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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Étude des relations entre stimuli cognitifs et la motricité relative à un geste complexe / Study of the relationship between cognitive stimuli and the motor execution of a complex gesture

Rabahi, Tahar 14 February 2014 (has links)
Plusieurs travaux ont montré que les aires cortico-motrices, localisées dans le cortex frontal et responsables des mouvements volontaires, pouvaient être impliquées dans le processus de compréhension de mots d'action. De ce point de vue, il a été rapporté que la performance d'un acte moteur simple (e.g.: attraper un objet) pouvait être améliorée par la prononciation, la lecture ou l'écoute de mots évoquant une action. Nous avons approché la relation entre parole et action à travers l'étude de l'effet de verbes d'action ainsi que d'autres stimuli cognitifs, l'imagerie kinesthésique (IK) et la soustraction mentale (SM), sur la performance d'un acte moteur complexe, le Squat Vertical Jump (SVJ, ou saut vertical accroupi). Nous avons mesuré la hauteur du SVJ chez des hommes (7 expériences, n = 114) et des femmes (2 expériences, n = 41) à l'aide de deux systèmes de mesure, l'Optojump® et le Myotest®. Les résultats ont montré que la prononciation silencieuse et à haute voix du verbe d'action spécifique au SVJ (saute, conjugué à la première personne de l'impératif), ainsi que l'IK et la SM, améliorent significativement la performance du saut, chez les hommes (jusqu'à + 2,7 cm) et, de manière moins prononcée, chez les femmes (jusqu'à + 1 cm dans 2 expériences). Le reste des résultats obtenus avec les hommes ont indiqué que la prononciation du verbe d'action non spécifique au saut (pince) augmente également la hauteur en SVJ, alors que la prononciation ou l'écoute d'autres verbes sans lien avec le saut (lèche, bouge) n'ont pas eu d'effet significatif sur le SVJ. C'est également le cas du verbe d'état 'rêve et d'un verbe incompréhensible par les sujets (tiào : saute en Chinois) ou encore des verbes qui contredisent et/ou qui s'opposent au déroulement de l'action de sauter (tombe et stoppe). La hauteur du saut a été par ailleurs significativement impactée lorsque les sujets ont prononcé des verbes à fort attributs émotifs (gagne et son antonyme perds) / Several studies have shown that cortical motor areas, located in the frontal cortex and responsible for voluntary movement, might be involved in the process of understanding action words. From this point of view, it has been reported that the performance of a simple motor act (e.g.: catching an object) might be improved by the pronunciation, reading or listening to words referring to the action. We approached the relationship between speech and action through the study of the effect of action verbs and other cognitive stimuli, kinesthetic imagery (KI) and mental subtraction (MS), upon the performance of a complex motor act, the Squat vertical jump (SVJ). We measured the height of SVJ in young naive men (7 experiments, n = 114) and women (2 experiments, n = 41) using an Optojump® and a Myotest® apparatuses. The results showed that the silent and loud pronunciation of specific action verb to SVJ (jump), the KI and the MS improved significantly the performance of the movement, in men (up to 2.7 cm) but less in women (up to + 1 cm in the 2 experiments). The results of other experiments obtained with men indicated that pronunciation of the action verb nonspecific to the jump (pinch) increased also the SVJ performance, while the pronunciation or listening to other verbs unrelated to the jump (Jick, move) had no significant effect on the SVJ. A meaningless verb for the French subjects (tiao = jump in Chinese) showed, in turn, no effect as did dream, faJJ and stop. The verb win improved significantly the SVJ height as much as its antonym Jose, thus suggesting a possible influence of affects in the subjects' performance. It appears that the effects of the specific action verb jump did seem effective but not totally exclusive for the enhancement of the SVJ performance, since non-linguistic stimuli (IK) or unrelated to action (MS) may have had a positive effect on the improvement in motor performance. Moreover verbs referring to emotion, unrelated to action, increased the height of SVJ similarly to the specific action verb jump. The results led us to consider the hypothesis that improving the performance of a complex gesture is dependent, a minima, upon the individual's intention, attention, emotions and also, and perhaps most importantly, concepts (we call concepts, the mental representations) as they may be induced by the cerebral processing of words

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