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Involving service users and carers in mental health education : mental health students' perspectives of the impact of direct involvement on their learning and practiceNineham, C. January 2012 (has links)
Service user involvement (SUI) in healthcare and education is an established element of government policy. Emerging research demonstrates that SUI in education can positively impact on mental health students' learning. However, limited empirical attention has been paid to the impact on practice in this area. Moreover, no research has investigated whether impact on practice is sustained. Section B describes a qualitative study exploring qualified clinical psychologists' (CPs) experiences of a placement-based service user and carer involvement (SUCI) scheme during their training. The study focused on understanding their perception of the scheme's impact on their learning and practice and whether the impact on practice was sustained. Seven CPs were interviewed, predominantly 32-33 months post-scheme. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the data. Four super-ordinate themes were identified: “Contextual and relational factors underpinning learning”; “Learning: Personal and professional development”; “The enduring impact on practice”; and “Personal reflections and meaning-making”. The findings are discussed in relation to existing literature and relevant theory, including adult learning theories and social positioning theory. The findings suggest that SUCI in placement-based learning during training can support CPs' personal and professional development and a partnership approach to practice. Two participants' experiences highlight factors raising questions regarding for whom and when SUCI may be beneficial to learning. Methodological limitations, implications for SUCI in clinical psychology training and directions for future research are presented.
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Gardening and wellbeingClatworthy, J. January 2012 (has links)
Section A is a literature review, exploring the psychological theories behind gardening-based mental health interventions and providing an overview of the current evidence to support their use. It builds on the last comprehensive review conducted in 2003, finding that the evidence-base has developed considerably over the past decade but that there is still a need for higher quality research in this field. Section B considers the value of gardening in promoting wellbeing in a non-clinical sample. A qualitative study is presented in which six suburban allotment-holders completed in-depth interviews about their allotment gardening and its perceived impact on their wellbeing. Transcripts were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Seven main themes emerged from the data: fundamental importance of food, protection and safety, feeling connected, esteem, pleasure of being in nature, development and values. Parallels were drawn between these themes and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. While each participant talked to some extent about all of the themes, a different theme was dominant for each individual, suggesting that allotments are flexible environments that may enable people to meet their individual needs, in order to enhance wellbeing. Implications for clinical and community psychology are discussed.
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Young people's beliefs about help-seeking for first episode psychosisGlossop, H. January 2012 (has links)
The importance of early intervention for positive outcomes following a first episode of psychosis (FEP) is recognised, however, there are still delays in young people seeking help. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore beliefs about help-seeking in young people who have recently experienced a FEP. Twelve participants were interviewed and transcripts were analysed using grounded theory. Five categories of beliefs were identified which contributed to the development of a preliminary model of beliefs about a need for help-seeking. Young people’s beliefs about their experiences as normal or abnormal, and about the process and outcome of help-seeking, influenced beliefs about needing help. Existing beliefs about mental health problems, and beliefs about the impact of experiences on the self were important to the meaning young people ascribed to beliefs about help-seeking. Social networks were important in the development of these beliefs. The study identified beliefs which promoted and inhibited young people’s help-seeking beliefs for FEP. Self-stigma was present prior to help-seeking. Implications for clinical interventions include education to promote help-seeking for distress and not abnormality, and to dispel myths about the help-seeking process and outcome. Further research is needed to determine which beliefs are most important to young people’s help-seeking for FEP.
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Dementia : constructing a relational perspectiveMerrick, K. January 2012 (has links)
Section A is a review of literature which has explored the experience of dementia in the context of couple relationships. Four key themes thought to be central to this experience were identified and highlight the impact of dementia upon couple relationships, and how aspects of relationships may influence the experience of dementia. Limitations and gaps in our understanding are highlighted. Most significantly, the existent literature focuses upon care partners’ perceptions and excludes people with dementia. Therefore, it is argued that a relational understanding of the experience of dementia, in the context of couple relationships, remains unknown. The review concludes with a rationale for why further research is needed and how people with dementia could be included. Section B describes a qualitative study, using interpretative phenomenological analysis, to investigate couples’ experiences of dementia. Seven couples were interviewed and five master themes (‘foundations’, ‘altered structures’, ‘self-restoration’, ‘flexible scaffolding’ and ‘reflective capacity’) emerged from analysis of the data. These themes offer an understanding of the experience of dementia from a relational perspective and depict the ways in which couples construct their experience in order to make sense of dementia, and the processes that they adopt in order to adjust to dementia. The findings of this study are supported by existing empirical and theoretical literature and have implications for future research and clinical practice.
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An exploration of refugees, post traumatic stress disorder and quality of lifeScott, C. R. January 2012 (has links)
Section A presents a literature review which aims to consolidate the theoretical and empirical psychological research regarding refugees’ post-migration, to clarify and further understand their psychological experiences and needs. The literature search yielded papers which are divided into four sections: refugees and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); refugees, complicated grief and cultural bereavement; refugees, resettlement and acculturation; and refugees and Quality of Life (QoL). The review highlights key findings and areas requiring further exploration. Section B reports an exploratory narrative study which aims to explore the role of QoL in the narratives of refugees with a diagnosis of PTSD. Episodic semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven refugees (5 males, 2 females), and analysed using narrative thematic, structural and performance analysis. The results illustrated containing and consistent support was important in progressing the transition from suffering during asylum-seeking to a refugee with hope, and improved QoL and psychological health. The results are applied to theory and research, and limitations of the study are discussed.
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A preliminary model of enduring positive change in professionals working with trauma survivorsBamford, Emily L. January 2006 (has links)
It has been suggested that professionals working with trauma survivors can experience positive change and growth, but there is a dearth of research evidence. Therefore this study aimed to develop a preliminary model, grounded in data, encapsulating the processes and outcomes involved in positive change in a sample of these professionals. Twelve professionals (clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, a psychiatrist, and a solicitor) with experience of working with trauma survivors were interviewed about their experiences of positive change in relation to their work. Semi-structured interviews were audio taped, transcribed and analysed using a grounded theory approach. A model was developed for an episode of positive change, based upon four main processes that seemed to follow on from each other: key experiences in the work, emotional disruption, coping, and enduring positive changes. Conditions that influenced the intensity of emotional disruption experienced by professionals were also identified. The model of enduring positive change provides a fuller account of the growth processes and outcomes than previous literature to date. The main implication is that experiencing an emotional disruption as a consequence of the work can be a normal reaction to the work, and it may eventually lead to enduring positive change. This has further implications for training, supervision and continued professional development.
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Community music and interpersonal functioning amongst people with complex mental health needsHall, Deanna L. January 2013 (has links)
Section A is a critical review of empirical literature pertinent to the impact of community music projects (CMPs) on the interpersonal functioning of those with complex mental health needs living in the community. Section B presents a qualitative study exploring the interpersonal experiences of ten outpatients with complex mental health needs participating in a CMP. Background: Although participation in CMPs has been associated with improved interpersonal function amongst clinical and non-clinical populations their effects on outpatients with complex mental health needs are not clearly understood. Aims: The current study aimed to explore how outpatients with complex mental health needs experience, perceive, understand and respond to interpersonal interactions whilst participating in a CMP. Method: Participants included 10 outpatients with complex mental health needs, who had attended a CMP for at least 6 months. They completed a semi-structured interview concerning interpersonal experiences and the project’s impact (if any) on such experiences. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was utilised (Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2009). Results: Interpersonal experiences of participants were conceptualised as master themes involving hope for social interaction, non-musical interpersonal experience, musical interpersonal experience, wider community experience, belonging, esteem and positive identity. Conclusion: Interpersonal learning, bridging capital and the development of self-concept components may be experienced in relation to CMP participation. The importance of social context assessment to client formulations and interventions and the need for further longitudinal, qualitative research in this area is implicated.
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Working relationally with looked after children : the role of residential therapeutic carersFerris, Eleanor G. January 2013 (has links)
Section A is a literature review evaluating the role of Therapetuic Care Workers (TCWs) and Therapeutic Foster Carers (TFCs) working relationally with a sub-group of Looked After Children (LAC) who are highlighted as having intense emotional and behavioural needs. These LAC are thought to benefit from living in specialist, therapeutic placements where carers work relationally. However, to date, there is no known review evaluating relational residential interventions or the role of TCWs and TFCs. Therefore, literature exploring the theoretical underpinnings of the work, and the emotional impact and protective factors involved in the carer role is considered. Implications for future research and clinical practice are suggested. Section B describes a qualitative study which explores how TCWs experience their role and their perceptions of the potential benefits for LAC. A qualitative design using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA; Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009) was applied. Methods. Nine TCWs currently working in one of two therapeutic communities were interviewed. Results. Five master themes were identified: ‘Therapeutic group living’; ‘Importance of carer-child relationships’; ‘Working with the unconscious’; ‘Personal meaning of professional role’, and ‘Children’s progress’. Participants considered that forums for reflection were crucial to their ability to think clearly and analytically about the children, and utilised psychodynamic concepts to gain insight into the children’s inner worlds. TCWs’ increased self-awareness was central to this process. Participants also reported experiencing their role as emotionally challenging. One focus of reflection was on the small steps of progress the children were perceived to achieve. Conclusions. Overall, the findings suggested a synergy between relevant theory, descriptive accounts of therapeutic childcare, and TCWs’ perceptions of their role. New information regarding the personal investment of TCWs and internalisation of the framework of practice was identified. Further research is needed to extend the evidence-base. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Investigating client dropout from psychotherapeutic treatments for personality disordersChatfield, Jon January 2013 (has links)
Dropout from therapy for personality disorder (PD) represents a clinically-important but poorly understood phenomenon in the existing literature. The present grounded theory study explores the experiences of clients with PD, and their therapists, of treatment dropout from a National Health Service outpatient psychotherapy service, specialising in psychodynamic interventions for PD. Pre-therapy questionnaires for 20 clients were initially reviewed to generate hypotheses about the differences between treatment dropouts and completers, before a focus group was conducted with six therapists to explore their beliefs about and experiences of client dropout. Finally, six individual interviews were conducted with clients with PD, five of whom had dropped out from therapy at the host service. The final model highlighted the importance of clients’ treatment expectations, how they perceived their therapist’s behaviour, and their interpersonal history in making decisions about whether to stay in or drop out of therapy. The impact of therapy endings upon clients is also discussed, as well as therapists’ beliefs about managing complex clients, both individually and within a team, under current financial and clinical pressures. The findings are then discussed in relation to existing theory and research, and the clinical implications and limitations of the study are presented.
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Service user and carer involvement in mental health education : a grounded theory investigation into its impact on (trainee) clinical psychologists' learningSchreur, Fides K. January 2013 (has links)
Service user and carer involvement has become a priority in the education of mental health professionals. While preliminary evidence suggests that service user and carer involvement is perceived positively by mental health students, there is a paucity of research investigating impacts relating to changes in learners’ knowledge, skills, attitudes or behaviour. The present qualitative study sought to investigate what, and how, (trainee) clinical psychologists learn as a result of service user and carer involvement in their training. Overall, 12 (trainee) clinical psychologists were interviewed and grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the data. Findings indicated that (trainee) clinical psychologists learned from service user and carer involvement in a variety of ways and a preliminary model was proposed, encompassing four main categories: 'mechanisms of learning', 'relational and contextual factors facilitating learning', 'relational and contextual factors hindering learning' and 'impact'. The findings are discussed in relation to extant empirical research, taking into account theoretical considerations. Recommendations for educators in clinical psychology training programmes are provided alongside suggestions for a future research agenda. A methodological critique of the study is offered.
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