Memoire pour l'obtention de la licence es-sciences anthropologiques - 1968.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006. / Prepared for: School of Nursing. Bibliography: leaves 152-168. Also available online.

Alcohol misuse, including heavy episodic use and negative consequences, is a major public health concern and a particular problem among college students. The etiology of alcohol misuse is not well resolved, with multiple and often contradictory factors implicated in its development. Genetic factors influence alcohol misuse but few specific genes have been identified. A potential reason for these challenges is that alcohol misuse is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous; that is, there are multiple causal pathways underlying its development. Previous typologies have suggested that distinct internalizing and externalizing pathways are involved, with corresponding differences in profiles of personality, temperament, and comorbid psychopathology. Drinking motives, specifically drinking for positive reinforcement versus negative reinforcement motives, map intuitively onto such pathways and may provide a mechanism explaining their development. The aim of this project was to utilize drinking motives as intermediate phenotypic measures to investigate genetic and environmental factors contributing to the hypothesized diverging internalizing and externalizing pathways to alcohol misuse in a prospective, longitudinal sample of college students. Mixture modeling approaches identified distinct internalizing and externalizing subgroups with both quantitative and qualitative differences in traits/symptoms. The externalizing subgroup had a broader risk profile and elevated levels of both types of drinking motives, while the internalizing subgroup had specifically elevated levels of internalizing symptoms and negative reinforcement motives. Longitudinal analyses indicated stability of drinking motives throughout college and differential associations between positive/negative reinforcement motives and internalizing, externalizing, and alcohol misuse measures. Cross-lagged structural equation models pointed to a causal direction of effect of positive reinforcement motives on alcohol misuse. Finally, a series of genetic association analyses identified some promising genes and genetic variants underlying drinking motives and internalizing psychopathology, though their genetic etiologies remain largely inconclusive. The results of this project tie together several parallel lines of research on alcohol misuse and in the broader psychiatric genetics field. Findings support the existence of distinct, though not wholly separate, internalizing and externalizing subgroups, and suggest that the intermediate mechanisms of drinking motives are a valuable tool through which to understand these heterogeneous pathways to alcohol misuse.

Background: Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is an umbrella term for the long-term physical, cognitive, and mental health conditions survivors live with long after an ICU discharge. Mental health conditions experienced by survivors include anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID ARDS who were on a ventilator are particularly at risk of developing long-term mental health conditions. Study Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the severity of anxiety, depression, and PTSD in adult survivors of these two ARDS conditions (COVID ARDS; ARDS) who were admitted to intensive care units and required ventilatory support in January 2020 or after. Method: Data was collected from 16 ICU survivors with previously diagnosed COVID-19 positive and -negative ARDS after 2020, greater than or equal to 1 month from ICU discharge, who were on a ventilator, a U.S. resident, and greater than or equal to 18 years old. To evaluate the severity of PICS in these survivors, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were utilized. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: This study included 16 survivors (13 COVID ARDS; 3 ARDS). Moderate to severe anxiety was higher in the ARDS group then the COVID ARDS group (66.7% vs. 53.8%). Nearly 85% of COVID ARDS survivors experienced at least moderate depression versus 100% of ARDS survivors. Both groups experienced PTSD, but ARDS survivors experienced PTSD at a level high enough to suppress the immune system (66.7% vs. 38.5%). Collectively, 56.3% and 87.5% of all survivors within the study experienced moderate to severe anxiety and depression, while 43.8% experienced the highest severity of PTSD, respectively. Discussion: This study's results reveal the extent to which survivors of ARDS and COVID ARDS develop mental illness after an ICU admission. Anxiety, depression, and PTSD can delay recovery by contributing to the development of chronic diseases. Understanding the severity of PICS symptoms is important to tailor interventions to reduce the severity of these conditions.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 338 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 318-336). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Revised thesis (Ph.D.)--Cambridge University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-164) and index.

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Section A consists of a review of the literature relating to positive contribution to families in first-episode psychosis. It highlights potential gaps in the research and possible avenues for future research. Section B presents the findings of the study. The aim of this grounded theory study was to explore whether individuals who have experienced first-episode psychosis positively contribute to their families. Additionally, the study aimed to construct an explanatory model of how positive contribution to families is viewed and supported following first-episode psychosis. Method: Fifteen participants took part in the study. Seven had direct experience of psychosis, seven were relatives and one was a partner of an individual with direct experience. Participants were interviewed separately, with the accounts analysed using Charmaz’s version of grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006). Results. The constructed theory suggested that individuals who have experienced first episode psychosis can and do contribute to their families, and that such contribution when noticed and valued can lead to an increase in well-being. The model suggests that contribution is shaped by the self-concept, the impact of psychosis, the opportunity for contribution and whether it is noticed. Conclusion. The constructed theory extends current research, and suggests that contribution can positively impact both the individual and family. Limitations and clinical implications of the research are explored and suggestions for further research given. Section C offers a focused evaluation of the research study. Topics of evaluation included reflections on the research process, learning experiences, further clinical implications and possible future research.