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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Light transient behavior of mercury arc discharges

Tucker, Tillman Jesse. January 1957 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1957 T82 / Master of Science
2

Avaliação do risco de intoxicação por vapores de mercúrio / Assessment of the risk of mercury poisoning

Colacioppo, Sergio 20 October 1976 (has links)
O mercúrio, devido a suas propriedades físicas e químicas peculiares, é utilizado em grande número de atividades humanas, representando assim uma parcela significativa na economia de diversos paises. Por outro lado, o mercúrio possue propriedades tóxicas e que associadas à periculosidade dos seus vapores ou a dos resíduos industriais, representa considerável risco à saúde do trabalhador e dos moradores das adjacencias de indústrias que lidam com este metal. O mercúrio pode apresentar-se no meio ambiente sob várias formas, sendo que na forma metálica é que representa maior problema de saúde ocupacional, devido a formação de vapores inodoros e incolores - que possuem grande facilidade de penetração e absorção por via respiratória. Assim o mercúrio na forma de vapor mereceu maior atenção neste estudo. Nao se têm até o presente completamente esclarecido o mecanismo da ação tóxica do mercúrio no organismo humano, havendo ainda algumas contradições e divergências na interpretação de resultados laboratoriais de pesquisa do metal em urina, sangue, cabelos e outros meios biológicos, ou ainda das determinações de alterações metabólicas produzidas pela ação do mercúrio no organismo humano. Uma avaliação do risco de intoxicação profissional por vapores de mercúrio, representada pela determinação dos níveis de vapor de mercúrio num ambiente de trabalho, além da avaliação do risco em si, auxilia o médico no diagnóstico da intoxicação, bem como\'o engenheiro a testar a eficiência das medidas preventivas existentes. Ao planejar uma avaliação ambiental, de vapores de mercúrio o higienista industrial depara-se na bibliografia especializada, com processos diversos de captação e análise e sem indicação da eficiência na grande maioria. Foi então realizado um estudo comparativo entre os processos, mais viáveis, dois deles utilizando absorção em solução ácida de permanganato de potássio e solução de iôdo e outros dois utilizando adsorção com carvão ativo e com hopcalita. Para efeito de realização do estudo acima referido fez-se necessária a construção de equipamento que fornecesse uma atmosfera padrão de vapores de mercúrio - proposto e descrito no presente trabalho - foi fixado igualmente o processo analítico, tendo sido escolhido o de absorção atômica sem chama devido à sua alta sensibilidade, acuidade e precisão. As concentrações produzidas foram ligeiramente superiores à preconizada pela ACGIH como limite de tolerância e o processo que maior confiabilidade apresentou foi o que utiliza solução ácida de permanganato de potássio sendo o de maior acuidade e precisão. / Due to its peculiar physical and chemical properties, mercury is applied in a great nurnber of human activities and represents a significative portion of the economy of several countries. On the other hand mercury has some toxic properties that, when associated to its hazardous vapours or to industrial wastes becomes a considerable risk to the health of workers from industries that deal with it or the neighbouhood dwellers. Mercury can be found under several forms: the metalic one is the main problem to occupational health, specially when there is occurrence of mercury vapour - inodorous and uncoulored - easily absorbed by the respiratory tract. Thus, mercury vapour deserved our attention in this paper. The toxic action of mercury in human beings is not completely known yet for there are still some contradictions and divergencies about the interpretation of laboratorial findings of the metal in urine blood, hair and other biological samples as well as about the establishment of a threshould limit for metabolic alterations caused by the mercury in human organism. An evaluation of professional intoxication risk due to mercury vapour by measuring its level in a work area will help the physician to diagnosticate the intoxication and the engineer to test the eficacy of the existing preventive measures. When planning an environmental evaluation of the mercury vapour, the industrial hygienist can find different processes of collection and analysis in the specialized bibliography, most of them without any evidence of its effectiveness. A comparative study was then carried out on the most useful processes, two of them applying absortion in acid solution potassium permanganate and iodine solution, and the two others making use of adsortion with active charcoal and hopcalite. To fulfil the above mentioned study, it was necessary to buil up an equipment that could provide a standard atmosphere of mercury vapour (proposed and described here). The analitic process of flameless atomic absortion was chosen due to its high sensibility ando accuracy. The concentrations produced were slightly superior to the ones professed by the ACGIH as the threshol limit, and it was found that the most reliable process was the acid solution of pottassium permanganate, for its accuracy and eficiency.
3

Avaliação do risco de intoxicação por vapores de mercúrio / Assessment of the risk of mercury poisoning

Sergio Colacioppo 20 October 1976 (has links)
O mercúrio, devido a suas propriedades físicas e químicas peculiares, é utilizado em grande número de atividades humanas, representando assim uma parcela significativa na economia de diversos paises. Por outro lado, o mercúrio possue propriedades tóxicas e que associadas à periculosidade dos seus vapores ou a dos resíduos industriais, representa considerável risco à saúde do trabalhador e dos moradores das adjacencias de indústrias que lidam com este metal. O mercúrio pode apresentar-se no meio ambiente sob várias formas, sendo que na forma metálica é que representa maior problema de saúde ocupacional, devido a formação de vapores inodoros e incolores - que possuem grande facilidade de penetração e absorção por via respiratória. Assim o mercúrio na forma de vapor mereceu maior atenção neste estudo. Nao se têm até o presente completamente esclarecido o mecanismo da ação tóxica do mercúrio no organismo humano, havendo ainda algumas contradições e divergências na interpretação de resultados laboratoriais de pesquisa do metal em urina, sangue, cabelos e outros meios biológicos, ou ainda das determinações de alterações metabólicas produzidas pela ação do mercúrio no organismo humano. Uma avaliação do risco de intoxicação profissional por vapores de mercúrio, representada pela determinação dos níveis de vapor de mercúrio num ambiente de trabalho, além da avaliação do risco em si, auxilia o médico no diagnóstico da intoxicação, bem como\'o engenheiro a testar a eficiência das medidas preventivas existentes. Ao planejar uma avaliação ambiental, de vapores de mercúrio o higienista industrial depara-se na bibliografia especializada, com processos diversos de captação e análise e sem indicação da eficiência na grande maioria. Foi então realizado um estudo comparativo entre os processos, mais viáveis, dois deles utilizando absorção em solução ácida de permanganato de potássio e solução de iôdo e outros dois utilizando adsorção com carvão ativo e com hopcalita. Para efeito de realização do estudo acima referido fez-se necessária a construção de equipamento que fornecesse uma atmosfera padrão de vapores de mercúrio - proposto e descrito no presente trabalho - foi fixado igualmente o processo analítico, tendo sido escolhido o de absorção atômica sem chama devido à sua alta sensibilidade, acuidade e precisão. As concentrações produzidas foram ligeiramente superiores à preconizada pela ACGIH como limite de tolerância e o processo que maior confiabilidade apresentou foi o que utiliza solução ácida de permanganato de potássio sendo o de maior acuidade e precisão. / Due to its peculiar physical and chemical properties, mercury is applied in a great nurnber of human activities and represents a significative portion of the economy of several countries. On the other hand mercury has some toxic properties that, when associated to its hazardous vapours or to industrial wastes becomes a considerable risk to the health of workers from industries that deal with it or the neighbouhood dwellers. Mercury can be found under several forms: the metalic one is the main problem to occupational health, specially when there is occurrence of mercury vapour - inodorous and uncoulored - easily absorbed by the respiratory tract. Thus, mercury vapour deserved our attention in this paper. The toxic action of mercury in human beings is not completely known yet for there are still some contradictions and divergencies about the interpretation of laboratorial findings of the metal in urine blood, hair and other biological samples as well as about the establishment of a threshould limit for metabolic alterations caused by the mercury in human organism. An evaluation of professional intoxication risk due to mercury vapour by measuring its level in a work area will help the physician to diagnosticate the intoxication and the engineer to test the eficacy of the existing preventive measures. When planning an environmental evaluation of the mercury vapour, the industrial hygienist can find different processes of collection and analysis in the specialized bibliography, most of them without any evidence of its effectiveness. A comparative study was then carried out on the most useful processes, two of them applying absortion in acid solution potassium permanganate and iodine solution, and the two others making use of adsortion with active charcoal and hopcalite. To fulfil the above mentioned study, it was necessary to buil up an equipment that could provide a standard atmosphere of mercury vapour (proposed and described here). The analitic process of flameless atomic absortion was chosen due to its high sensibility ando accuracy. The concentrations produced were slightly superior to the ones professed by the ACGIH as the threshol limit, and it was found that the most reliable process was the acid solution of pottassium permanganate, for its accuracy and eficiency.
4

The Mercury-Sensitized Photo-Reactions of a Mixture of Propane and Isobutane

Vaughan, George January 1947 (has links)
It was decided to determine whether or not 2,2,3-trimethylbutane could be formed by the photochemical reaction of isobutane and propane in the presence of mercury vapor energized by ultraviolet radiation from a mercury vapor lamp.
5

Speciační analýza vybraných sloučenin rtuti kombinovanou technikou HPLC-EcMCVG-QFAAS / Speciation analysis of selected mercury compounds using combined technique HPCL-EcMCVG-QFAAS

Leštinová, Veronika January 2012 (has links)
Today, the information about total mercury content in a sample is not enough to know because of different toxicity of various species like inorganic forms such as Hg+ , Hg+II and organic bonded mercury in Methyl-mercury, Ethyl-mercury or Phenyl-mercury. Therefore a speciation analysis is needed to do. The aim of this diploma thesis was to develop and validate a new method for speciation determination of selected mercury compounds. This method comprises a connection of high performance liquid chromatography, electrochemical mercury cold vapor generation as a postcolumn derivatization technique and atomic absorption spectrometer. Using this on-line connection of mentioned techniques, an efficient separation of Hg+II and methylmercury was achieved. Reached limits of detection were 0.3 µgml-1 and 0.5 µgml-1 for Hg+II and methylmercury, respectively. At the end of experimental work, proposed hyphenated technique HPLC- EcMCVG-QFAAS was used for determination of these two mercury compounds in six real tap water samples (Bílý potok, Bílina, Labe, Vltava, Botič, pond Kovošrot). In Bílý potok, inorganic mercury (Hg+II ) was identified on the base of identical of retention time compared to standard. Standard addition method was used in both FIA and HPLC arrangements and determined content of Hg+II was (0.4...
6

Estudos de tratamentos superficiais em substratos de óxidos transparentes condutivos para a fabricação de dispositivos poliméricos eletroluminescentes. / Superficial treatments studies on substrates of transparent conductive oxides for construction of electroluminescent polymeric devices.

Santos, Emerson Roberto 09 February 2009 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram realizados e estudados tratamentos superficiais sobre óxidos transparentes condutivos (TCOs) depositados sobre vidro, cuja aplicação ou finalidade é a montagem de dispositivos poliméricos eletroluminescentes. A principal intenção da utilização destes processos é diminuir a tensão de limiar e também aumentar a luminância desses dispositivos, sem interferir na transmitância original dos filmes. Três diferentes técnicas de tratamentos superficiais foram utilizadas: (a) Plasma de oxigênio; (b) Água-régia e (c) UV-Ozônio. Neste último processo, um reator foi montado utilizando uma lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio a alta pressão (tipo alta intensidade de descarga), sem o bulbo externo para fornecer a disponibilidade de radiação UV para a obtenção de ozônio a partir do ar atmosférico. Este reator com baixo custo e fácil manuseio foi montado para realizar um processo alternativo comparado aos dois processos anteriormente citados (Plasma de oxigênio e Água-Régia) e constitui o principal foco, comparando a partir de resultados experimentais obtidos por dispositivos montados, utilizando diferentes TCOs. Foi possível confirmar que o procedimento a partir do UV-Ozônio é reprodutível, pois pode substituir com vantagens as outras duas técnicas que apresentam custo mais elevado ou que exige manuseio especial. Pela utilização de diferentes períodos de tratamento como a única variável, nas condições estabelecidas durante os experimentos, foi mantida uma amostra sem tratamento para comparação em cada resultado obtido. Em comparação aos outros tratamentos, a técnica de UV-ozônio apresentou reprodutibilidade. Neste caso, verificamos que houve eliminação de contaminantes indesejáveis como carbono e hidrocarbonetos detectadas pela técnica de DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance Infra-Red Fourier Transformed) e melhor espalhamento de polímero (PEDOT:PSS) sobre a superfície através da técnica de ângulo de contato foi observado. Para os filmes de ITO e FTO o período ótimo foi observado durante 5 minutos e para o ZnO, durante 15 minutos. Os resultados das medições de resistência de folha, espessura e efeito Hall, não revelaram significantes modificações. Revelando que as superfícies foram influenciadas apenas atomicamente ou molecularmente. / In this work superficial treatment on transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) were carried out and studied by application or finality for the assembly of electroluminescent polymeric devices. The mean intention by use of these processes is to decrease the threshold voltage and also increase the luminance of the devices, without interfering in the original TCOs transmittances. Three different treatment techniques were used: (a) oxygen plasma; (b) aqua regia and (c) UV-ozozne. In the he last one, a reactor was assembled using a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp (high intensity discharge lamp type) without outer bulb to provide the available UV radiation to obtain ozone from atmospheric air. This reactor with low cost and easy handle was mounted to accomplish an alternative process compared by other (oxygen plasma and aqua regia) and it has the main focus of this work compared from experimental results obtained by mounted devices using different TCOs. It was possible to confirm that the procedure from the UV-Ozone is reproducible, because it can replaced with advantages the other techniques that have expansive costs or special handling. The use of different treatment times as only variable on the imposed condition in the experiments, a sample was reserved without treatment for comparison during each obtained result. In comparison with other treatments the UV-Ozônio presented reproducibility. In this case was verified the undesirable contaminants eliminated as carbon and hydrocarbon and detected by DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance Infra-Red Fourier Transformed) technique and better scattering of polymer (PEDOT:PSS) on surface by contact angle was observed. For ITO and FTO films the optimum period was observed during 5 minutes and ZnO during 15 minutes. The measurements results of sheet resistance, thickness and Hall effect revealed no significant changes confirming that the surfaces were influenced only atomically or molecularly only.
7

Estudos de tratamentos superficiais em substratos de óxidos transparentes condutivos para a fabricação de dispositivos poliméricos eletroluminescentes. / Superficial treatments studies on substrates of transparent conductive oxides for construction of electroluminescent polymeric devices.

Emerson Roberto Santos 09 February 2009 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram realizados e estudados tratamentos superficiais sobre óxidos transparentes condutivos (TCOs) depositados sobre vidro, cuja aplicação ou finalidade é a montagem de dispositivos poliméricos eletroluminescentes. A principal intenção da utilização destes processos é diminuir a tensão de limiar e também aumentar a luminância desses dispositivos, sem interferir na transmitância original dos filmes. Três diferentes técnicas de tratamentos superficiais foram utilizadas: (a) Plasma de oxigênio; (b) Água-régia e (c) UV-Ozônio. Neste último processo, um reator foi montado utilizando uma lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio a alta pressão (tipo alta intensidade de descarga), sem o bulbo externo para fornecer a disponibilidade de radiação UV para a obtenção de ozônio a partir do ar atmosférico. Este reator com baixo custo e fácil manuseio foi montado para realizar um processo alternativo comparado aos dois processos anteriormente citados (Plasma de oxigênio e Água-Régia) e constitui o principal foco, comparando a partir de resultados experimentais obtidos por dispositivos montados, utilizando diferentes TCOs. Foi possível confirmar que o procedimento a partir do UV-Ozônio é reprodutível, pois pode substituir com vantagens as outras duas técnicas que apresentam custo mais elevado ou que exige manuseio especial. Pela utilização de diferentes períodos de tratamento como a única variável, nas condições estabelecidas durante os experimentos, foi mantida uma amostra sem tratamento para comparação em cada resultado obtido. Em comparação aos outros tratamentos, a técnica de UV-ozônio apresentou reprodutibilidade. Neste caso, verificamos que houve eliminação de contaminantes indesejáveis como carbono e hidrocarbonetos detectadas pela técnica de DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance Infra-Red Fourier Transformed) e melhor espalhamento de polímero (PEDOT:PSS) sobre a superfície através da técnica de ângulo de contato foi observado. Para os filmes de ITO e FTO o período ótimo foi observado durante 5 minutos e para o ZnO, durante 15 minutos. Os resultados das medições de resistência de folha, espessura e efeito Hall, não revelaram significantes modificações. Revelando que as superfícies foram influenciadas apenas atomicamente ou molecularmente. / In this work superficial treatment on transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) were carried out and studied by application or finality for the assembly of electroluminescent polymeric devices. The mean intention by use of these processes is to decrease the threshold voltage and also increase the luminance of the devices, without interfering in the original TCOs transmittances. Three different treatment techniques were used: (a) oxygen plasma; (b) aqua regia and (c) UV-ozozne. In the he last one, a reactor was assembled using a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp (high intensity discharge lamp type) without outer bulb to provide the available UV radiation to obtain ozone from atmospheric air. This reactor with low cost and easy handle was mounted to accomplish an alternative process compared by other (oxygen plasma and aqua regia) and it has the main focus of this work compared from experimental results obtained by mounted devices using different TCOs. It was possible to confirm that the procedure from the UV-Ozone is reproducible, because it can replaced with advantages the other techniques that have expansive costs or special handling. The use of different treatment times as only variable on the imposed condition in the experiments, a sample was reserved without treatment for comparison during each obtained result. In comparison with other treatments the UV-Ozônio presented reproducibility. In this case was verified the undesirable contaminants eliminated as carbon and hydrocarbon and detected by DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance Infra-Red Fourier Transformed) technique and better scattering of polymer (PEDOT:PSS) on surface by contact angle was observed. For ITO and FTO films the optimum period was observed during 5 minutes and ZnO during 15 minutes. The measurements results of sheet resistance, thickness and Hall effect revealed no significant changes confirming that the surfaces were influenced only atomically or molecularly only.
8

Studium dohasínajícího dusíkového plazmatu pomocí titrace rtuťových par / Study of nitrogen post-discharge by mercury vapor titration

Teslíková, Ivana January 2012 (has links)
The aim of this master thesis is a study of nitrogen post-discharge by mercury vapours titration. The nitrogen post-discharge is investigated for many years theoretically as well as for a practical use. The object of this master thesis is a study of kinetic processes ongoing at titrations of mercury vapours during the nitrogen post-discharge at different pressures and applied powers. All experimental data were obtained from an optical emission spectroscopy of nitrogen post-discharge. DC discharge in flowing regime was chosen for measurements. The first part of experiments was carried out at the constant discharge current (100 mA), voltage (1300 V) and wall temperature (300 K). The total gas pressure was varied in range of 500-3000 Pa at nitrogen flow in range of 0.12-0.68 l/min. Nitrogen flow values were arranged to obtain constant nitrogen flow velocity for all gas pressures. The second set of experiments studied power dependencies. The current was varied in the range of 50-200 mA for constant voltage 1300 V. The total gas pressure in this case was 1000 Pa. Mercury vapours were introduced into the system by titration tube at different post-discharge time. The nitrogen pink afterglow effect was well visible at all experimental conditions. This effect corresponds to the maximum intensity of light emission, which expresses as considerable growth of characteristic pink radiation in the post-discharge time. Optical emission spectra of post-discharge were taken in the range of 320-780 nm. Besides three nitrogen spectral systems (first and second positive and first negative), the mercury line at 254 nm was recorded in the second order spectrum at 508 nm under these conditions if mercury was added. This spectral line is excited under post-discharge conditions by collisionally induced resonance energy transfer from nitrogen highly vibrationally excited ground state metastables and it opens an unique technique for their monitoring. The dependence of relative intensities on decay time for mercury spectral line and selected nitrogen spectral systems at different titration positions were measured. The relative intensities of nitrogen bands decrease with increasing of mercury line relative intensity for all total gas pressures. The pink afterglow phenomenon shifts to the later decay times with the increasing of total gas pressure. In the case of experiments at different power, it can be seen that with decreasing power mercury spectral line intensity decreases in post-discharge time. The first detailed tests of the unique detection for highly excited of nitrogen metastables were completed. However this master thesis is concentrated on the basic research which supports better indication of kinetic processes and reactions leading to transformation of excitation energy, this new knowledge should be applied in future also in technologies based on the long-lived metastable induced reactions.
9

Speciační analýza vybraných sloučenin rtuti pomocí HPLC, UV-fotochemického generování studené páry rtuti a její detekce AAS / Speciation Analysis of Selected Mercury Compounds Using HPLC, UV-Photochemical Cold Mercury Vapor Generation and its AAS Detection

Linhart, Ondřej January 2013 (has links)
The mercury occurs in the environment in a variety of forms. Mercury compounds can be found in the soil, atmosphere, water and living organisms. Although some of the mercury substances are very toxic, they are often used in various sectors of industry, agriculture and medicine. Mercury compounds differ in their toxicity, so it is necessary to do speciation analysis. The aim of this diploma thesis was to develop and validate a new analytical method for the determination of mercury compounds in different samples. This method involves the combination of high performance liquid chromatography, UV-photochemical cold vapor mercury generation and atomic absorption spectrometry. Effective separation of mercury(II), methylmercury(I), ethylmercury(I) and phenylmercury(I) ions and subsequent comparable efficient of mercury cold vapor generation from all of forms was achieved using these techniques. The reached detection limits were 8 µg l-1 , 31 µg l-1 , 16 µg l-1 and 38 µg l-1 . At the end of experimental work, the proposed method of RP-HPLC-UV-CVG- QTAAS was used for the determination of mercury compounds in real samples (fish tissue and water samples: Labe, Vltava and tap water) and in certified reference materials (DORM-3 and DOLT-4). Several methods for extraction of mercury species from solid samples...

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