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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Host responses and bacterial virulence factors in Neisseria infections /

Johansson, Linda, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
32

Doença meningocócica invasiva nas capitais da Região Sul do Brasil: características e tendências / Invasive meningococcal disease in the capitals of the Southern Region of Brazil: characteristics and trends

Masuda, Eliana Tiemi 21 May 2018 (has links)
Objetivos: Analisar a tendência, descrever mudanças no comportamento da doença meningocócica invasiva (DMI) e estimar o impacto da vacina conjugada do meningococo C (VCMC) nas capitais da região Sul do Brasil, no período de 1991 a 2015, assim como, investigar as características sociodemográficas, econômicas e de intervenções tecnológicas associadas aos casos pertencentes a cluster da doença no município de Curitiba (PR), no período de 2001 a 2014. Métodos: As áreas de estudo englobaram as capitais da Região Sul do Brasil: Curitiba (PR), Florianópolis (SC) e Porto Alegre (RS), a população de estudo abrangeu os casos de DMI notificados entre 1991 a 2015 à vigilância da doença e residentes nessas capitais. A definição de caso adotada foi a padronizada pelo Ministério da Saúde. As fontes de dados foram: vigilância da DMI, o Instituto Adolfo Lutz, o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e o Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano de Curitiba. A tendência da incidência e mortalidade da DMI foi determinada pelo modelo de regressão polinomial. A intensidade e a direção da relação linear entre a taxa de incidência e os indicadores socioeconômicos, de saúde e sorogrupo foram analisadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O impacto da VCMC foi estimado pela Fração Prevenida na População, comparando as taxas de incidência de 2012 e 2015 com as de 2009. Investigou-se os potenciais fatores associados a casos pertencentes a cluster no período de 2001 a 2014 por meio das estimativas de odds ratio não ajustada e ajustadas pela regressão logística múltipla não condicional, com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: No período de estudo, a DMI apresentou três comportamentos distintos nas capitais da região sul: i) epidêmico na década de 1990, ii) declínio das taxas na década de 2000, antes da introdução da VCMC na rotina de imunização e, iii) estacionário com taxas baixas entre 2011 e 2015, sob a influência da VCMC. Observamos nesses períodos a influência de fatores biológicos, socioeconômicos e de saúde na incidência dessas capitais. No estudo mais detalhado em Curitiba, apresentou-se associado aos casos pertencentes a cluster, ajustados no tempo e pela idade, residir em bairros de baixa renda (OR: 2,3, IC95%:1,1-4,5). O sorogrupo predominante foi o B com 65,4%, seguida pelo C com 24,5% e 8,3% pelo W. Possivelmente, em virtude da baixa incidência do sorogrupo C, não se verificou a redução na incidência total da DMI, nestas capitais. Entretanto, no período posterior a VCMC, os casos pelo sorogrupo C foram raros ou zerados na faixa etária destinada a vacinação em Curitiba e Florianópolis. Em Porto Alegre foram registrados casos pelo sorogrupo C na faixa etária vacinada e o sorogrupo W se destacou. Conclusão: A partir do início desse século houve declínio expressivo da incidência da DMI nas capitais da região Sul do país, antes mesmo da introdução da vacina, aproximando-se das taxas de DMI encontradas em países de elevada renda. Tais resultados são consistentes, com trabalhos que mostram uma associação da DMI com as condições de vida e grau de desenvolvimento das populações. / Objectives: To analyze the trend and describe changes in the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and to estimate the impact of the meningococcal conjugate C vaccine (MCCV) in the capitals of the southern region of Brazil, from 1991 to 2015, as well as to investigate the sociodemographic, economic and technological interventions associated to the cases belonging in cluster of the disease in the city of Curitiba (PR), from 2001 to 2014. Methods: The study areas included the capitals of the States of Southern Brazil: Curitiba (PR), Florianópolis (SC) and Porto Alegre (RS), the study population considered cases of IMD reported between 1991 and 2015 to surveillance and residents in these capitals. The IMD case definition adopted was that standardized by the Ministry of Health. The data sources were the surveillance of the IMD, the Adolfo Lutz Institute, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Institute of Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba. The trend of IMD incidence and mortality was determined by the polynomial regression model. The intensity and direction of the linear relationship between the incidence rate and socioeconomic indicators, health and serogroup were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The impact of the MCCV was estimated by the Prevented Fraction for the Population comparing the incidence rates of 2012 and 2015 with those of 2009. We investigated the potential factors associated with cases belonging in cluster between 2001 and 2014 by the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio estimates by the multiple unconditional logistic regression, with the respectives confidence intervals of 95%. Results: Between 1991 and 2015, IMD presented three distinct periods in the capitals of the southern region: i) epidemic in the 1990s, ii) decline in rates from 2000 to 2010, before the introduction of MCCV in immunization routine and (iii) stationary at low rates in 2011 to 2015, under the influence of MCCV. In this period, we observed the influence of biological, socioeconomic and health factors on the incidence of these capitals. In more detailed study in Curitiba, it was associated with cases belonging in cluster, adjusted in time and by age, to live in low-income neighborhoods (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). Serogroup B was predominant with 65,4%, followed by C with 24,5% and 8,3% by W. Possibly, due to the low incidence of serogroup C, there was no reduction in the total incidence of IMD in these capitals. However, *in the period after MCCV, serogroup C cases were rare or zero in the age group destinedfor vaccination in Curitiba and Florianópolis. In Porto Alegre, cases were registered by serogroup C in the vaccinated age group and serogroup W was relevant. Conclusion: From the beginning of this century there was a significant decline in the incidence of IMD in the capitals of the southern region of the country, even before the introduction of the vaccine, approaching IMD rates found in high income countries. These results are consistent, with studies showing an association of IMD with living conditions and the degree of population development.
33

Estudo da ocorrência de meningites não meningocócicas no município de Ribeirão Preto - SP, no período de 1998 a 2005 / Study of the incidence of non-meningo coccal meningitis in Ribeirao Preto(Brasil) in the years 1998 to 2005.

Freitas, Carlos Alberto Pedreira de 23 November 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a ocorrência de meningites não meningo cócicas no município de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, no período compreendido entre 1998 e 2005. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo centralizado na Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, a partir dos registros do Sistema Nacional de Informação das Doenças de Notificação Compulsória (SINAN W). No período avaliado foram notificados e confirmados 1411 casos de meningites não meningocócicas. Observou-se ocorrência predominante no sexo masculino (62.9%), em todas as faixas de idade. O grupo etário mais atingido foi o das crianças de 5 a 9 anos (24.7%), seguido pelos indivíduos de 1 a 4 anos (23.5%). O grupo de 30 anos ou mais correspondeu a 20.5% dos casos, enquanto os menores de um ano de idade representaram 8.9% das ocorrências. No que diz respeito à etiologia, verificou-se predomínio das meningites virais (58.7%), seguidas das bacterianas (26.3%), de etiologia pneumocócica (5.7%) e das causadas por outros agentes (4.2%). Em 3.1% dos casos a etiologia não foi determi nada. Quanto à evolução clínica, observou-se cura em 89.2% e ocorrência de óbito em 9.4%, sendo que em 1.4% dos casos essa informação não foi registrada. Seqüelas foram referidas em 1.7% dos pacientes, com ausência dessa informação em 65.5% do total de casos. / The purpose of this investigation was to study the incidence and some charac teristics of non-meningococcal meningitis in Ribeirao Preto (Brazil) in the years 1998 to 2005. A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out using data from the National System of Compulsory Diseases Notification (SINAN W) of Ribeirao Preto Health Department. A total of 1411 cases of non-meningococcal meningitis were reported and confirmed. The general occurrence was higher for males (62.9%). The most affected groups were children from 5 to 9 years of age (24.7%), followed by the group from 1 to 4 years (23.5%). The age group of 30 years or above represented 20.5% of the cases and children under one year registered 8.9% of the total. Regarding etiology, the most frequent was viral (58.7%), followed by bacterial (26.3%), pneumococcal (5.7%), and other parasites (4.2%). For 3.1% of the cases the etiology of meningitis was not ascertained. Recovery occurred in 89.2% of the patients, 9.4% died from the disease and the information was unknown for 1.4% of them. Sequelae were reported in 1.7% of cases, but this information was lacking for 65.5% of the patients.
34

Estudo da ocorrência de meningites não meningocócicas no município de Ribeirão Preto - SP, no período de 1998 a 2005 / Study of the incidence of non-meningo coccal meningitis in Ribeirao Preto(Brasil) in the years 1998 to 2005.

Carlos Alberto Pedreira de Freitas 23 November 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a ocorrência de meningites não meningo cócicas no município de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, no período compreendido entre 1998 e 2005. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo centralizado na Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, a partir dos registros do Sistema Nacional de Informação das Doenças de Notificação Compulsória (SINAN W). No período avaliado foram notificados e confirmados 1411 casos de meningites não meningocócicas. Observou-se ocorrência predominante no sexo masculino (62.9%), em todas as faixas de idade. O grupo etário mais atingido foi o das crianças de 5 a 9 anos (24.7%), seguido pelos indivíduos de 1 a 4 anos (23.5%). O grupo de 30 anos ou mais correspondeu a 20.5% dos casos, enquanto os menores de um ano de idade representaram 8.9% das ocorrências. No que diz respeito à etiologia, verificou-se predomínio das meningites virais (58.7%), seguidas das bacterianas (26.3%), de etiologia pneumocócica (5.7%) e das causadas por outros agentes (4.2%). Em 3.1% dos casos a etiologia não foi determi nada. Quanto à evolução clínica, observou-se cura em 89.2% e ocorrência de óbito em 9.4%, sendo que em 1.4% dos casos essa informação não foi registrada. Seqüelas foram referidas em 1.7% dos pacientes, com ausência dessa informação em 65.5% do total de casos. / The purpose of this investigation was to study the incidence and some charac teristics of non-meningococcal meningitis in Ribeirao Preto (Brazil) in the years 1998 to 2005. A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out using data from the National System of Compulsory Diseases Notification (SINAN W) of Ribeirao Preto Health Department. A total of 1411 cases of non-meningococcal meningitis were reported and confirmed. The general occurrence was higher for males (62.9%). The most affected groups were children from 5 to 9 years of age (24.7%), followed by the group from 1 to 4 years (23.5%). The age group of 30 years or above represented 20.5% of the cases and children under one year registered 8.9% of the total. Regarding etiology, the most frequent was viral (58.7%), followed by bacterial (26.3%), pneumococcal (5.7%), and other parasites (4.2%). For 3.1% of the cases the etiology of meningitis was not ascertained. Recovery occurred in 89.2% of the patients, 9.4% died from the disease and the information was unknown for 1.4% of them. Sequelae were reported in 1.7% of cases, but this information was lacking for 65.5% of the patients.
35

Meningite meningocócica no município de São Paulo no período de 1968 - 1974: aspectos epidemiológicos / Meningococcal meningitis in the city of São Paulo from 1968 to 1974: epidemiological aspects

Iversson, Lygia Busch 08 October 1975 (has links)
O autor fez um estudo epidemiológico sobre a meningite meningocócica no município de São Paulo durante o período de janeiro de 1971 a junho de 1974. Durante esse período duas epidemias de moléstia ocorreram na área estudada. A primeira se iniciou em julho de 1971 e foi causada pelo meningococo sorogrupo C. Os primeiros casos da segunda epidemia, determinada pelo meningococo sorogrupo A, foram observados em abril de 1974, ocasião em que a primeira epidemia ainda não havia terminado. O número total de casos confirmados notificados ao Departamento Regional da Saúde da Grande são Paulo foi de 4.431. Os maiores coeficientes de morbidade foram observados: durante os meses frios; nos distritos sanitários da periferia do município, onde vive a população de menor poder aquisitivo; nos latentes. Durante os dois primeiros meses das duas epidemias, houve uma diferença significante nos grupos etários mais atingidos pela moléstia. Enquanto na primeira epidemia o grupo dos latentes foi mais atingido, na segunda epidemia grande número de casos ocorreu entre os adolescentes e adultos jovens (15-24 anos). A letalidade decresceu de 15,0por cento durante o período pré-epidêmico de 1968-1970 para 7,9por cento no periodo epidêmico de 1971-1974. Foi observada uma variação sazonal da letalidade no sentido inverso ao da morbidade. O autor considera que as migrações populacionais possam ter representado um papel importante na eclosão das epidemias e sugere uma investigação futura nesse sentido. No início do trabalho foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre vacinação antimeningocócica, uma vez que a mesma parece ser o meio mais eficaz para a profilaxia da moléstia, ao lado de diagnóstico precoce e adequado atendimento médico-hospitalar. / The author has made an epidemological study of meningococal meningitis in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil (population in 1970 - 5.931.935 inhabitants) during the period ranging from january 1971 to june 1974. Two outbreaks of meningococal meningitis occurred during this period in the area under study. The first one began in ju1y 1971, due to serogroup C neisseria meningitidis; the second one began in april 1974, when the first outbreak wasn\'t yet finished. It was caused by serogroup A neisseria meningitidis. The total number of cases reported to Great São Paulo Health Department through the time of the investigation, was 4.431. The attack rates were higher during the colder months. Peripheric districts, where a population of lower social class lives, had the majority of the cases. Infants were at greatest risk. There was, however, significant difference in the age of groups affected by the disease in the first month of both epidemics. lhe group of infants was more affected in the first epidemic than in the second where the disease occurred mostly among adolescents and young adults (15 to 24 years). The case-fatality ratios (deaths/cases) dscreased from 15 per cent (pre-epidemic period of 1968-1970) to 7,9 per cent (epidemic period of 1971-1974). There was a seasonal variation in the case-fatality ratio during the epidemic period: in colder months it decreased and in hotter months it increased. According to the author, the internal population migrations may have played a significant part in causing these epidemics and an investigation in this respect may throw a new light on the problem. Before starting her survey the author did a bibliographic revision on the subject of antimeningococcal vaccination, since it seems to be the most effective way for the prevention of the disease, together with an early diagnosis and adequate medical and hospital assistance.
36

Estudio del sistema complemento y de inmunocomplejos circulantes en la enfermedad meningocócica

Merino Pérez, Jesús 18 December 1983 (has links)
Se estudió la incidencia de déficits del sistema complemento en pacientes con enfermedad meningocócica, detectándose 4 pacientes con déficit completo en la actividad hemolítica mediada por el complemento (ensayo de CH50). Tres de ellos tenían un déficit completo del factor C8, dos de los cuales pertenecían a la misma familia, y el cuarto paciente presentaba un déficit parcial de C3, secundario a la presencia de un factor activador de la vía alterna del complemento, conocido con factor nefrítico, o C3-nef. En los casos con déficit de C8 se llevó a cabo un estudio familiar, detectándose otro individuo más con déficit de C( y nueve sujetos con déficit parcial (inviduos heterocigotos). Así mismo se analizaron los niveles de complejos inmunes circulantes, mediante dos tecnicas diferentes: la fijación a C1q y la unión a células Raji. Los resultados no muestran asociación entre los niveles de CIC y la severidad del cuadro clínico. / We analyzed the incidence of complement deficiencies in patients with acute meningocococcal disease. We detected four patients with recurrent meningococcal infections having a complete lack of serum haemolitical activity (CH50 assay). Three of then had a complete absence of CD8 in serum and the four patient had an aberrant activation of the alternative complement pathway due to the presence of C3-nef. Familial studies were done in the cases of C8 deficiencies, in which a fourth member was identified, together with nine individuals with a partial (heterocygotic) C8 deficiency. Finally we evaluated the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by binding to C1q or to Raji cells. Our results showed a lack of association between the severity of the disease and the levels of CIC.
37

Outlining Healthcare Utilization in Order to Develop Evidence Based Data Collection Tools for Prospective Evaluation of the Economic Burden Due to Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Canada

Gajic, Sanela 22 March 2013 (has links)
Defining health and economic burden of Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Canada is critical to inform Public Health Policy around immunization programs. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess available studies, a lack of comprehensive Canadian data to allow evaluation of total economic burden of IMD was identified in Canada. Thus, this dissertation proposes a prospective cost collection methodology tailored to Canadian data and healthcare utilization (HCU). All patient-related HCU is considered and outlined. HCU is then categorized as direct or indirect and relevant direct and indirect healthcare costs are detailed. Intangible costs are described and methodology for capturing these costs using validated quality of life instruments is proposed. As all published economic evaluations of this disease lack prospective collection of data, this study proposes the use of a patient diary to serve as a memory aid during patient cost-collection interviews.
38

Antimicrobial peptides and pathogenic Neisseria : experimental studies in mouse, man and rat /

Bergman, Peter, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
39

Molecular studies of Neisseria - host cell interactions /

Rytkönen, Anne, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
40

Genome-based characterization of Neisseria meningitidis with focus on the emergent serogroup Y disease

Törös, Bianca January 2014 (has links)
Neisseria meningitidis, also referred to as meningococcus, is one of the leading causes of epidemic meningitis and septicaemia worldwide. Despite modern treatment, meningococcal disease remains associated with a high mortality (about 10%). Meningococcal disease is mainly restricted to specific hypervirulent lineages and specific capsular groups (serogroups), which have a changing global distribution over time. At the end of the 2000s, the previously unusual serogroup Y emerged, corresponding to half of all of the invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases in Sweden by the beginning of the 2010s. The aim of this thesis is to describe the emergence of serogroup Y meningococci genetically in an effort to understand some of the factors involved in the successful spread of this group throughout Sweden. In addition, genetic typing schemes were evaluated for surveillance and outbreak investigation. Our results indicate that the currently recommended typing for surveillance of meningococci could be altered to include the factor H-binding protein (fHbp). A highly variable multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (HV-MLVA) was able to confirm connected cases in a suspected small outbreak. In addition, a strain type sharing the same porA, fetA, porB, fHbp, penA and multilocus sequence type was found to be the principal cause of the increase in serogroup Y disease. However, a deeper resolution obtained from the core genomes revealed a subtype of this strain, which was mainly responsible for the increase. Finally, when the Swedish serogroup Y genomes were compared internationally, different strains seemed to dominate in different regions. This indicates that the increase was probably not due to one or more point introductions of a strain previously known internationally but more probably multifactorial.

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