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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Electronique quantique dans les nano-structures explorées par microscopie à sonde locale / Quantum electronics in nanostructures explored by scanning probe microscopy

De Cecco, Alessandro 10 October 2018 (has links)
Les nano-structures sont des systèmes physiques de premier intérêt pour les études de base et pour les applications, car elles montrent des effets quantiques comme le confinement, la discrétisation énergétique, la cohérence... Le comportement quantique des nano-dispositifs peut être cependant fortement influencé par le désordre, les effets thermiques et hors-équilibre. Dans cette Thèse, nous montrons, par exemple, comment la dissipation affecte le transport électronique dans les dispositifs supraconducteurs soumis aux fréquences micro-ondes.En utilisant un setup cryogénique AFM/STM fait maison, on peut étudier différents types de nano-structures. En premier, nous nous occupons de la réalisation d'un transistor à électron unique avec une sonde locale. Les nano-particules métalliques sont bien connues pour leur comportement comme boîtes quantiques zéro-dimensionnelles (QD), elles montrent du confinement quantique et des effets de charge, que l’on retrouve aussi dans nos mesures de microscopie à sonde locale à basse température. Nous démontrons comment un nouveau procédé de nano-fabrication peut être mis en œuvre avec l'introduction d' une électrode de grille suffisamment mince et sans-fuite, ce qui pourra fournir un réglage de précision des propriétés de la boîte quantique et permettre l'exploration résolue spatialement des phénomènes quantiques dans différents régimes de couplage. En deuxième, nous étudions le graphène épitaxial sur SiC comme un matériau 2D très prometteur pour l'électronique. En particulier, les nano-rubans de graphène obtenus par croissance épitaxiale sur des parois inclinées (GNRs) sont des nano-structures d'intérêt fondamental qui peuvent fournir un accès direct et contrôlable au graphène neutre. À cause du confinement quantique, ces systèmes peuvent montrer du transport balistique exceptionnel à température ambiante. Nous réalisons une technique novatrice de potentiométrie à sonde locale qui nous permet une résolution spatiale à l'échelle du nm et une résolution en tension à l'échelle du µV. Le potentiel locale et la résistance locale mesurés sur un dispositif unique basé sur des nano-rubans de graphène nous donnent des indications claires de transport non-diffusif.La physique explorée, les méthodes ainsi que les technique développées dans cette Thèse peuvent donc fournir des nouvelles visions aux nombreux (et assez divers) sujets en vogue. / Nanostructures are physical systems of paramount interest for both fundamental studies and applications, since they display quantum effects such as confinement, energy discretization, coherence…The quantum behavior of nano-devices can however be strongly influenced by disorder, thermal and non-equilibrium effects. In this Thesis, we show, for instance, how dissipation deeply affects the electron transport in superconducting nano-devices at microwave frequencies.By using a home-made cryogenic AFM/STM setup, we are able to investigate different kinds of nanostructures. First, we address the realization of a Single Electron Transistor with a Scanning Probe. Metallic nanoparticles are well known for their behavior as 0D-Quantum Dots (QD), and they display quantum confinement and charging effects, which are evidenced in our low-temperature SPM measurements as well. We demonstrate how a novel nanofabrication process can be implemented with the addition of gate electrodes sufficiently thin and leakage-proof, which in the future can provide a fine-tuning of the QD's properties and allow spatially-resolved exploration of quantum phenomena in a variety of different coupling regimes. Second, we study epitaxial graphene on SiC as a very promising 2D material for electronics. In particular, epitaxial sidewalls graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are nanostructures of fundamental interest which can provide direct and controllable access to charge neutral graphene. Due to quantum confinement, these systems can display exceptional ballistic transport at room temperature. We implemented an innovative Scanning Tunneling Potentiometry technique allowing for nm-scale spatial resolution and μ V-scale voltage resolution. Measured local potential and resistance of single GNRs devices provide clear indication of non-diffusive transport.The physics investigated and the methods and the techniques developed in this Thesis can thus provide a new insight on several (and quite diverse) on-trend topics.
2

Mesoscopic superconductivity : quasiclassical approach

Ožana, Marek January 2001 (has links)
This Thesis is concerned with the quasiclassical theory of meso-scopic superconductivity. The aim of the Thesis is to introduce the boundary conditions for a quasiclassical Green’s function on partially transparent interfaces in mesoscopic superconducting structures and to analyze the range of applicability of the quasiclassical theory. The linear boundary conditions for Andreev amplitudes, factoring the quasiclassical Green’s function, are presented.  The quasiclassical theory on classical trajectories is reviewed and then generalized to include knots with paths intersections.  The main focus of the Thesis is on the range of validity of the quasiclassical theory. This goal is achieved by comparison of quasiclassical and exact Green’s functions.  The exact Gor’kov Greens function cannot be directly used for the comparison because of its strong microscopic variations on the length-scale of λF. It is the coarse-grain averaged exact Green’s function which is appropriate for the comparison. In most of the typical cases the calculations show very good agreement between both theories. Only for certain special situations, where the classical trajectory contains loops, one encounters discrepancies. The numerical and analytical analysis of the role of the loop-like structures and their influence on discrepancies between both exact and quasiclassical approaches is one of the main results of the Thesis. It is shown that the terms missing in the quasiclassical theory can be attributed to the loops formed by the interfering paths.  In typical real samples any imperfection on the scale larger than the Fermi wavelength disconnects the loops and the path is transformed into the tree-like graph. It is concluded that the quasiclassical theory is fully applicable in most of real mesoscopic samples. In the situations where the conventional quasiclassical theory is inapplicable due to contribution of the interfering path, one can use the modification of the quasiclassical technique suggested in the Thesis.

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