovitsh, seu verdadeiro nome, foi um dos importantes intelectuais conscientes do momento histórico e do processo linguístico de seu povo, no final do século XIX, no leste europeu, ao qual propunha auto respeito, profissionalização e não renegação do judaísmo. A escolha de seu pseudônimo, Mêndele, o vendedor de livros, serve de pretexto para a sua participação como personagem das histórias, dada a importância e atuação de tal profissional na sociedade retratada. O texto ídiche é permeado de frases e citações em hebraico que foram trazidas para o português no mesmo padrão de linguagem do texto original. / This dissertation studies Dos Kleine Mentshele The Little Man the first book ever written in yiddish by the writer Mendele Moikher Sforim through many readings of it in more that one version, followed by careful translation into Portuguese. It makes considerations and references about Mendeles life and work. He was nicknamed by Sholem Aleikhem the grandfather of the Modern Yiddish Literature. He was one of the precursors of the revival of the Hebrew language. Sholem Yakov Abramovitch, his real name, was one of the most important intellectuals aware of the historical moment and of the linguistic process of his people at the end of the 19th century in Eastern Europe, and suggested self respect, professionalization and no Jewish denial for the historical moment and the linguistic process. The choice of his pen name, Mendele, the book peddler, allows his participation as personage of his stories because the significance and acting od such professional in the described society. The Yiddish text is permeated by Hebrew sentences and quotations brought to Portuguese at the same linguistic level.