Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2668. Advisers: Pamela M. Diamond; Michael W. Ross. Includes bibliographical references.

A escassez de publicações a respeito de dimensionamento de pessoal na enfermagem psiquiátrica motivou o desenvolvimento de um Instrumento para Classificar o Nível de Dependência na Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, etapa inicial para o estabelecimento do número ideal de profissionais na Equipe de Enfermagem da especialidade. Para tornar público um Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes, o pesquisador deve garantir a validade de conteúdo e do constructo, além da confiabilidade da ferramenta, permitindo à comunidade científica sua adoção como método, ou mesmo, como material de referência no desenvolvimento de novos modelos. Desta forma, o instrumento foi construído e teve seu conteúdo validado em estudo anterior. Assim, seus objetivos buscaram a validação clínica, por meio de testes de confiabilidade e validade do constructo, além da verificação de sua aplicabilidade na prática gerencial do enfermeiro. Duas amostras foram utilizadas, sendo n=40 pares de instrumentos preenchidos na Fase 1 da coleta de dados e n=100 instrumentos preenchidos na Fase 3 do estudo, tendo sido aplicados cinco diferentes critérios estatísticos, entre eles: o coeficiente Kappa e a correlação de Spearman. O Instrumento para Classificar o Nível de Dependência na Enfermagem Psiquiátrica foi considerado confiável com índices satisfatórios de concordância e o constructo foi validado, determinando o grau de dependência do paciente portador de transtornos mentais, internado aos cuidados da equipe de enfermagem psiquiátrica / The shortage of publications about personnel dimensioning in psychiatric nursing motivated the development of an instrument to Classify the Dependence Level in Psychiatric Nursing, initial stage to the establishment of an ideal number of professionals in the Nursing Crew of the specialty. In order to make public a Patient Classification System, the researcher must guarantee the validity of the content and of the construct, besides the reliability of the tool, allowing to the scientific community its adoption as a method, or even, as a reference material in the development of new models. Thus, the instrument was built and had its content validated in a previous study. Thus, its purposes aimed at the clinical validation by reliability and construct validity tests, besides the checking of its applicability in the managing practice of the nurse. Two samples were used, being n=40 pairs of instruments filled in Stage 1 of data collection and n= 100 instruments filled in Stage 3 of the study, five different statistical criteria were applied, among them, the Kappa coefficient and the Spearman correlation. The instrument to Classify the Dependence Level in Psychiatric Nursing was considered reliable with good indicators of agreement and the construct was validated, determining the degree of dependence of the patient bearing mental disorders, interned under the cares of the psychiatric nursing crew

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. År 2005 tilldelat nummer i serien Linköping studies in arts and science.

Diss. Umeå : Univ., 2003.

A escassez de publicações a respeito de dimensionamento de pessoal na enfermagem psiquiátrica motivou o desenvolvimento de um Instrumento para Classificar o Nível de Dependência na Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, etapa inicial para o estabelecimento do número ideal de profissionais na Equipe de Enfermagem da especialidade. Para tornar público um Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes, o pesquisador deve garantir a validade de conteúdo e do constructo, além da confiabilidade da ferramenta, permitindo à comunidade científica sua adoção como método, ou mesmo, como material de referência no desenvolvimento de novos modelos. Desta forma, o instrumento foi construído e teve seu conteúdo validado em estudo anterior. Assim, seus objetivos buscaram a validação clínica, por meio de testes de confiabilidade e validade do constructo, além da verificação de sua aplicabilidade na prática gerencial do enfermeiro. Duas amostras foram utilizadas, sendo n=40 pares de instrumentos preenchidos na Fase 1 da coleta de dados e n=100 instrumentos preenchidos na Fase 3 do estudo, tendo sido aplicados cinco diferentes critérios estatísticos, entre eles: o coeficiente Kappa e a correlação de Spearman. O Instrumento para Classificar o Nível de Dependência na Enfermagem Psiquiátrica foi considerado confiável com índices satisfatórios de concordância e o constructo foi validado, determinando o grau de dependência do paciente portador de transtornos mentais, internado aos cuidados da equipe de enfermagem psiquiátrica / The shortage of publications about personnel dimensioning in psychiatric nursing motivated the development of an instrument to Classify the Dependence Level in Psychiatric Nursing, initial stage to the establishment of an ideal number of professionals in the Nursing Crew of the specialty. In order to make public a Patient Classification System, the researcher must guarantee the validity of the content and of the construct, besides the reliability of the tool, allowing to the scientific community its adoption as a method, or even, as a reference material in the development of new models. Thus, the instrument was built and had its content validated in a previous study. Thus, its purposes aimed at the clinical validation by reliability and construct validity tests, besides the checking of its applicability in the managing practice of the nurse. Two samples were used, being n=40 pairs of instruments filled in Stage 1 of data collection and n= 100 instruments filled in Stage 3 of the study, five different statistical criteria were applied, among them, the Kappa coefficient and the Spearman correlation. The instrument to Classify the Dependence Level in Psychiatric Nursing was considered reliable with good indicators of agreement and the construct was validated, determining the degree of dependence of the patient bearing mental disorders, interned under the cares of the psychiatric nursing crew

The present study assessed the relationship between mentally ill homeless and their companion pets and questioned if the pets acted as a barrier for them to receive shelter and other services. The study also sought to find if pets acted as a communication tool between this population and society. themselves because they are mentally vulnerable and victims of a mental disorder.

精神分裂症（簡稱精分）是一種常見且嚴重的精神疾病，它對患者及其家人的生活有著毀滅性的影響。在西方國家，研究者已經對精分患者子女的經歷研究了許多年，得出的結論在政府以及社會工作者幫助這些家庭時起到重要的參考作用。然而，在中國這個問題被忽視了，目前針對這個群體的、學術規範的研究還沒有在中國大陸展開。鑒於中西巨大的社會和文化差異，我們不可以照搬西方學者的研究成果。為了填補這方面的知識空缺，我們在上海展開了對精神分裂症患者子女經歷的質化研究。 / 本文的資料來自八個家庭的成員對於相關經驗的敘述。我們從三個層面來探究這些青少年的特殊經歷，包括他們對家長的經歷、他們從患病與健康家長處感受到的養育模式、以及他們所經歷的擴展家庭和社會的支持。 / 我們的研究發現包括：1）青少年對家長疾病的適應經歷了三個階段：漠然、焦慮、消極應對。2）患病家長大多對孩子溫暖有餘、管教不足。健康家長對孩子的管教很大程度上取決於家庭經濟情況。當經濟情況惡劣時他們往往忽視孩子的成長需求3）支援系統作用缺失。 / 基於以上發現，本文提煉出三個主題：在惡劣成長環境中掙扎、消極應對、缺乏支持。我們提倡為這些家庭提供社會服務。 / Schizophrenia is a serious and common mental illness which has devastating effects on those affected by schizophrenia, as well as family members including their offspring. In western countries, the topic about the experience of offspring living with a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia has been studied for many years. The outcomes are useful references to the government and social workers in helping these families. However, this topic has been neglected in the Chinese context. A well-designed qualitative study has never been carried out in mainland China. The result from western researcher cannot be used in China due to the vast differences in society and culture. To fill in the gap, a qualitative research was carried out in Shanghai to study children’s experience of parental schizophrenia. / This paper is based on the narratives elicited from eight families, including the parents diagnosed with schizophrenia, the adolescent children, and sometimes other family members. We studied the experience of this special group of adolescents, which contains the experience of their parent’s mental illness, the parenting from both the parent diagnosed with schizophrenia and the healthy parent, as well as the support from extended family and the society. / Our findings include: 1) Adolescents’ attitude towards parental schizophrenia can be divided into three phases: indifference, anxiety, and finally passive coping. The help they can provide for their parents with schizophrenia is very limited in most cases. 2) The parenting they received from the parents with schizophrenia is generally perceived as with high level of warmth and low level of demandingness. The healthy parents may or may not provide enough discipline to the adolescents depending on the families’ economic status. They would fail to focus on the need of the growing children when the economic pressure is high. 3) The supportive network failed to provide enough help to the growing adolescents. / Three themes are proposed based on the findings, namely struggling in poor growing environment, passive coping, and helplessness. We advocate for the development of social work services for these families. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Du, Juan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 264-302). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- : Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Rationale of the study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research background --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Schizophrenia in China --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Social stigma and discourse on mental illness --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Great challenges for a family with a member with schizophrenia --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Limited mental health service available to these families --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Cultural influences in Chinese society --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research objectives and research questions --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research questions --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Research objectives --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of the research --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- : Literature Review --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Schizophrenia --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Different perspectives on schizophrenia --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Treatment and Recovery of schizophrenia --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Schizophrenia’s influence on social functioning --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Schizophrenia’s influence on parenting --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2 --- Developing adolescents --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Different perspectives on adolescents --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Offspring with parental psychiatric disorder --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Supportive network of adolescents --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3 --- The roles of social work in mental health facilities --- p.61 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Condition of mental health social work in Shanghai --- p.62 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- The roles of social workers in other areas --- p.63 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Social workers serving families with parental schizophrenia --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4 --- Knowledge gap in existed literature --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- : Research Methodology --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1 --- Paradigmatic Considerations --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Social constructionism --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Proposed Theoretical Framework --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Research Site --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sampling --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data collection --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Data analysis --- p.89 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Ethical issues and trustworthiness --- p.91 / Chapter 3.3 --- Strengths and Limitations of this Study --- p.96 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- : Background Information of the Research Participants --- p.98 / Chapter 4.1 --- General Information --- p.98 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Personal information of adolescents --- p.99 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Personal Information of parent diagnosed with schizophrenia --- p.101 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Background Information of participant families --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2 --- Family stories --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3 --- Conditions of the parent with schizophrenia --- p.126 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Competent youths in the past --- p.126 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Experience of schizophrenia --- p.127 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Self-blaming for offspring’s current situation --- p.139 / Chapter 4.4 --- The adolescents --- p.141 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- School Achievement --- p.141 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Peers --- p.146 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.150 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- : Experience of parental schizophrenia --- p.152 / Chapter 5.1 --- Discovery of parental schizophrenia --- p.152 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experience relevant to parental schizophrenia --- p.155 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Symptoms --- p.155 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Deterioration of parent’s daily functioning --- p.157 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Parents’ hospitalization --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Social stigma attached to schizophrenia --- p.166 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Parent’s concealment of schizophrenia --- p.168 / Chapter 5.3 --- Knowledge of schizophrenia --- p.170 / Chapter 5.4 --- Reaction after knowing parental schizophrenia --- p.174 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Indifference --- p.174 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Concern and curiosity --- p.175 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Passive attitude --- p.179 / Chapter 5.5 --- Coping with parental schizophrenia --- p.182 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Support and help from the children to the parents with schizophrenia --- p.182 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Selective concealment of parental schizophrenia --- p.185 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- : Experience of parenting from the parent with schizophrenia --- p.189 / Chapter 6.1 --- Less parental demandingness from the parent with schizophrenia --- p.189 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Less discipline --- p.190 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Low pressure on study --- p.191 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Low expectation for future career --- p.192 / Chapter 6.2 --- More parental warmth from the parent with schizophrenia --- p.195 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- : Supporting Network --- p.197 / Chapter 7.1 --- Interaction between adolescent children with healthy parents --- p.197 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- The condition of the healthy parents --- p.198 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- The parenting style of the healthy parents --- p.203 / Chapter 7.2 --- Support from extended family --- p.207 / Chapter 7.3 --- Support from the society --- p.214 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Teaching VS. Support --- p.214 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Little support from school --- p.216 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- : Discussion --- p.219 / Chapter 8.1 --- Parenting style of both parents --- p.219 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Indulgent parenting of the parent diagnosed with schizophrenia --- p.219 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- The parenting style of the healthy parent --- p.222 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- The influence of the parenting on the developing children --- p.225 / Chapter 8.2 --- Three stages after knowing parental schizophrenia --- p.227 / Chapter 8.3 --- Themes --- p.233 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Struggle in poor family environment --- p.233 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Passive coping --- p.239 / Chapter 8.3.3 --- Helplessness --- p.241 / Chapter 8.4 --- Reflection on theoretical framework --- p.244 / Chapter 8.5 --- Implications for practice --- p.247 / Chapter 8.6 --- Implications for theory and research --- p.255 / Chapter 8.6.1 --- Similarities and differences compared with literature --- p.255 / Chapter 8.6.2 --- Directions for future research --- p.257 / List of tables and figures / Chapter Table 1 Length of interviews --- p.89 / Chapter Table 2 Condition of adolescents --- p.99 / Chapter Table 3 Personal information of the parents with schizophrenia --- p.101 / Chapter Table 4 Symptoms and hospitalization --- p.102 / Chapter Table 5 Medication --- p.104 / Chapter Table 6 General family background --- p.105 / Chapter Table 7 Family social economic status --- p.108 / Chapter Table 8 Possible interventions --- p.250 / Chapter Figure 1 Proposed theoretical framework --- p.77 / Chapter Figure 2 Revised theoretical framework --- p.245 / Chapter Appendices --- p.259 / Chapter Appendix 1: Interview Guide (Chinese version) --- p.259 / Chapter Appendix 2: Consent form (Chinese version) --- p.262 / Bibliography --- p.264

精神病康復者認同和內化公眾對他們的污名思維會經驗自我污名的想法。然而，自我污名思維本身並不一定會導致慢性心理困擾。只有當自我污名經常和自動地出現，成為心理習慣，才會產生恆定的精神困擾。自我污名的心理過程應該區別於心理內容，獨立評估，和不被假定相同於所有康復者。本論文基於心理習慣範式概念化自我污名的過程。 / 研究一開發一項名為自我污名的自動化和重複程度的測量工具，並於95位康復者建立這工具與其短版的效度。共有百分之四十二點一的參加者報告自我污名習慣。較負面的自我污名內容、較強的負面經驗避免和較低的靜觀跟自我污名習慣有關。這習慣和較差的自尊、主觀生活質量和復元亦有關。 / 研究二測量自我污名相關概念的自動聯想模式。具有較強（人數 = 46）和較弱（人數 = 45）自我污名習慣的康復者接受一系列簡短內隱聯想測驗，評估內隱自我污名的三個部分：康復者身份對自我的內隱中心性，對精神病的內隱態度和內隱自尊。較強的身份中心性與自我污名習慣有關。內隱身份中心性也會通過自我污名習慣降低自尊和主觀生活質量。 / 研究三測量對自我污名相關概念的自動注意力。具有較強（人數 = 46）和較弱（人數 = 45）自我污名習慣的康復者接受一項情緒斯特魯普任務，評估他們為自我污名、自信與非情感的刺激命名顏色的反應潛伏期。強組對自我污名刺激的反應較快，反映他們對那些信息的情感含義有較少的自動注意力，因此對顏色命名任務有較少的干擾。 / 自我污名習慣的概念為自我污名的理論、評估和干預提供了新的觀點。由於自我污名對心理健康的影響是雙重由於負面內容和其慣性的出現，如只基於傳統、以內容為本的工具測量自我污名，其對康復者的影響有可能被低估。現有的干預計劃亦應加強針對與自我污名習慣有關的不良應對機制（負面經驗避免和缺乏靜觀）和偏頗信息處理（自動聯想和注意力偏見）。以靜觀和接納為本的心理治療提升康復者對目前時刻的意識與對自我污名思維的不加批判驗收，可減輕自我污名習慣。 / People with mental illness (PMI) may endorse and internalize public stigma directed against them and at times experience self-stigmatizing thinking. However, having self-stigmatizing thoughts per se does not necessarily lead to chronic psychological distress. Only when such thinking occurs frequently and automatically as a mental habit, this creates constant mental negotiation within the individuals, which may have deleterious effects on their mental health and recovery. Of note, the mental process should be distinguished from the mental content of self-stigmatizing thinking, assessed independently, and not be assumed to be homogeneous across all PMI. In a series of three studies, I conceptualized process aspects of self-stigmatizing thinking based on the mental habit paradigm. / Study 1 applied the construct of self-stigmatizing thinking habit in developing a new assessment tool, the Self-stigmatizing Thinking’s Automaticity and Repetition (STAR), and validated the STAR and its short form in a community sample of 95 PMI. Almost half (42.1%) of the participants reported habitual self-stigmatizing thinking. More negative cognitive content of self-stigmatizing thinking, greater experiential avoidance, and lower mindfulness contributed to stronger self-stigmatizing thinking habit. The adverse effects of the mental habit included lower self-esteem, decreased subjective quality of life, and poorer recovery. / Study 2 investigated the possibility of a pattern of more automatic self-stigma-relevant associations among habitual self-stigmatizing thinkers. A set of Brief Implicit Association Tests was administered to PMI with strong (n=44) and weak (n=50) self-stigmatizing thinking habit to assess the three components of implicit self-stigma: implicit centrality of the mental illness identity to the self, implicit attitudes toward mental illness, and implicit self-esteem. Greater implicit identity centrality, but not negative implicit attitudes toward mental illness and low implicit self-esteem, was predictive of stronger self-stigmatizing thinking habit. Implicit identity centrality also contributed to lower self-esteem and decreased subjective quality of life through self-stigmatizing thinking habit. / Study 3 examined the potential automatic attentional biases for self-stigmatizing information among habitual self-stigmatizing thinkers. An Emotional Stroop Task was administered to PMI with strong (n=46) and weak (n=45) self-stigmatizing thinking habit to assess response latencies in color-naming self-stigmatizing versus self-assurance versus non-affective words. The strong habit group was characterized by faster responses to the self-stigmatizing stimuli, reflecting their automatic attentional bias away from the emotional meaning of self-stigmatizing information and hence less interference effects on the color-naming task. / The construct of self-stigmatizing thinking habit offers new perspectives on self-stigma’s theory, assessment, and intervention. As the deleterious effects of self-stigma on mental health are due doubly to the negative content and habitual manifestation of self-stigmatizing thoughts, the impact of self-stigma on PMI may be underestimated if it is based solely on traditional content-oriented measures. Existing self-stigma intervention programmes, which are cognitive content-oriented, should be improved by additionally targeting the dysfunctional coping mechanisms (i.e., experiential avoidance and the lack of mindfulness) and information-processing biases (i.e., automatic evaluation and attentional biases) involved in the mental habit. In mitigating self-stigmatizing thinking habit, practitioners may apply psychotherapies based on mindfulness and acceptance in order to enhance present-moment awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance of self-stigmatizing thoughts. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Ka Shing Kevin. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-149). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xii / Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Self-Stigmatizing Thinking as Mental Habit --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Theoretical Conceptualizations of Habit --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Theoretical Conceptualizations of Mental Habit --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Self-Stigma in People with Mental Illness --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1. --- The Consequences of Self-Stigma for Mental Health of People with Mental Illness --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2. --- The Roots of Self-Stigma in People with Mental Illness --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3. --- Self-Stigma Interventions for People with Mental Illness --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Cognitive Content-Oriented Interventions for Self-Stigma --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Cognitive Process-Oriented Interventions for Self-Stigma --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4. --- Gaps in Research on Self-Stigma in People with Mental Illness --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Theoretical Conceptualizations of Self-Stigmatizing Thinking Habit --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1. --- The Mental Content of Self-Stigmatizing Thinking --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2. --- The Mental Process of Self-Stigmatizing Thinking --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- The Frequency of Self-Stigmatizing Thinking --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- The Automaticity of Self-Stigmatizing Thinking --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3. --- The Consequences of Self-Stigmatizing Thinking Habit for Mental Health of People with Mental Illness --- p.19 / Chapter 3.4. --- Interventions for Self-Stigmatizing Thinking Habit in People with Mental Illness --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Empirical Assessment of Self-Stigmatizing Thinking Habit --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1. --- The Self-stigmatizing Thinking‘s Automaticity and Repetition (STAR) Scale --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2. --- Implicit Association Test --- p.27 / Chapter 4.3. --- Emotional Stroop Task --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Overview of the Studies --- p.34 / Chapter 5.1. --- Objectives --- p.34 / Chapter 5.2. --- Long-Term Impact --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Study 1 Assessing Self-stigmatizing Thinking Habit Using a Self-Reported Questionnaire: A Validation Study of the Self-stigmatizing Thinking’s Automaticity and Repetition (STAR) Scale in People with Mental Illness --- p.38 / Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2. --- Method --- p.39 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Participants --- p.39 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Procedure --- p.39 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- Measures --- p.40 / Chapter 6.2.3.1. --- Sociodemographic, clinical, and social contact characteristics --- p.40 / Chapter 6.2.3.2. --- Self-stigmatizing thinking habit --- p.40 / Chapter 6.2.3.3. --- Self-stigmatizing cognitive content --- p.40 / Chapter 6.2.3.4. --- Self-esteem --- p.41 / Chapter 6.2.3.5. --- Self-identity --- p.41 / Chapter 6.2.3.6. --- Experiential avoidance --- p.41 / Chapter 6.2.3.7. --- Mindfulness --- p.42 / Chapter 6.2.3.8. --- Subjective quality of life --- p.42 / Chapter 6.2.3.9. --- Recovery --- p.42 / Chapter 6.2.4. --- Data Analyses --- p.43 / Chapter 6.3. --- Power Calculation --- p.44 / Chapter 6.4. --- Results --- p.45 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- Participant characteristics --- p.45 / Chapter 6.4.2. --- Score distribution on the STAR --- p.46 / Chapter 6.4.3. --- Factor analyses on the STAR and STAR-S --- p.46 / Chapter 6.4.4. --- STAR-S reliability and validity --- p.48 / Chapter 6.4.5. --- Prevalence of self-stigmatizing thinking habit --- p.51 / Chapter 6.4.6. --- Predictors of self-stigmatizing thinking habit --- p.51 / Chapter 6.4.7. --- Impact of self-stigmatizing thinking habit on self-esteem when self-stigmatizing cognitive content was taken into consideration --- p.52 / Chapter 6.4.8. --- Impact of self-stigmatizing thinking habit on subjective quality of life when selfstigmatizing cognitive content was taken into consideration --- p.53 / Chapter 6.4.9. --- Impact of self-stigmatizing thinking habit on recovery when self-stigmatizing cognitive content was taken into consideration --- p.54 / Chapter 6.5. --- Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter 6.6. --- Implications for the Next Study --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Study 2 Automatic Self-Stigma-Relevant Associations in Self-Stigmatizing Thinking Habit: Evidence from the Brief Implicit Association Tests --- p.59 / Chapter 7.1. --- Introduction --- p.59 / Chapter 7.2. --- Method --- p.61 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Participants --- p.61 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Procedure --- p.61 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- Measures --- p.61 / Chapter 7.2.3.1. --- Self-stigmatizing thinking habit --- p.61 / Chapter 7.2.3.2. --- Explicit self-stigma --- p.62 / Chapter 7.2.3.3. --- Implicit attitudes toward mental illness --- p.62 / Chapter 7.2.3.4. --- Implicit identity centrality --- p.64 / Chapter 7.2.3.5. --- Implicit self-esteem --- p.64 / Chapter 7.2.3.6. --- Explicit self-esteem --- p.65 / Chapter 7.2.3.7. --- Subjective quality of life --- p.65 / Chapter 7.2.4. --- Data Analyses --- p.66 / Chapter 7.3. --- Power Calculation --- p.68 / Chapter 7.4. --- Results --- p.69 / Chapter 7.4.1. --- Participant characteristics --- p.69 / Chapter 7.4.2. --- Confirmation of the interrelated two-factor structure --- p.71 / Chapter 7.4.3. --- Confirmation of the second-order hierarchical structure --- p.71 / Chapter 7.4.4. --- Characteristics of participants in the strong and weak habit groups --- p.72 / Chapter 7.4.5. --- BIAT performance by participants in the strong and weak habit groups --- p.73 / Chapter 7.4.6. --- Predictors of self-stigmatizing thinking habit --- p.74 / Chapter 7.4.7. --- The mediating role of self-stigmatizing thinking habit on explicit self-esteem --- p.75 / Chapter 7.4.8. --- The mediating role of self-stigmatizing thinking habit on subjective quality of life . --- p.76 / Chapter 7.5. --- Discussion --- p.77 / Chapter 7.6. --- Implications for the Next Study --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 8. --- Study 3 Attentional Bias for Self-Stigmatizing Stimuli in Self-Stigmatizing Thinking Habit: Evidence from the Emotional Stroop Task --- p.82 / Chapter 8.1. --- Introduction --- p.82 / Chapter 8.2. --- Method --- p.83 / Chapter 8.2.1. --- Participants --- p.83 / Chapter 8.2.2. --- Procedure --- p.83 / Chapter 8.2.3. --- Measures --- p.83 / Chapter 8.2.3.1. --- Self-stigmatizing thinking habit --- p.83 / Chapter 8.2.3.2. --- Self-stigmatizing cognitive content --- p.84 / Chapter 8.2.3.3. --- Experiential avoidance --- p.84 / Chapter 8.2.3.4. --- Self-esteem --- p.84 / Chapter 8.2.3.5. --- Subjective quality of life --- p.84 / Chapter 8.2.3.6. --- Depression --- p.84 / Chapter 8.2.3.7. --- Emotional Stroop effects --- p.85 / Chapter 8.2.3.8. --- Cognitive Stroop effects --- p.87 / Chapter 8.2.4. --- Data analyses --- p.87 / Chapter 8.3. --- Power Calculation --- p.89 / Chapter 8.4. --- Results --- p.90 / Chapter 8.4.1. --- Participant characteristics --- p.90 / Chapter 8.4.2. --- Characteristics of participants in the strong and weak habit groups --- p.91 / Chapter 8.4.3. --- Emotional Stroop effects --- p.93 / Chapter 8.4.3.1. --- Response errors on the Emotional Stroop trials --- p.93 / Chapter 8.4.3.2. --- Response latencies on the Emotional Stroop trials --- p.93 / Chapter 8.4.4. --- Cognitive Stroop effects --- p.95 / Chapter 8.4.4.1. --- Response errors on the Cognitive Stroop trials --- p.95 / Chapter 8.4.4.2. --- Response latencies on the Cognitive Stroop trials --- p.95 / Chapter 8.4.5. --- Predictors of self-stigmatizing thinking habit --- p.96 / Chapter 8.4.6. --- The Mediating role of self-stigmatizing thinking habit on self-esteem and subjective quality of life --- p.97 / Chapter 8.5. --- Discussion --- p.97 / Chapter Chapter 9. --- General Discussion --- p.102 / Chapter 9.1. --- Theoretical Implications --- p.102 / Chapter 9.2. --- Clinical Implications --- p.104 / Chapter 9.3. --- Limitations and Call for Future Research --- p.106 / Chapter Chapter 10. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.109 / Appendix 1 --- p.110 / Appendix 2 --- p.111 / Appendix 3 --- p.118 / References --- p.119

The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ management styles when caring for adult children with serious mental illness (SMI), as well as parents’ perspectives on what type of community-based mental health interventions would support and/or enhance overall family functioning. This qualitative descriptive study was undergirded by Knafl and Deatrick’s Family Management Style Framework. Thirty parents (N = 30) caring for adult children with SMI over age 18 were recruited as participants. Demographic data included age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, annual income, and National Alliance on Mental Illness membership. Parents were interviewed in their homes or other private setting. Verbal informed consent was obtained. Audio-recorded, individual, semistructured interviews were conducted until redundancy was achieved. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Four major themes emerged from the data. These themes described prolonged, difficult, and confusing phases that parents and the family undergo in caring for an adult child with SMI. These phases have a progressive nature, moving from parents recognizing that their child has a SMI to redefining family life as a result of caring for an adult child with SMI. Successful management of these phases must include increasing access to mental health information, mental health screening, early interventions, violence prevention, and various treatment options for adult children and their families.